CN1064170A - pulse pile - Google Patents

pulse pile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1064170A
CN1064170A CN91100827A CN91100827A CN1064170A CN 1064170 A CN1064170 A CN 1064170A CN 91100827 A CN91100827 A CN 91100827A CN 91100827 A CN91100827 A CN 91100827A CN 1064170 A CN1064170 A CN 1064170A
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rod
reactor
heap
fuel
uranium
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CN91100827A
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CN1035845C (en
Inventor
夏祥贵
陆绍机
章宋耀
田盛
江兴英
阮桂兴
于俊崇
游克毅
魏昌武
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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Nuclear Power Institute of China
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E30/00Energy generation of nuclear origin
    • Y02E30/30Nuclear fission reactors

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Abstract

The invention provides a pool type pulse reactor of a uranium-hydrogen-zirconium fuel element, wherein a reactor core adopts a uranium-hydrogen-zirconium fuel-moderating element, the fuel core is a uniform mixture of uranium accounting for 8.5% by weight and zirconium hydride with the atomic ratio of hydrogen to zirconium being 1.6: 1, the abundance of the uranium-hydrogen-zirconium fuel element is 20%, the loading capacity of the reactor core is 3.5kg of uranium-235, the service life of the reactor can reach 2000 megawatts per day, and the absolute value of the instantaneous negative temperature coefficient is not less than 8 multiplied by 10-5Delta K/K/DEG C, the maximum reactivity of pulse operation reaches 4 yuan, the maximum pulse peak power is 3420 megawatts, and the neutron flux density peak value is 6 multiplied by 1016n/cm2S. The pile has good safety, low cost,Has wide application.

Description

Pulsed reactor
The present invention relates to a kind of multi-usage pond formula research reactor, is that a kind of reactor core adopts uranium hydrogen zirconium element to make the pulsed reactor of fuel specifically.
At present, the pulsed reactor of widespread use manufactures and designs by the former subsidiary company of AM General (General Atomic Company) in the world.The said firm discloses a kind of pond formula pulsed reactor of the TRI-GA of being called MARK II in " SAFETY ANALYSIS REPORT FORTHE TRIGA MARK II REACTOR " E-117-661 January 1977, this heap adopts uranium hydrogen zirconium element to make fuel, have big prompt negative temperature coefficient, inherent safety is good.Reactor not only can steady-state operation, but also pulsing operation, and the maximum reactivity that can introduce during pulsing operation reaches 3 yuan.But because the reactor core size is less, fuel hold-up less (3.2kg uranium 235), the phase in longevity of heap is shorter; Because burst rod type of drive difference, to deepen to can't realize pulsing operation the time when the reactor core burnup, burst rod does not just have the effect of compensation core power; Reactor hall and technology room only are provided with an exhaust system, radiating medium in the heap pond upper space (space between the pond cover plate and the pond water surface) directly drains into reactor hall, though the experimental hole is provided with independent exhaust system, but do not filter measure, thereby increased in the reactor hall and the radioactive dosage level in the surrounding environment; Pool inner wall and peripheral concrete screen layer are subjected to excessive γ radiation because of unshielded measure; No element wall surface temperature measurement mechanism is unfavorable for the security of reactor.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of core life long, send out that negative temperature effect is higher reactor core wink, the security of heap and experimental ability pulsed reactor preferably.
Pulsed reactor provided by the invention adopts pond formula structure, reactor is by being equipped with for slowing down cooling with the heap pond 1 of light-water and its peripheral concrete shielding 8, reactor core 12, graphite reflector 11, lead shield layer 13, heap bridge 30, pond cover plate 2, control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) 5, burst rod driving mechanism 3, central vertical duct 6, radially duct 14, tangential channel 15, plume 10, formations such as " running rabbit " device (Pneumatic transmission equipment) 7, Rotary Specimen Rack 9 and drive unit 4 thereof, and its structure as shown in Figure 1.Reactor core 12 comprises reactor core cylindrical shell, neutron source 22, fuel element 16, shim rod 17, burst rod 18, safety rod 19, regulating rod 20, test duct 23, eccentric chamber etc.Reactor core adopts the convection current of light-water Natural Circulation, the derivation of waste heat after the cooling of reactor core and the shutdown when being beneficial to move.Moderator mainly is a zircoium hydride, and light-water is the double as moderator also.Reactor core is pressed concentric circles and is arranged, and fuel element is evenly distributed on the concentric circles, and central vertical duct 6 is positioned at reactor core central authorities, and is arranged with shim rod 17, burst rod 18, safety rod 19, regulating rod 20 etc., and its reactor core is arranged as shown in Figure 3.
Pulsed reactor of the present invention makes the charging capacity of reactor core strengthen (burden rating 3.5KgU owing to strengthened the physical dimension of reactor core and fuel element 235), increased the phase in longevity of piling (heap Shou Qike reaches 2000 megawatt daies).Reactor core adopts uranium hydrogen zirconium to make fuel element, has and very big wink sends out negative temperature effect, and the absolute value of its prompt negative temperature coefficient is not less than 8 * 10 -5(△ K/K)/℃.Make heap power when increasing suddenly when in service owing to misquoting, send out negative temperature effect big wink and can make reactor capability drop to a security level automatically, and need not to rely on external electrical, machinery or manual control into a certain amount of positive reactivity.When reactor core can not pulsing operation because excess reactivity is too small after degree of depth burnup, burst rod can be made shim rod and use, and made reactor continue steady-state operation, had prolonged core life.
Pulsed reactor of the present invention not only can steady-state operation, but also pulsing operation, and the rated power during steady-state operation is 1000KW, stable state reactor core evenly heat neutron flux 1.4 * 10 13N/cm 2S, the maximum reactivity during pulsing operation reaches 4 yuan, and the maximum impulse peak power is 3420MW, and the neutron-flux density peak value is 6 * 10 16N/cm 2S, pulse half-width 7ms.The burst rod driving mechanism adopts the blow cylinder principle, drive burst rod and do steady-state operation, but and the transponder pulse rod carry out pulsing operation.Reactor core had good pulse performance to the burst rod total travel less than 0.1 second launch time.The emission of burst rod drives burst rod by the piston in the driving mechanism cylinder and moves upward and realize under the pressurized air effect.
Pulsed reactor of the present invention is provided with exhaust emission system, is provided with efficient iodine device and the filtrator of removing in the system, and its terminal is located in heap pond water surface upper space and the experimental provision.When reactor puts into operation, exhaust emission system is devoted oneself to work, to purify and to discharge the activated gas in heap pond upper space and the experimental provision, issuable radioactive fission gas under gasoloid and the accident conditions reduces the radioactive dosage level in reactor hall and the surrounding environment.
Pulsed reactor of the present invention is provided with lead shield layer 13 in the periphery of graphite reflector 11, in order to weaken the gamma-rays that reactor core penetrates, makes heap pond concrete all around unlikely overheated, thereby reduces the thermal stress of concrete shielding, and need not to be provided with shield cooling system.The top, active region is provided with thrower, and the injection flow maximum can reach 28T/h, in order to set up the district of scratching that rises laminar flow waterborne of top, active region, to delay the time that activated gas rises to the water surface, piles the dosage level that pushes up thereby reduce.In the fuel element of reactor core, also be provided with fuel core body temperature-measuring element and fuel can temperature-measuring element,, improved the security of heap in order to measure the temperature and the clad temperature of fuel core body.
Pulsed reactor of the present invention out-pile in heap also is provided with the kinds of experiments facility, as central vertical duct 6, test duct 23, eccentric chamber, radially the duct 14, tangential channel 15, Rotary Specimen Rack 9, " run rabbit " and install (Pneumatic transmission equipment) 7 and plume 10 etc., utilize these Experimental Establishments can carry out neutron activation analysis test, irradiation test, neutron photography and the isotopic production of middle short life.
Except said system, pulsed reactor of the present invention also is provided with control system, cooling system, makes water and known system such as water system, wastewater collection and storage system, exhaust system, electric power system, communication system and monitoring system.
Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is the pulsed reactor sectional view.
Fig. 2 is a pulsed reactor A-A sectional view.
Fig. 3 is the reactor core arrangenent diagram.
Fig. 4 is a burst rod driving mechanism synoptic diagram.
Fig. 5 is a uranium hydrogen zirconium fuel element synoptic diagram.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, pulsed reactor of the present invention adopts pond formula structure, the heap pond 1 be one 7 meters dark, 2 meters of internal diameters, the stainless steel cylinder that wall thickness is 4 millimeters is with concrete shielding 8 outside it, heap bridge 30 places on the concrete shielding 8, the pond cover plate 2 that can open is arranged on the reactor pit, both kept pool reactor advantage simple and easy to operate, improved the security of operation again.Reactor core 12 is contained in the bottom center in heap pond 1, and the top, active region has 5 meters thick light-water layers to make axial shield.Have graphite reflector 11 to center on around the reactor core 12, the periphery of graphite reflector 11 is lead shield layers 13 of 5 cm thicks, in order to weaken the gamma-rays that reactor core penetrates.The top, active region is provided with thrower, has reduced the dosage level on heap top.
Reactor core adopts uranium hydrogen zirconium to make fuel element, and Fig. 5 is the fuel element synoptic diagram.Fuel element is by stainless steel end plug 31, end graphite core body 32, and U-HZr1.6 core body 33, Zr-4 plug 34 and stainless steel cladding 35 are formed.The fuel core body is that the uranium and the hydrogen atomic percent zirconium of abundance 20% is the uniform mix of 1.6: 1 zircoium hydride, and wherein uranium heavily accounts for 8.5%.3 isometric fuel core bodys are arranged in the every element, 390 millimeters of core body length overalls, 36.1 millimeters of external diameters are inserted with 4.6 millimeters Zr-4 plug in the hole that central diameter is 4.6 millimeters.The element upper and lower side respectively has a graphite core body, 36 millimeters of external diameters, long 97.5 millimeters, 0.5 millimeter of cladding tube wall thickness, 37.2 millimeters of external diameters.Be filled with the helium of 0.1MPa in the element, 760 millimeters of element length overalls.The control rod absorbing material is B 4C.The structure of safety rod, regulating rod and shim rod is identical, and involucrum is stainless steel, and fuel is housed in involucrum follows body.The burst rod cladding materials is an aluminium alloy, and no fuel is followed body in the involucrum.
Fuel element is pressed the concentric circles arrangement in the reactor core, is evenly distributed on the concentric circles, and concentric circles is at a distance of 40 millimeters.Central vertical duct 6 is positioned at the central authorities of reactor core 12, has 126 rod positions on every side, and the excellent figure place of every from inside to outside circle increases progressively, totally 6 circles.126 rod positions are equipped with fuel element 16, totally 86 (wherein fuel core body temperature-measuring element is 2,1 of fuel can temperature-measuring element), 3 on control rod (is respectively shim rod 17, safety rod 19, regulating rod 20), 18 1 of burst rods, 22 1 of neutron sources, totally 34 of graphite components 21, " run rabbit " and install (Pneumatic transmission equipment) 7, also be provided with test duct 23, two eccentric chambeies, be symmetric arrangement, each test duct, eccentric chamber comprises a D circle hole and two E circle holes, when element is placed on these positions, support by special steady arm, after element and steady arm are removed, can insert diameter and be 60 millimeters pipeline, thereby constitute test duct 23, eccentric chamber, core structure as shown in Figure 3.Rotary Specimen Rack 9 places on the cylindrical shell of graphite reflector 11, by placing the specimen holder drive unit 4 on the heap bridge 30 to drive.Device 7 connects canyon " to run rabbit ", is mainly used in isotope production and carries out irradiation experiment.Two ducts 14 radially, tangential channel 15, plume 10 all passes concrete shielding 8 and heap pond 1 terminates in outside the cylindrical shell of graphite reflector 11, is mainly used in irradiation experiment and neutron photography.Test duct and experimental provision around the reactor core all communicate with exhaust emission system, are provided with efficient iodine device and the filtrator of removing in the exhaust emission system.29 is the exhaust emission system pipeline, one end communicates with heap pond upper space, another termination exhaust emission system, exhaust emission system is devoted oneself to work during reactor operation, waste gas to test duct and experimental provision and heap pond upper space purifies and discharges, and has reduced the radioactive dosage level in reactor hall and the surrounding environment.
The high speed pneumatic system that burst rod driving mechanism 3 is made up of cylinder 27, piston 28, buffer spring 25, impact damper 24, its structural representation as shown in Figure 4.This driving mechanism adopts blow cylinder principle, closes drivingly for gas-Electricity Federation, drive burst rod and do steady-state operation, but and the transponder pulse rod carry out pulsing operation.The emission of burst rod moves upward under compressed-air actuated effect by the pistons 28 in the cylinder 27 and drive moves upward with the fixedly connected burst rod of piston rod realizes.During pulsing operation, open the solenoid valve of compressed air supply system, make the accumulation of energy cylinder 26 of pressurized air access mechanism, the energy that utilizes pressurized air to put aside in accumulation of energy cylinder 26 promotes piston 28, drives upwards emission of burst rod 18.When piston 28 when upwards impact damper 24 is run in operation in accumulation of energy cylinder 26, just obtain buffer deceleration, close the solenoid valve shuts source of the gas in air feed loop simultaneously, cylinder 27 communicates with atmosphere.Piston 28 drops into reactor core 12 fast under the deadweight effect of the effect of buffer spring 25 and burst rod 18, return to virgin state.The stroke of transponder pulse rod is realized by the position of regulating cylinder 27.When reactor core can not pulsing operation because excess reactivity is too small after degree of depth burnup, burst rod can be made shim rod and use, and at this moment, can rely on the lifting of cylinder 27 to drive the lifting or the decline of control rod.
Pulsed reactor of the present invention, the phase in longevity is longer, and pulse peak power is higher, security is good, simple in structure, cost is low, operating maintenance is easy, and the environmental activity dosage level is low, and experimental ability is strong, of many uses, be a kind of pond formula research reactor of very with practical value and broad prospect of application.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of reactor core adopts the pond formula pulsed reactor of uranium hydrogen zirconium fuel element, comprise a heap pond 1 that surrounds by concrete shielding 8, light-water for slowing down cooling usefulness is housed in the heap pond 1, be installed in the reactor core 12 of heap pond 1 bottom center by the cooling of light-water Natural Circulation, be positioned at the graphite reflector 11 of reactor core 12 peripheries, the gating pulse heap is made the control rod drive mechanisms (CRD) 5 and the burst rod driving mechanism 3 of stable state or the operation of pulse attitude, and duct 14 radially, tangential channel 15, plume 10, the control system of Rotary Specimen Rack 9 and heap, cooling system, exhaust system, reactor core 12 comprises the reactor core cylindrical shell and is arranged in the interior fuel element 16 of reactor core cylindrical shell, shim rod 17, burst rod 18, safety rod 19, regulating rod 20, graphite component 21, neutron source 22, fuel core body in the fuel element 16 is that weight ratio accounts for 8.5%, abundance is that 20% uranium and hydrogen atomic percent zirconium are the uniform mix of 1.6: 1 zircoium hydride, it is characterized in that being equipped with in the reactor core 12 86 fuel elements 16, total charging capacity is a 3.5Kg uranium-235, wherein two are provided with fuel core body temperature-measuring element, another root is provided with the fuel can temperature-measuring element, core body 33 length overalls are 390mm in the every fuel element, external diameter is 36.1mm, core body 33 centers are inserted with the zirconium that diameter is 4.6mm-4 plug 34, the two ends of core body 33 respectively are provided with long 97.5mm, the graphite core body 35 of external diameter 36mm, fuel element 16, shim rod 17, burst rod 18, safety rod 19, regulating rod 20, graphite component 21, neutron source 22 is to be evenly arranged on six equidistant concentric circless, distance between the concentric circles is 40mm, the periphery of graphite reflector 11 is provided with lead shield layer 13, and burst rod driving mechanism 3 is by cylinder 27, piston 28, buffer spring 25, burst rod total travel launch time that impact damper 24 is formed was less than 0.1 second high speed pneumatic system.
2, adopt the pond formula pulsed reactor of uranium hydrogen zirconium fuel element according to the said a kind of reactor core of claim 1, it is characterized in that being provided with exhaust emission system in the heap, be provided with efficient iodine device and the filtrator of removing in the system, its terminal is located in heap pond water surface upper space and the experimental provision, one end of exhaust emission pipe 29 communicates another termination exhaust emission system with heap pond upper space; The top, active region is provided with thrower in the heap, and remote injection flow maximum can reach 28T/h.
CN91100827A 1991-02-12 1991-02-12 pulse pile Expired - Lifetime CN1035845C (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102543246A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-07-04 中国核电工程有限公司 Reactor irradiation hydraulic driving device
CN102543224A (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-07-04 中国核动力研究设计院 Power reactor adopting uranium zirconium hydride fuel element
CN102568618A (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-07-11 中国核动力研究设计院 Uranium zirconium hydride nuclear fuel rod for power reactor
CN104217771A (en) * 2014-07-10 2014-12-17 西南交通大学 Pulse stick driving mechanism
CN105118537A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-12-02 西北核技术研究所 Irradiation experimental device for pulse reactor
CN106297908A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-04 中国核动力研究设计院 It is applied to bunch formula control rod method for arranging and the operation management method of small-sized presurized water reactor
CN107481775A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-12-15 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 A kind of reactor sample irradiation device
CN107688035A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-02-13 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 A kind of decelerator for heap according to sample transfer
CN109119174A (en) * 2018-09-06 2019-01-01 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of heat-pipe cooling type nuclear reactor power-supply system based on uranium hydrogen zirconium fuel and static heat to electricity conversion
CN111063467A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-24 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Control method for temperature field of rod-shaped fuel element

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102543224A (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-07-04 中国核动力研究设计院 Power reactor adopting uranium zirconium hydride fuel element
CN102568618A (en) * 2010-12-14 2012-07-11 中国核动力研究设计院 Uranium zirconium hydride nuclear fuel rod for power reactor
CN102543224B (en) * 2010-12-14 2014-06-11 中国核动力研究设计院 Power reactor adopting uranium zirconium hydride fuel element
CN102568618B (en) * 2010-12-14 2014-11-05 中国核动力研究设计院 Uranium zirconium hydride nuclear fuel rod for power reactor
CN102543246A (en) * 2011-12-19 2012-07-04 中国核电工程有限公司 Reactor irradiation hydraulic driving device
CN102543246B (en) * 2011-12-19 2014-08-27 中国核电工程有限公司 Reactor irradiation hydraulic driving device
CN104217771B (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-08-24 西南交通大学 A kind of burst rod drive mechanism
CN104217771A (en) * 2014-07-10 2014-12-17 西南交通大学 Pulse stick driving mechanism
CN105118537A (en) * 2015-08-14 2015-12-02 西北核技术研究所 Irradiation experimental device for pulse reactor
CN106297908A (en) * 2016-09-29 2017-01-04 中国核动力研究设计院 It is applied to bunch formula control rod method for arranging and the operation management method of small-sized presurized water reactor
CN106297908B (en) * 2016-09-29 2018-05-29 中国核动力研究设计院 Cluster formula control rod method for arranging and operation management method applied to small-sized presurized water reactor
CN107481775A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-12-15 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 A kind of reactor sample irradiation device
CN107688035A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-02-13 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 A kind of decelerator for heap according to sample transfer
CN107688035B (en) * 2017-08-18 2020-05-19 中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所 Speed reducer for transmission of piled reference samples
CN109119174A (en) * 2018-09-06 2019-01-01 中国原子能科学研究院 A kind of heat-pipe cooling type nuclear reactor power-supply system based on uranium hydrogen zirconium fuel and static heat to electricity conversion
CN109119174B (en) * 2018-09-06 2023-09-29 中国原子能科学研究院 Heat pipe cooling type nuclear reactor power supply system based on uranium zirconium hydrogen fuel and static thermoelectric conversion
CN111063467A (en) * 2019-12-19 2020-04-24 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 Control method for temperature field of rod-shaped fuel element

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