CN106422611A - Sprinkling agent for reducing content of PM2.5 of haze producing matters in car exhaust gas - Google Patents
Sprinkling agent for reducing content of PM2.5 of haze producing matters in car exhaust gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN106422611A CN106422611A CN201610648168.2A CN201610648168A CN106422611A CN 106422611 A CN106422611 A CN 106422611A CN 201610648168 A CN201610648168 A CN 201610648168A CN 106422611 A CN106422611 A CN 106422611A
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- haze
- exhaust gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D49/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods
- B01D49/003—Separating dispersed particles from gases, air or vapours by other methods by sedimentation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
- B01D53/507—Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with other liquids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/72—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D53/48 - B01D53/70, e.g. hydrocarbons
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/01—Engine exhaust gases
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a sprinkling agent for reducing the content of PM2.5 of haze producing matters in car exhaust gas. The sprinkling agent includes the components by the mass percentage: 0.5%-5% of an ionic liquid, 10% of a polar nonprotic solvent, 5% of ethanol, and the balance water, wherein the sum of the percentages of the components is 100%. The sprinkling agent has a certain viscosity with the help of the ionic liquid, a part of fine particles are physically settled, in addition, 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazole chloride or 1-alkyl-3-methyl pyridine chloride easily undergoes adsorption reaction with the PM2.5 in the car exhaust gas, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the PM2.5 in the car exhaust gas are chemically decomposed, and a good treatment effect is played on the PM2.5. The sprinkling agent has simple operation, has no toxicity and harm to human bodies and environments, can increase the air humidity, and is a sprinkling agent for reducing the content of the PM2.5 of the haze producing matters in the car exhaust gas, wherein the sprinkling agent integrates characteristics of effectivity, convenient use and low price.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atmosphere protection field is and in particular to one kind is used for reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust
Spray agent.
Background technology
In recent years, China, manyly because many factors facilitate air quality to accelerate to deteriorate, led to haze weather to take place frequently,
Healthy to social normal order and the public cause to have a strong impact on.It is different from mist, haze is a kind of by imperceptible dry dirt in a large number
Grain etc. equably floats in the air, leads to the calamitous weather phenomenon that air transparency declines.By to the haze pollution that takes place frequently
Area is investigated, and result shows, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and PM2.5 this three is haze main comprise material,
The above two are gaseous contaminant, and last PM2.5 is little because of its granule, can float for a long time in atmosphere, and can be used as weight
The carrier of the noxious substances such as metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, so it is only the arch-criminal increasing haze weather pollution.
To sum up, the root of haze pollution is to have discharged the PM2.5 of excess in human activity process in air, and mankind master
To discharge PM2.5 by following two approach in air：Industrial waste gas and vehicle exhaust.Industrial waste gas is mainly by coal etc.
The burning of Fossil fuel causes, and the PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust is mainly from the fuel oil of vehicle fuel feed system volatilization, not complete
Intermediate product producing in the fuel oil of full burning and its combustion process etc..Although present most people thinks the fossils such as burning coal
Fuel is the main arch-criminal causing haze pollution, but drastically increases recently as the automobile volume of holding in process of industrialization, automobile
The air pollution causing is increasingly severe, has been even more than the harm that industrial waste gas causes.
Because vehicle fuel is mainly made up of carbon and hydrogen, during gasoline normal combustion, generate carbon dioxide, vapor and excess
The material such as oxygen.But due to containing other impurities and additive in fuel, and fuel usually can not burn completely, often discharges
Harmful particulate matter.These harmful particulate matter mainly have carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, Hydrocarbon, oxynitride, sulfur
Oxygen compound, after oxynitride, oxygen sulfur compound are discharged in air, the nitrogen being discharged with commercial production in air is combined
Form ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, these materials can be combined into microcrystal grain, become the main component of PM2.5.And vehicle exhaust produces
Raw PM2.5 is not singly the particulate matter going out from source discharge conventionally, the gaseous material also going out from source discharge, this
After a little gaseous materials interact in an atmosphere, chemical reaction is occurred to produce some crystallites it is simply that some very tiny
Grain thing, these particulate matters are also one of main composition of PM2.5 that vehicle exhaust produces.And temperature when motor vehicle exhaust emission
About 30 to 50 degree, spread in the air temperature generally 35 to 40 degree, the method for PM2.5 in general reduction vehicle exhaust
It can not be effectively treated at this temperature so that PM2.5 pollution range expands.To sum up, the PM2.5 that vehicle exhaust produces
There is complicated component, wide material sources, not tractable feature.
The method processing PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust at present is mainly physics fall subtraction.Physics fall subtracts including two broad aspect：One
It is made by the instruments such as air humidifier, ultrasound atomizer, indoor cascade, the PM2.5 in adsorption vehicle tail gas, fall subtracts PM2.5's
Content；Two are to increase in the air negative oxygen ion content, combine with the PM2.5 of in the air, conglobulate and then land, and eliminate
The impact of PM2.5.But the most of material for non-hydrophilic (i.e. hydrophobicity) of material in PM2.5, air humidifier, ultrasonic
Nebulizer, indoor cascade these hydrophilic PM2.5 granule can only be absorbed, the fine particle of hydrophobicity is not easy in a large number
Fall subtracts.And haze weather air flow property difference, it is more difficult to make these domestic installations of humidifier, nebulizer play a role, is borrowed
Variable interval is needed to change with the filter membrane of instrument, cumbersome.In addition, under temperature environment when motor vehicle exhaust emission goes out it is difficult to
Play preferable treatment effect.And negative aeroion method fall subtract mode operate too loaded down with trivial details, the anion of in the air easily with dirt
Angstrom combine to form the contaminant particles of certain polarity, it is not thorough to process microactuator suspension particulate matter, during fall subtracts microparticle thing,
Make air extremely dry, health is had a significant impact.Because PM2.5 complicated component in vehicle exhaust, at present on the market simultaneously
It is not specifically designed for the chemical treatment method of PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust, and physical treatment method can only remove PM2.5 on the whole
The a middle part larger granule of ratio, is difficult to if granule is little again process, and exactly especially little granule be main harm environment and
The source of human health.And physical method is by humidifier, nebulizer etc., time-consuming take electricity, expensive it is difficult to popularization.Cause
How this, make one and integrate effective, have and human body and environment nonhazardouss, easy to use, cheap feature are removed
In vehicle exhaust, the chemical reagent of PM2.5 becomes a research point.
Content of the invention
For the problems referred to above, present invention aim to overcome that the condition of air flow property difference, find a kind of special work of performance
With ionic liquid not only by physical method, PM2.5 is settled, increase spray agent and the absorption of haze made
With, and can for the main difficult material of PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust in motor vehicle exhaust emission temperature range out
Inside carry out efficient chemolysis so that spray agent reaches best treatment effect.Additionally by finding the molten of suitable spray agent
Agent, also can play good Degradation to the granule of non-hydrophilic, make a collection effectively, have nontoxic to human body and environment
Harmful, easy to use, cheap feature fall haze spray.
In order to realize above-mentioned task, the present invention takes following technical solution：
A kind of spray agent for reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust, including ionic liquid, aprotic, polar
Solvent, second alcohol and water.
Specifically, by mass percentage, described ionic liquid is 0.5%～5%, and polar non-solute is
10%, ethanol is 5%, and remaining is water, and the percentage ratio summation of mentioned component is 100%.
Preferably, described ionic liquid includes imidazoles and pyridine ionic liquid.
Preferably, described ionic liquid includes halogenation 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. and halogenation 1- alkyl -3- methyl pyrrole
Pyridine.
Best, the halogenation atom of described ionic liquid is chlorine atom.
Specifically, described polar non-solute is dimethyl sulfoxide.
Advantages of the present invention is：
(1) the fall haze principle of the spray agent of the present invention is：Because complicated component in the PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust, containing carbon
The fine particulates such as hydrogen compound, oxynitride, oxygen sulfur compound, and these fine particulates are by two kinds of solid-state, gaseous state
Mode is transformed, so, can have certain viscosity by ionic liquid, first a part of fine particulates be carried out greatly
The physics sedimentation of scope, afterwards, selectes specific ionic liquid chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. or pyridine, by PM2.5
In oxynitride and oxygen sulfur compound carry out chemolysis, thus reducing the content of PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust.
(2) spray agent containing ionic liquid obtained by the present invention, even if in the case that weather condition is more quiet surely,
Also preferably can carry out the process of PM2.5 for certain fixed area.The ratio shared in spray agent by adjusting PM2.5
Example, adds certain deionized water and polar non-solute, makes spray agent reach suitable viscosity, preferably plays and makees
With.Ionic liquid also has the characteristics that tasteless, nonflammable explosive, non-volatile, not oxidizable, has good heat stability and chemistry
Stability, all stable to air and water, it is easy to operation, can recycle, people can be reduced except the flower on PM2.5
Take.By many experiments, also demonstrate this spray agent can reach within the temperature range of motor vehicle exhaust emission goes out best
Treatment effect.
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Specific embodiment
The invention discloses a kind of spray agent for reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust, described fall haze
Spray agent prescription and include 0.5%～5% ionic liquid, 10% polar non-solute, 5% ethanol, remaining is deionized water.From
Sub- liquid includes the less imidazoles of side chain and pyridine ionic liquid.The less ionic liquid of side chain is halogenation 1- alkyl -3-
Methylimidazole., halogenation 1- alkyl -3- picoline, the halogenation atom of ionic liquid is chlorine atom.Polar non-solute is two
Methyl sulfoxide.
For the spray agent reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust of the present invention, inventor devises a series of
Experiment obtaining preferably sedimentation rate, realize higher except PM2.5 efficiency.Specific as follows：
Embodiment one：
The fall haze that the present invention provides sprays agent prescription and includes：2.5% chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole., 10% diformazan
Base sulfoxide, 5% ethanol, remaining is deionized water.And be formulated using following steps：
First, haze spray agent will be dropped and press 1:100 are diluted in water；
2nd, determine an airtight fixed area, maintain the temperature in the range of 35～40 DEG C, spray 1g and obtain from vehicle exhaust
PM2.5, manufacture haze region, measure PM2.5 content.
3rd, utilize suitable atomizer, one aqueous solution is sprayed in the way of spraying two haze region；
4th, after spraying, timing is observed and is detected the fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in confined space
Subtract, record data.
Embodiment two：
With the difference of embodiment one, the present embodiment is that dropping haze sprays the chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. in agent prescription
Ratio be adjusted to 5%.The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in detection confined space subtracts, record data.
Embodiment three：
With the difference of embodiment one, the present embodiment is that dropping haze sprays the chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. in agent prescription
Ratio be adjusted to 7.5%.The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in detection confined space subtracts, and the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, the concentration of ionic liquid determines the degree of absorption to haze, in the range of finite concentration,
Spray agent intermediate ion liquid proportion is bigger, and it is better to play a role, if but the ionic liquid scale of construction is too many, the viscous of spray agent can be made
Degree becomes big, is difficult to play a role.Through substantial amounts of experiment, draw when ionic liquid proportion is 0.5%～5%, spray agent
Viscosity suitable, sedimentation rate is higher.
Example IV：
With the difference of embodiment one, the present embodiment is that dropping haze sprays the chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. in agent prescription
It is changed to chlorination 1- alkyl -3- picoline.The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in detection confined space subtracts, note
Record data.
Embodiment five：
With the difference of embodiment one, the present embodiment is that dropping haze sprays the chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. in agent prescription
It is changed to chlorination 1- alkyl -3- ethyl imidazol(e).The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in detection confined space subtracts, note
Record data.
Embodiment six：
With the difference of embodiment one, the present embodiment is that dropping haze sprays the chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. in agent prescription
It is changed to chlorination 1- alkyl -3- propyl imidazole.The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in detection confined space subtracts, note
Record data.
Embodiment seven：
The present embodiment is in fall haze sprinkling agent prescription to be not added with ionic liquid with the difference of embodiment one, and remaining is constant.
The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust in detection confined space subtracts, record data.
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, ionic liquid is changed to pyridines by imidazoles, sedimentation rate has no significant change, and by first
Base is changed to ethyl or propyl group, and sedimentation rate is greatly reduced, if completely remove spray agent in ionic liquid, in confined space from vapour
The PM2.5 obtaining in tail gas is almost without effect.
Embodiment eight：
With the difference of embodiment one, the present embodiment is that haze thing processed is the PM2.5 obtaining from industrial waste gas.Detection is airtight
The fall of the PM2.5 content obtaining from industrial waste gas in space subtracts, record data.
Table 3
As can be seen from Table 3, the PM2.5 that the spray agent that the present invention is obtained produces just for vehicle exhaust, for Industry Waste
The PM2.5 that gas produces does not have preferable effect.This is because the PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust is mainly vehicle fuel feed system
The intermediate product producing in the fuel oil of volatilization, imperfect combustion fuel oil and its combustion process, composition is oxynitride and sulfur
Oxygen compound, the methyl group on ionic liquid chlorination 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. or pyridine is easily and it occurs adsorption reaction,
Carry out chemolysis, thus increasing the sedimentation rate to PM2.5 in vehicle exhaust；And industrial waste gas is mainly by fossils such as coals
The burning of fuel causes, and main component is micro- carbon granule, and ionic liquid is difficult to it is adsorbed, thus this invention just for
The PM2.5 that vehicle exhaust produces.
Embodiment nine：
The temperature range that the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment one is in confined space is 25～30 DEG C.Detection confined air
The fall of the interior PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust subtracts, record data.
Embodiment ten：
The temperature range that the difference of the present embodiment and embodiment one is in confined space is 45～50 DEG C.Detection confined air
The fall of the interior PM2.5 content obtaining from vehicle exhaust subtracts, record data.
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, when the temperature of confined space reaches 35 DEG C, sedimentation rate reaches maximum, through consulting related money
Material, temperature when vehicle exhaust discharges is 30～50 DEG C about, spreads to generally 35～40 DEG C of in the air temperature, through looking into
Read data and lot of experiments checking, the active highest when 35～40 DEG C for the ionic liquid in this spray agent, in vehicle exhaust
Play a role within the scope of temperature after discharging best, be a kind of spray being best suitable for removing the PM2.5 producing in vehicle exhaust
Spill agent.
Above remembered, only embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art do correlation modification and its change, come under this
Bright the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of for reduce in vehicle exhaust produce haze thing PM2.5 content spray agent it is characterised in that include ionic liquid,
Polar non-solute, second alcohol and water.
2. as claimed in claim 1 be used for reducing the spray agent producing haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust it is characterised in that
By mass percentage, described ionic liquid is 0.5%～5%, and polar non-solute is 10%, and ethanol is 5%, remaining
For water, the percentage ratio summation of mentioned component is 100%.
3. the spray agent for reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In described ionic liquid includes imidazoles and pyridine ionic liquid.
4. the spray agent for reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In described ionic liquid includes halogenation 1- alkyl -3- Methylimidazole. and halogenation 1- alkyl -3- picoline.
5. as claimed in claim 4 be used for reducing the spray agent producing haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust it is characterised in that
The halogenation atom of described ionic liquid is chlorine atom.
6. the spray agent for reducing product haze thing PM2.5 content in vehicle exhaust as claimed in claim 1 or 2, its feature exists
In described polar non-solute is dimethyl sulfoxide.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610648168.2A CN106422611B (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | A kind of spray agent for reducing production haze object PM2.5 contents in vehicle exhaust |
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| CN201610648168.2A CN106422611B (en) | 2016-08-09 | 2016-08-09 | A kind of spray agent for reducing production haze object PM2.5 contents in vehicle exhaust |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1197005A (en) * | 1967-05-24 | 1970-07-01 | Chemcal Construction Corp | Gas Scrubber |
| CN101749722A (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2010-06-23 | 东南大学 | Device and a method for jointly and cooperatively removing various pollutants of fume in coal-fired boiler |
| CN102068876A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-25 | 北京化工大学 | Flue gas desulfurization process |
| CN102921255A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Preparation method of automotive exhaust treatment module |
| CN104645746A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-27 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Rolling brushing type gas dust-removing purification device |
-
2016
- 2016-08-09 CN CN201610648168.2A patent/CN106422611B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1197005A (en) * | 1967-05-24 | 1970-07-01 | Chemcal Construction Corp | Gas Scrubber |
| CN102068876A (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2011-05-25 | 北京化工大学 | Flue gas desulfurization process |
| CN101749722A (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2010-06-23 | 东南大学 | Device and a method for jointly and cooperatively removing various pollutants of fume in coal-fired boiler |
| CN102921255A (en) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-13 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Preparation method of automotive exhaust treatment module |
| CN104645746A (en) * | 2015-02-13 | 2015-05-27 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Rolling brushing type gas dust-removing purification device |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 夏敏等编著: "《有机合成技术与综合设计实验》", 31 May 2012, 华东理工大学出版社 * |
| 林星杰等编著: "《铅冶炼企业环境隐患排查及风险评估》", 30 September 2014, 中国环境出版社 * |
| 胡功政等主编: "《新全实用兽药手册（第4版）》", 30 September 2009, 河南科学技术出版社 * |
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