CN106410413A - Four-dimensional antenna array used for orbital angular momentum wireless communication mode - Google Patents
Four-dimensional antenna array used for orbital angular momentum wireless communication mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN106410413A CN106410413A CN201610801275.4A CN201610801275A CN106410413A CN 106410413 A CN106410413 A CN 106410413A CN 201610801275 A CN201610801275 A CN 201610801275A CN 106410413 A CN106410413 A CN 106410413A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
Abstract
The invention discloses a four-dimensional antenna array used for an OAM (Orbital Angular Momentum wireless communication mode. The four-dimensional antenna array in such form is a method which can generate multiple OAM modes at the same time. The basic structure of the four-dimensional ring antenna array comprises antenna units, high-speed RF switches, a power divider and an FPGA circuit board. The maximum innovation of the invention is that as consideration is given to the influence from the existence of an OAM mode weak field area to a mode transmission distance, the provided four-dimensional ring antenna array which is a method capable of generating multiple OAM modes at the same time has obvious advantages when adopting a -1-1 switching form rather than a 0-1 switching form, and as the optimal time sequence in the -1-1 switching form is provided, each switch is guaranteed to be conducted to a state 1 within a time period according to the sequence, and the time duration taken for conducting each switch to the state 1 is same. Aiming at the influence from the weak field area to the OAM mode transmission, a relationship among the size of a receiving area, a distance between the receiving area to the antennas and an accurate calculation mode is given to bring convenience to accurate reception of a needed mode.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical field, it is related to four-dimensional antenna array and in particular to a kind of be used for orbital angular momentum no
The four-dimensional antenna array of line communication pattern.
Background technology
Traditional antenna battle array can be counted as being distributed in three-dimensional radiation source.Four-dimensional antenna array is to make time variable
It is incorporated into a kind of novel array antenna formed in traditional antenna battle array for fourth dimension parameter.It can be by traditional antenna battle array
Array element amplitude and phase weighting are realized by time-weighted mode, thus enormously simplify the design of feeding network.With respect to
Traditional antenna battle array, four-dimensional antenna array has a lot of design advantages, for example, can realize under array element constant amplitude cophase detector
Sidelobe directional diagram, no phase shifter beam scanning, Multibeam synthesis, wide angle range direction finding, the direction modulation of transmission signal etc..?
On hardware configuration, four-dimensional antenna array increases by one group of high speed RF switch in traditional antenna battle array and constitutes, by switch
Control can rapidly and accurately adjust the radiation characteristic of four-dimensional antenna array, has great design flexibility.
In four-dimensional antenna array, each antenna element, in addition to being connected with variable attenuator and phase shifter, is also distinguished
It is connected with a high speed RF switch.The working condition (conducting and disconnection) of each high speed RF switch is then by complex programmable
Logical device (CPLD) controls.For a work schedule having designed, we can write corresponding program to CPLD,
Make the logical signal of its output control high speed RF switch working condition, thus realize to each antenna element receipt signal when
Between modulate.Finally, the signal of N number of passage is overlapped and exports.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) is classical mechanics and quantum-mechanical fundamental physical quantity, and wherein OAM is divided with the space of photon
Cloth is relevant, is the natural characteristic of helical phase beam.Find that Laguerre is high first in Dutch physicist L.Allen in 1992
This vortex beams, the wavefront of this light beam is spiral-shaped, and the singular point being 0 containing light intensity.People draw vortex beams
There is the characteristic that carrier wave light beam used on conventional communication mode does not have, there is a kind of brand-new degree of freedom, i.e. orbital angular momentum
(OAM).The electromagnetism vortex ripple of needs can be obtained using OAM, interpolation one is relevant with space phase angle on normal electromagnetic wave
Rotatable phase factor ejlθ, you can normal electromagnetic wave is changed into electromagnetism vortex ripple.Due to orthogonal between different mode
Property, so can be with the OAM ripple of parallel transmission multichannel in same bandwidth, and the OAM ripple of different mode will not produce each other
Raw interference, the utilization rate of frequency spectrum is significantly improved.The Central China University of Science and Technology bends for bright et al. in publication number CN103812543A
Middle a kind of method that utilization orbital angular momentum improves wireless communication capacity proposed, mutually orthogonal by topological charge in orbital angular momentum
Physical characteristics communicated, make full use of the potentiality of MIMO technique, be multiplexed orbital angular momentum, need not increase new
Frequency range gets final product effective hoist capacity, as long as the azimuth of receiving terminal antenna meets certain equilibrium relationships, does not change communication system
Core component, the capacity boost of maximum can be obtained, required cost is less, and other communication systems are no affected, can
It is applied to existing various wireless communication system.
Multiple OAM wave generation devices are suggested, and Zhejiang University bends and proposes in bright et al. the CN 103474776A in publication number
A kind of method producing radio frequency orbital angular momentum wave beam based on annular traveling wave antenna, antenna excitation source is in that traveling wave passes on annulus
Broadcast, produce the OAM pattern of different rank by the PHASE DISTRIBUTION adjusting each point on annulus.Elettra Mari et al. passes through adjustment
The OAM pattern obtaining needs of the open height of spiral parabola antenna revised.Wenlong Wei et al. is using circular phase shift
Device and the structure of patch antenna array combination, obtain the OAM pattern of needs by the phase place changing the circular phase shifter.Therefore existing
Each structure of generator of some OAM ripples can only produce a kind of pattern or need to realize various modes using the phase shifter.
Content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is：For above-mentioned problem, there is provided a kind of wireless for orbital angular momentum
The four-dimensional antenna array of communication pattern is it is therefore intended that produce multiple OAM ripples by suitable timing Design and be determined to simultaneously
Accurately receive area size and the position of each order mode.
In the present invention, four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array is by antenna element, high speed RF switch, power divider (abbreviation power splitter)
With FPGA board composition；Wherein each antenna element connects a high speed RF switch respectively, and power divider is through high rapid fire
Frequency switch is connected with each antenna element；FPGA board controls the periodicity break-make of all switches, that is, pass through to control each at a high speed
Radio-frequency (RF) switch controls antenna element passage, realizes the amplitude of antenna element by appropriate design switch conduction sequential and phase place adds
Power, and then produce multiple OAM patterns simultaneously.
The four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array of the present invention is operated in mid frequency f0, the time-modulation cycle T of switchp, time-modulation frequency
Rate fp=1/Tp.There is the switch function U that pulse translates time-modulation modekT () is expressed as：
Theoretical according to Signals ＆ Systems, the time-domain expression of the periodic function of switch can be by Fourier space in frequency
Domain is launched：
Wherein tkAnd τkRepresent k-th antenna element normalized turn-on instant and conducting within a time cycle respectively
Time, due toTwiddle factor e with orbital angular momentumjlθCorresponding, so when timing Design meets tkDuring=2 π/N, four
Dimension annulus array antenna can produce multiple OAM patterns simultaneously, but because array element number is limited, the OAM mould that ring array can produce
Formula value | l |<N/2, including positive order mode and negative order mode it is contemplated that in the present invention positive order mode and negative order mode exist symmetrical
Property, thus positive order mode is only discussed below.
The presence in feeble field region is the intrinsic property of OAM ripple, due to the presence in feeble field region, certainly will lead to aerial array energy
Amount is disperseed, and then the transmission range of pattern shortens, and improves gain and guarantees to be necessary in quantity set.The present invention passes through contrast design
Three kinds of sequential produce the optimal sequential of multiple OAM patterns to obtain four-dimensional ring array.And for feeble field region to OAM pattern
The impact of transmission provides the size of receiving area, receiving area with respect between antenna distance and accurate computation schema three
Relation.
Specific mode computation foundationWherein, EmAnd BmGeneration respectively
Table is in the intensity of radiation electric field of m rank sideband and radiation field intensity, JmzAnd WmzRepresent field respectively in m rank sideband along z side
To angular momentum density and energy-flux density.C represents the light velocity of free space.
In sum, due to employing technique scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows：
(1) pass through rational design sequential, four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array can produce multiple OAM ripples, the pattern of generation simultaneously
Value meets | l |<N/2 (N represents ring array number of unit), including positive order mode and negative order mode, the generation of different mode is main
Come from the contribution of sideband, sideband exponent number and OAM pattern exponent number are in corresponding relation.Aerial array form in the present invention was both permissible
The multiformity of Assured Mode can avoid the use of phase shifter and attenuator again and then simplify structure；
(2) due to the presence in OAM pattern feeble field region, the distance of pattern transmission is affected, and effectively improving gain is also
The important goal of the present invention is with respect to " 01 " form single-pole single-throw switch (SPST), permissible using " -1 1 " form single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT)
Significantly lift the energy of each order mode that four-dimensional ring array produces, and improve efficiency and the energy utilization of feeding network
Rate；
(3) it is given at receiving area one timing, receiving position is with respect to the pass between the distance of antenna and the pattern of calculating
System, because feeble field region increases with the increase of pattern count, thus pattern exponent number more high-energy more disperses, it is thus determined that receiving
The position in region, is conducive to preferably receiving each order mode of needs；
(4) be given the pattern that each rank corresponding to the size of different receiving areas calculates be capable of accurate delivery with respect to four
The relation of the vertical dimension of dimension annulus array antenna, this relation is mainly obtained by the feeble field region of each order mode, is conducive to
Diverse location receives the size accurately arranging receiving area during OAM pattern, is easy to accurately receive each order mode of needs.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array structure chart in the present invention.
The hilted broadsword list of " 01 " form that Fig. 2 is adopted by the four-dimensional antenna array for orbital angular momentum wireless communications mode
The sequential chart of throw switch, wherein dash area represent that switch is in the conduction state.
The hilted broadsword list of " 01 " form that Fig. 3 is adopted by the four-dimensional antenna array for orbital angular momentum wireless communications mode
The sequential chart of throw switch, wherein dash area represent that switch is in the conduction state.
The hilted broadsword of " -1 1 " form that Fig. 4 is adopted by the four-dimensional antenna array for orbital angular momentum wireless communications mode
The sequential chart of commutator, " -1 1 " form in this patent represents the opposite in phase of two kinds of on off states.Wherein diagonal line hatches
Part represents that switch connects one state, and grid dash area represents that switch connects " -1 " state.
Fig. 5 is to produce OAM mode of energy comparison diagram using the four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array under Fig. 2-4 switch form.
Fig. 6 for receiving area for radius be 4 λ when, receiving position relative to four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array vertical dimension and based on
Relation between the pattern calculated.
Fig. 7 is that receiving area size and receiving position are with respect to four-dimensional annulus sky in the case of the pattern calculating is accurate
Relation between the vertical dimension of linear array.
Specific embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing, to this
Bright it is described in further detail.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, in the present embodiment, adopt the four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array that 8 Dipole Arrays column units are constituted.This array sky
Line mainly includes antenna element, switch, power splitter and FPGA board.In this symmetric array structure, antenna element is uniform
It is distributed on the annulus of radius R=0.75 λ.Each unit is subject to on-off control, and all of switch is by FPGA board control.
Set by designing three kinds of different sequential and providing four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array and produce the optimal sequential of multiple OAM patterns simultaneously
Meter.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 all sequentially turn on 8 units using " 01 " switch, and dash area representation switch is in the conduction state.At one
In modulation period, Fig. 2 sequential represents each unit and turns on 0.125 cycle, and Fig. 3 represents each unit and turns on 0.875 cycle.
Because Fig. 2 sequence switch ON time is short, each cell operation time short waste that certainly will cause energy in a cycle.Cause
And figure three sequential can significantly lift each order mode energy compared with the sequential in Fig. 2, improve the utilization rate of energy.
Fig. 4 is switched using " -1 1 ", and each unit connects one state successively, and diagonal line hatches part representation switch connects " 1 " shape
State, grid shadow part representation switch connects " -1 " state, because unit is in the conduction state all the time, thus with respect in Fig. 3
Sequential, Fig. 2 sequential remaining each order mode energy all can obtain significantly in the case that pattern l=0 energy is held essentially constant
The lifting of degree, improves capacity usage ratio while improving feeding network efficiency.
Using Fig. 2, the amplitude of each rank OAM pattern that four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array produces under three kinds of timing condition of Fig. 3, Fig. 4
Comparison diagram is as shown in Figure 5.The contrast of in figure each order mode obtains, and produces OAM pattern using Fig. 4 sequential for four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array
This invention has a clear superiority.When Fig. 6 is given at receiving area radius for 4 λ, receiving position is with respect to four-dimensional circular loop antenna battle array
Distance and computation schema accuracy between relation.The amplitude comparison diagram being given by Fig. 5 can obtain OAM pattern feeble field region
Increase this intrinsic property with the increase of pattern exponent number, thus energy is more sent out as well as the increase of pattern exponent number
Dissipate, thus transmission range is shorter.According to this characteristic, The present invention gives receiving area size and the accurate each rank receiving and calculating
The relation of mode position, as shown in Figure 7.This relation obtain mainly utilize each order mode of OAM feeble field area size.Both
Between linear relationship be conducive to determining the accurate position receiving each order mode and area size.
The above, the only specific embodiment of the present invention, any feature disclosed in this specification, except non-specifically
Narration, all can be replaced by other alternative features that are equivalent or having similar purpose；Disclosed all features or all sides
Method or during step, in addition to mutually exclusive feature and/or step, all can be combined in any way.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of four-dimensional antenna array for orbital angular momentum wireless communications mode is it is characterised in that include antenna element composition
Aerial array, high speed RF switch, power divider and FPGA board, wherein each antenna element connect respectively one high
Fast radio-frequency (RF) switch, the periodicity break-make based on default switch conduction sequencing contro high speed RF switch for the FPGA board, produce
Corresponding OAM pattern；Power divider is connected with each antenna element through high speed RF switch；
Described switch conduction sequential be used for realizing each switch sequentially turn in order within modulation period switch time to
Preset switches state, and each switch conduction is identical to the ON time of preset switches state.
If 2. four-dimensional antenna array as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that high speed RF switch is single-pole single-throw switch (SPST),
Preset switches state is " 01 ", wherein 0 corresponding disconnection, 1 corresponding conducting；If high speed RF switch is single-pole double-throw switch (SPDT),
Preset switches state is " -1 1 ", wherein -1 corresponding disconnection, 1 corresponding conducting.
3. four-dimensional antenna array as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that switch conduction sequential is：Each high-speed radio-frequency is opened
Close ON time beWherein TpRepresent modulation period switch time, M represents antenna element number.
4. four-dimensional antenna array as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that switch conduction sequential is：Each high-speed radio-frequency is opened
Close ON time beWherein TpRepresent modulation period switch time, M represents antenna element number.
5. four-dimensional antenna array as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is it is characterised in that switch conduction sequential is：Each high-speed radio-frequency is opened
Close ON time beWherein TpRepresent modulation period switch time, M represents antenna element number.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107493148A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-12-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of determination method in multimode OAM electromagnetic wave optimum receptions region |
| CN109616777A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | Any mode vortex electromagnetic wave production method based on time-modulation array |
| CN110022171A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-16 | 重庆邮电大学 | Power distribution method for OAM-MIMO system |
| CN110139272A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of secret signalling based on random sequence four-dimension ring array |
| WO2020019264A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Feed device, dual-frequency microwave antenna and dual-frequency antenna device |
| CN111403906A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-10 | 电子科技大学 | Beam bunching type multimode electromagnetic vortex generator |
| CN112054313A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-08 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Antenna structure, electronic equipment, antenna structure array method and device |
| CN112930667A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Pseudo-doppler receive architecture for OAM and MIMO transmissions |
| US11165152B2 (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2021-11-02 | Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. | Antenna and electronic device |
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2016
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| A. TENNANT ET AL: "Generation of OAM radio waves using circular time-switched array antenna", 《ELECTRONICS LETTERS》 * |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107493148B (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2021-01-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Method for determining optimal receiving area of multimode OAM electromagnetic wave |
| CN107493148A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-12-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of determination method in multimode OAM electromagnetic wave optimum receptions region |
| WO2020019264A1 (en) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Feed device, dual-frequency microwave antenna and dual-frequency antenna device |
| US11139572B2 (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2021-10-05 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Feed apparatus, dual-band microwave antenna, and dual-band antenna device |
| CN112930667B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2022-08-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Pseudo-doppler receive architecture for OAM and MIMO transmissions |
| CN112930667A (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2021-06-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | Pseudo-doppler receive architecture for OAM and MIMO transmissions |
| CN109616777A (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-04-12 | 西安电子科技大学 | Any mode vortex electromagnetic wave production method based on time-modulation array |
| CN110139272A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-08-16 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of secret signalling based on random sequence four-dimension ring array |
| CN110022171A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-07-16 | 重庆邮电大学 | Power distribution method for OAM-MIMO system |
| CN112054313A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-08 | 北京小米移动软件有限公司 | Antenna structure, electronic equipment, antenna structure array method and device |
| US11165152B2 (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2021-11-02 | Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. | Antenna and electronic device |
| US11664591B2 (en) | 2019-06-06 | 2023-05-30 | Beijing Xiaomi Mobile Software Co., Ltd. | Antenna structure, electronic device and arraying method for antenna structure |
| CN111403906A (en) * | 2020-03-03 | 2020-07-10 | 电子科技大学 | Beam bunching type multimode electromagnetic vortex generator |
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