CN106408165B - A kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerize the method for modeling and its frequency modulation service - Google Patents
A kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerize the method for modeling and its frequency modulation service Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods of a kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling and its frequency modulation service, comprising the following steps: (1) establishes separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model；(2) switch state for considering fixed frequency air conditioner, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmax,Tmin] according to etc. time principles be divided into OFF subsequence and ON subsequence, the number of states of OFF subsequence is Noff, the number of states of ON subsequence is Non, establish the time states polymerization model such as air-conditioning group；(3) it establishes and considers that external control signal and the air-conditioning clustering of compressor of air conditioner locking time close Controlling model；(4) frequency modulation service is provided for system on the basis of Controlling model is closed in air-conditioning clustering, and proposes air-conditioning group's priority stack control strategy.The present invention establishes fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization model, realizes United Dispatching and the control of extensive air conditioner load, provides convenience for relevant departments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the methods of a kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling and its frequency modulation service, belong to fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling
Technology.
Background technique
Currently, pushing Renewable Energy Development, improving energy use efficiency, realize that energy-saving and emission-reduction have become each energy neck
The common recognition in domain.National 19,810,000 kilowatts of adding new capacity of wind-powered electricity generation in 2014, wind-powered electricity generation total installed capacity reaches 95,810,000 kilowatts, occupies generation
Boundary first, it is 8,170,000 kilowatts that solar power generation grid-connecting, which increases capacity newly, and total installation of generating capacity is 26,520,000 kilowatts.Wind-powered electricity generation, solar energy hair
The intermittence new energy such as electricity accesses power grid on a large scale, substantially increases the uncertainty of the direction of energy, steady to the safety of system
Surely huge threat is caused, more stringent requirements are proposed to the self-regulation ability of power grid.On the other hand, although electricity consumption increases
Length eases up, but China's power supply and demand is it is possible to there is interim, locality tense situation.Demand response technology is intelligent electricity
One of core technology of net, can effectively inhibit trend random fluctuation, alleviate supply and demand tension, improve running efficiency of system,
Promote energy-saving and emission-reduction, the Chinese government and associate power enterprise to set up the project by demonstration project, the construction of demand side management experimental city, issue
The measures such as cloth correlation administrative regulation guide the related work for promoting the field energetically.
Effective development of demand response work is established on the basis of being understood in depth and being analyzed to electric load.In recent years
Come, profound change is occurring for the load configuration in China.According to statistics, current China is in Load in Summer peak period, and air conditioner load is
The 30%-40% of peakload is accounted for, the cities such as Beijing, Shanghai have been even up to 50% or so, and huge air conditioner load has become
The constantly soaring major reason constantly deteriorated with part throttle characteristics of peak load, brings power grid security economical operation greatly negative
It influences；And valley power is more than needed, part electrical power generators factory and office result in waste of resources in idle state, greatly reduce system
Operational efficiency.
Air conditioner load participates in demand response and has a high potential as a kind of typical thermal control load.But due to air conditioner load body
Amount is big, has a very wide distribution, brings a series of scheduling problem to traffic department.Therefore, the polymerization of extensive air conditioner load is built
Mould is to study air conditioner load to provide one of the critical issue of various ancillary services for system, for realizing that air conditioner load participates in demand
Respond important role.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling
And its method of frequency modulation service, the main polymerization modeling for studying household and small-business fixed frequency air conditioner system, sufficiently excavation air-conditioning
The scheduling potentiality of load, facilitate the scheduling of relevant departments, provide frequency modulation service for system.
Technical solution: to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerize the method for modeling and its frequency modulation service, includes the following steps:
(1) separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model is established；
(2) switch state for considering fixed frequency air conditioner, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] according to etc. time principles
(i.e. the fixed frequency air conditioner principle equal in the runing time of each temperature range) is divided into OFF subsequence and ON subsequence, OFF
The number of states of sequence is Noff, the number of states of ON subsequence is Non, establish the time states polymerization model such as air-conditioning group；
(3) it establishes and considers that external control signal and the air-conditioning clustering of compressor of air conditioner locking time close Controlling model, sufficiently
The regulation potentiality of fixed frequency air conditioner load are excavated, are provided fundamental basis for fixed frequency air conditioner control strategy；
(4) frequency modulation service is provided for system on the basis of Controlling model is closed in air-conditioning clustering, and proposes air-conditioning group's priority stack control
System strategy realizes the optimal control of air-conditioning group to reduce influence of the control signal to users'comfort.
Specifically, in the step (1), separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model are as follows:
Wherein: ToutFor outdoor temperature, TinFor room temperature, CaFor the equivalent thermal capacitance of air-conditioning, R is the equivalent impedance of air-conditioning,
Q is the refrigerating capacity of air-conditioning, and Q' is the heat dissipation capacity of indoor object, and t is the time；S (t) is switch state of the air-conditioning in t moment, S (t)
=0 indicates that air-conditioning is OFF state, and S (t)=1 indicates that air-conditioning is ON state；
Fixed frequency air conditioner is in cycles in two states: as room temperature TinMore than TmaxWhen, air-conditioning is run with rated power P,
Room temperature TinDecline, air-conditioning is on state at this time；As room temperature TinLower than TminWhen, operation of air conditioner power P is zero, room
Interior temperature TinRise, air-conditioning is in OFF state at this time；Therefore the control law of fixed frequency air conditioner are as follows:
Wherein: Δ t' indicates time variation amount (minimum a period of time)；
The Energy Efficiency Ratio η of fixed frequency air conditioner is definite value, it may be assumed that
It can be obtained according to formula (1), in an air-conditioner operation period, single air conditioner total time t on stateonAre as follows:
It can be obtained according to formula (1), in an air-conditioner operation period, single air conditioner is in the total time t of OFF stateoffAre as follows:
Wherein:TsetFor set temperature, δ is set temperature skip distance.
Specifically, the time states polymerization model such as air-conditioning group is established as follows in the step (2):
(21) it sets in a cycle of operation of separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner, room temperature is first from minimum temperature TminRise to highest
Temperature Tmax, then from maximum temperature TmaxDrop to minimum temperature Tmin, room temperature consecutive variations in a cycle of operation；According to
This combines air-conditioner switch state, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] according to etc. time principles be divided into continuous temperature
SectionCorresponding temperature range number is 1,2 ..., Noff,Noff+1,…,Noff+
Non, in which:Constitute OFF subsequence, R1The lowest temperature of temperature range is Tmin,The temperature of temperature range
The degree upper limit is Tmax, RiThe lowest temperature of temperature range is Ri-1The temperature upper limit of temperature range, RiThe temperature upper limit of temperature range is
Ri+1The lowest temperature of temperature range, during OFF subsequence, air-conditioning is in OFF state；Constitute ON sequence
Column, D1The temperature upper limit of temperature range is Tmax,The lowest temperature of temperature range is Tmin, DiThe temperature upper limit of temperature range
For Di-1The lowest temperature of temperature range, DiThe lowest temperature of temperature range is Di+1The temperature upper limit of temperature range, in ON sequence
During column, air-conditioning is on state；
(22) duration of each scheduling slot of control centre is set as Δ t, after undergoing a scheduling slot, air-conditioning group
The probability for being transferred to next temperature range from a temperature range is indicated with Markov matrix, indicates air-conditioning with x (k)
Group is in the operating status of k-th of scheduling slot initial time, then the recurrence relation of the operating status of entire air-conditioning group indicates are as follows:
X (k+1)=Ax (k) (6)
Wherein: A is (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, withIt indicates to be in R in k-th of scheduling slotiTemperature
The air-conditioning quantity in section is spent,It indicates to be in D in k-th of scheduling slotiThe air-conditioning quantity of temperature range；Then
(23) for extensive air-conditioning group, the value of A suffers from the complexity and accuracy of other relevant calculations
Very big influence, to put it more simply, allow air-conditioning in the runing time of each temperature range as far as possible close to Δ t, then Noff、NonWith Δ t's
Relationship determines as follows:
Wherein: round () indicates the integer value after rounding up；
Since Δ t is relative to tonAnd toffFor it is very short (duration of Δ t be 4 seconds, tonAnd toffDuration
Generally dozens of minutes), Δ t < < tonAnd Δ t < < toff, therefore, it is considered that following formula is set up:
Δtoff=Δ ton=Δ t (9)
Wherein: Δ toffFor the duration of each temperature range in OFF subsequence, Δ tonFor each temperature in ON subsequence
Spend the duration in section；
Can be obtained according to formula (9), undergo after a scheduling slot air-conditioning be fully able to be transferred to from a temperature range it is next
A temperature range, i.e., air-conditioning group is transferred to the probability of next temperature range from a temperature range after one scheduling slot of experience
It is 1, accordingly simplifies the A in formula (6) are as follows:
(24) output power y (k) of the air-conditioning group in k-th of scheduling slot are as follows:
Y (k)=Cx (k) (11)
Wherein:
Specifically, considering that external control signal and the air-conditioning clustering of compressor of air conditioner locking time close in the step (3)
Controlling model is established as follows:
Its service life can be shortened due to opening repeatedly in the compressor short time of fixed frequency air conditioner, when air-conditioning enters OFF state
When, it needs to maintain a locking time tlock=nLΔ t (is less than t when the time that air-conditioning enters OFF statelockWhen, air-conditioning will not
Any control signal is responded, until air-conditioning is unlocked), therefore entire air-conditioning group is divided into freedom in k-th of scheduling slot initial time
State air-conditioning group xa(k) and lock state air-conditioning group xL(k) two parts,
xa(k)=x (k)-xL(k)；Indicate that the locked time is all air-conditionings of (j-1) Δ t, using (nL- j+1) Δ t duration
All air-conditionings are unlocked；
It indicates to be in R in k-th of scheduling slotiTemperature range and locking time be (j-1) Δ t air-conditioning quantity；It is adjusted at k-th
Period initial time is spent, air-conditioning group receives control signal simultaneouslynp
(k) the air-conditioning number for needing to change operating status in all air-conditionings that k-th of scheduling slot is in p number temperature range is indicated
Amount；Air-conditioning clustering is derived respectively according to the property of control signal u (k) closes Controlling model:
(a) when it is OFF state that control signal u (k), which be control section air-conditioning by ON Status Change:
(a1) free state air-conditioning group xa(k) it updates are as follows:
xa(k)=x (k)-u (k)-xL(k) (10)
(a2) it since the effect of control signal u (k), some air-conditioning are OFF state by ON Status Change, immediately enters
Lock state, therefore ,+1 scheduling slot lock state air-conditioning group x of kthL(k+1) are as follows:
xL(k+1)=A (xL(k)+U(k)) (12)
Wherein:Bu (k) is to enter under control signal u (k) effect
The air-conditioning of lock state, B are (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, m row n-th arrange element bmnIndicate m number humidity province
Between air-conditioning responsive control signal u (k) moment enters the probability of n number temperature range afterwards；Only work as Noff+1≤n≤Non+NoffAnd 1
≤m≤NoffB when situationmn0 may be not equal to, b when other situationsmn=0；Work as Noff+1≤n≤Non+NoffAnd 1≤m≤NoffFeelings
When condition, bmnCalculating process it is as follows:
WithWithThe initial temperature and final temperature of n number temperature range are indicated, with m1It indicates in OFF subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number, with m2It indicates in OFF subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number: if m1=m2,
ThenIf m1-m2>=1, use ma(necessarily there is m at this time2+1≤ma≤m1- 1, maValue can have it is multiple, for simplicity
Only use maUnified representation) it indicates to be located at m1And m2Between temperature range number, then m1、maAnd m2When the operation of number temperature range
BetweenWithIt is respectively as follows:
If air conditioner load is uniformly distributed in time, then the air conditioner load of n number temperature range enters m1、maAnd m2Number
The probability of temperature range are as follows:
Wherein:Indicate m1The initial temperature of number temperature range,Indicate m2The initial temperature of number temperature range,WithIndicate maThe initial temperature and final temperature of number temperature range；
(a3) after undergoing a scheduling slot, xL(k+1) locking time of locking air-conditioning reduces Δ t in, in xL(k+1) square
The element of each column is shown as in battle arrayColumn coordinate add 1, some air-conditioning becomes free state from lock state,
Some air-conditioning becomes lock state, therefore, x from free state simultaneouslyL(k+1) further amendment are as follows:
Wherein: A'xa(k) it indicates the air-conditioning for becoming lock state from free state, i.e., OFF state is become from ON state
Air-conditioning, namely enter 1 number temperature range in air-conditioning, therefore A' be (a Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix,
The first row element of A' and the first row element of A are identical, and remaining element of A' is 0；
(a4) the recurrence relation x (k) of the operating status of entire air-conditioning group updates are as follows:
X (k+1)=A (x (k)+B'u (k)) (16)
Wherein: B' is (a Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix: in m=n and n >=NoffWhen+1 situation, the n-th of B'
The element that row n-th arranges is b'nnRemaining element of=- 1, B' and remaining element of B are identical；In m ≠ n situation, all members of B'
Element is identical as all elements of B；
(a5)+1 scheduling slot free state air-conditioning group x of ktha(k+1) are as follows:
xa(k+1)=x (k+1)-xL(k+1) (17)
(b) when controlling signal u (k) is that control section air-conditioning is changed to ON state by OFF state:
(b1) free state air-conditioning group xa(k) it updates are as follows:
xa(k)=x (k)+Du (k)-xL(k) (18)
Wherein: D is (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, the i-th row jth column element dijIndicate j number temperature range
Air-conditioning responsive control signal u (k) moment enters the probability of i number temperature range afterwards, as 1≤j≤NoffWhen, the jth row jth of D
The element d of columnjj=-1；Only work as Noff+1≤i≤Noff+NonAnd 1≤j≤NoffD when situationij0, when other situations may be not equal to
dij=0；Work as Noff+1≤i≤Noff+NonAnd 1≤j≤NoffWhen situation, dijCalculating process it is as follows:
WithWithThe initial temperature and final temperature of j number temperature range are indicated, with i1It indicates in ON subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number, with i2It indicates in ON subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number: if i1=i2,
ThenIf i1-i2>=1, use ia(necessarily there is i at this time2+1≤ia≤i1- 1, iaValue can have it is multiple, for simplicity only
Use iaUnified amount indicates) it indicates to be located at i2And i1Between temperature range number, then i1、iaAnd i2When the operation of number temperature range
BetweenWithIt is respectively as follows:
If air conditioner load is uniformly distributed in time, then the air conditioner load of j number temperature range enters i1、iaAnd i2Number
The probability of temperature range are as follows:
Wherein:Indicate i1The initial temperature of the temperature range of number,Indicate i2The termination of the temperature range of number
Temperature,WithIndicate iaThe initial temperature and final temperature of the temperature range of number；
(b2)+1 scheduling slot lock state air-conditioning group x of kthL(k+1) influence of uncontrolled signal u (k):
xL(k+1)=AxL(k) (21)
(b3) after undergoing a scheduling slot, xL(k+1) locking time of locking air-conditioning reduces Δ t in, in xL(k+1) square
The element of each column is shown as in battle arrayColumn coordinate add 1, some air-conditioning becomes free state from lock state,
Some air-conditioning becomes lock state, therefore, x from free state simultaneouslyL(k+1) it corrects are as follows:
(b4) the recurrence relation x (k) of the operating status of entire air-conditioning group updates are as follows:
X (k+1)=A (x (k)+Du (k)) (23)
(b5)+1 scheduling slot free state air-conditioning group x of ktha(k+1) are as follows:
xa(k+1)=x (k+1)-xL(k+1) (24)
It includes updating and revised x that Controlling model is closed in air-conditioning clusteringL(k+1)、xa(k+1) and x (k+1) three parts.
The above are the polymerization of same type air conditioner load modelings can be used k-means for different types of air conditioner load
Algorithm is divided into several groups by its parameter similarity, and every group of air-conditioning thinks that its parameter is similar, carries out polymerization modeling in aforementioned manners, then
The sum of the model algebra that the polymerization model of entire air-conditioning group is several groups.
Specifically, priority stack control strategy includes the following steps: in the step (4)
(41) k-th of scheduling slot system is set to the schedule power of air-conditioning group as PL(k), the adjustment power that air-conditioning group needs
Δ P (k) are as follows:
Δ P (k)=PL(k)-y(k) (25)
(42) according to adjustment power Δ P (k) to the air-conditioning group x of free statea(k) it is ranked up, is divided into following two feelings
Condition:
1. illustrating that air-conditioning group needs to open part air-conditioning to increase load, then first by the sky of free state if Δ P (k) >=0
Tone group xa(k) air-conditioning of OFF subsequence sorts from high to low according to temperature in, in order successively cumulative calculation air conditioner load can
Schedule power, until accumulative schedulable power meets the adjustment power demand of system function；
2. illustrating that air-conditioning group needs to close part air-conditioning to reduce load, then first by the sky of free state if Δ P (k) < 0
Tone group xa(k) air-conditioning of ON subsequence sorts from low to high according to temperature in, in order successively cumulative calculation air conditioner load can
Schedule power, until accumulative schedulable power meets the adjustment power demand of system function；
(43) using the air-conditioning for being used for the schedulable power of cumulative calculation as the air-conditioning for needing to change operating status, kth is counted
A scheduling slot is in all air-conditionings of p number temperature range the air-conditioning quantity n for needing to change operating statusp(k), control is generated
Signal u (k) processed is simultaneously handed down to air-conditioning group.
The utility model has the advantages that the method for fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling provided by the invention and its frequency modulation service, constructs extensive
The polymerization model of fixed frequency air conditioner has sufficiently excavated the potentiality that air-conditioning group participates in demand response, has facilitated system call, negative for air-conditioning
The formulation that lotus controls signal provides foundation.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is general flow chart of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the polymerization model of fixed frequency air conditioner；
Fig. 3 is the calculating schematic diagram of the B in the case where controlling signal；
Fig. 4 is when control signal is air-conditioning group's state transition diagram in the case of opening part air-conditioning；
Fig. 5 is the calculating schematic diagram of the D in the case where controlling signal；
Fig. 6 is when control signal is air-conditioning group's state transition diagram in the case of closing part air-conditioning.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1 for a kind of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling and its frequency modulation service method, below with regard to each specific steps
Realization illustrated.
Step 1: separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model is established.
Separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model are as follows:
Wherein: ToutFor outdoor temperature, TinFor room temperature, CaFor the equivalent thermal capacitance of air-conditioning, R is the equivalent impedance of air-conditioning,
Q is the refrigerating capacity of air-conditioning, and Q' is the heat dissipation capacity of indoor object, and t is the time；S (t) is switch state of the air-conditioning in t moment, S (t)
=0 indicates that air-conditioning is OFF state, and S (t)=1 indicates that air-conditioning is ON state.
Fixed frequency air conditioner is in cycles in two states: as room temperature TinMore than TmaxWhen, air-conditioning is run with rated power P,
Room temperature TinDecline, air-conditioning is on state at this time；As room temperature TinLower than TminWhen, operation of air conditioner power P is zero, room
Interior temperature TinRise, air-conditioning is in OFF state at this time；Therefore the control law of fixed frequency air conditioner are as follows:
Wherein: Δ t' indicates time variation amount (minimum a period of time).
The Energy Efficiency Ratio η of fixed frequency air conditioner is definite value, it may be assumed that
It can be obtained according to formula (1), in an air-conditioner operation period, single air conditioner total time t on stateonAre as follows:
It can be obtained according to formula (1), in an air-conditioner operation period, single air conditioner is in the total time t of OFF stateoffAre as follows:
Wherein:TsetFor set temperature, δ is set temperature skip distance.
Step 2: considering the switch state of fixed frequency air conditioner, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] former according to equal times
Then (i.e. the fixed frequency air conditioner principle equal in the runing time of each temperature range) is divided into OFF subsequence and ON subsequence, OFF
The number of states of subsequence is Noff, the number of states of ON subsequence is Non, the time states polymerization model such as air-conditioning group is established, is had
Body is shown in Fig. 2.
(21) it sets in a cycle of operation of separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner, room temperature is first from minimum temperature TminRise to highest
Temperature Tmax, then from maximum temperature TmaxDrop to minimum temperature Tmin, room temperature consecutive variations in a cycle of operation；According to
This combines air-conditioner switch state, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] according to etc. time principles be divided into continuous temperature
SectionCorresponding temperature range number is 1,2 ..., Noff,Noff+1,…,Noff+
Non, in which:Constitute OFF subsequence, R1The lowest temperature of temperature range is Tmin,The temperature of temperature range
The degree upper limit is Tmax, RiThe lowest temperature of temperature range is Ri-1The temperature upper limit of temperature range, RiThe temperature upper limit of temperature range is
Ri+1The lowest temperature of temperature range, during OFF subsequence, air-conditioning is in OFF state；Constitute ON sequence
Column, D1The temperature upper limit of temperature range is Tmax,The lowest temperature of temperature range is Tmin, DiThe temperature upper limit of temperature range
For Di-1The lowest temperature of temperature range, DiThe lowest temperature of temperature range is Di+1The temperature upper limit of temperature range, in ON sequence
During column, air-conditioning is on state.
(22) duration of each scheduling slot of control centre is set as Δ t, after undergoing a scheduling slot, air-conditioning group
The probability for being transferred to next temperature range from a temperature range is indicated with Markov matrix, indicates air-conditioning with x (k)
Group is in the operating status of k-th of scheduling slot initial time, then the recurrence relation of the operating status of entire air-conditioning group indicates are as follows:
X (k+1)=Ax (k) (6)
Wherein: A is (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, withIt indicates to be in R in k-th of scheduling slotiTemperature
The air-conditioning quantity in section is spent,It indicates to be in D in k-th of scheduling slotiThe air-conditioning quantity of temperature range；Then
(23) for extensive air-conditioning group, the value of A suffers from the complexity and accuracy of other relevant calculations
Very big influence, to put it more simply, allow air-conditioning in the runing time of each temperature range as far as possible close to Δ t, then Noff、NonWith Δ t's
Relationship determines as follows:
Wherein: round () indicates the integer value after rounding up.
Since Δ t is relative to tonAnd toffFor it is very short (duration of Δ t be 4 seconds, tonAnd toffDuration
Generally dozens of minutes), Δ t < < tonAnd Δ t < < toff, therefore, it is considered that following formula is set up:
Δtoff=Δ ton=Δ t (9)
Wherein: Δ toffFor the duration of each temperature range in OFF subsequence, Δ tonFor each temperature in ON subsequence
Spend the duration in section.
Can be obtained according to formula (9), undergo after a scheduling slot air-conditioning be fully able to be transferred to from a temperature range it is next
A temperature range, i.e., air-conditioning group is transferred to the probability of next temperature range from a temperature range after one scheduling slot of experience
It is 1, accordingly simplifies the A in formula (6) are as follows:
(24) output power y (k) of the air-conditioning group in k-th of scheduling slot are as follows:
Y (k)=Cx (k) (11)
Wherein:
Step 3: establishing and consider that external control signal and the air-conditioning clustering of compressor of air conditioner locking time close Controlling model,
The regulation potentiality for sufficiently excavating fixed frequency air conditioner load, provide fundamental basis for fixed frequency air conditioner control strategy.
Its service life can be shortened due to opening repeatedly in the compressor short time of fixed frequency air conditioner, when air-conditioning enters OFF shape
When state, need to maintain a locking time tlock=nLΔ t (is less than when the time that air-conditioning enters OFF state
tlockWhen, air-conditioning will not respond any control signal, until air-conditioning is unlocked), therefore when k-th of scheduling slot is initial
It carves and entire air-conditioning group is divided into free state air-conditioning group xa(k) and lock state air-conditioning group xL(k) two parts,xa(k)=x (k)-xL(k)；When indicating locked
Between be (j-1) Δ t all air-conditionings, using (nL- j+1) Δ t duration all air-conditionings are unlocked；It indicates to adjust at k-th
Spending the period is in RiTemperature range and locking time be (j-1) Δ t air-conditioning quantity；When k-th of scheduling slot is initial
It carves, air-conditioning group receives control signal simultaneouslynp(k) it indicates in kth
A scheduling slot is in all air-conditionings of p number temperature range the air-conditioning quantity for needing to change operating status.
Air-conditioning clustering is derived respectively according to the property of control signal u (k) closes Controlling model:
(a) when it is OFF state that control signal u (k), which be control section air-conditioning by ON Status Change:
(a1) free state air-conditioning group xa(k) it updates are as follows:
xa(k)=x (k)-u (k)-xL(k) (10)
(a2) it since the effect of control signal u (k), some air-conditioning are OFF state by ON Status Change, immediately enters
Lock state, therefore ,+1 scheduling slot lock state air-conditioning group x of kthL(k+1) are as follows:
xL(k+1)=A (xL(k)+U(k)) (12)
Wherein:Bu (k) is to enter under control signal u (k) effect
The air-conditioning of lock state, B are (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, m row n-th arrange element bmnIndicate m number humidity province
Between air-conditioning responsive control signal u (k) moment enters the probability of n number temperature range afterwards；Only work as Noff+1≤n≤Non+NoffAnd 1
≤m≤NoffB when situationmn0 may be not equal to, b when other situationsmn=0；Work as Noff+1≤n≤Non+NoffAnd 1≤m≤NoffFeelings
When condition, bmnCalculating schematic diagram see Fig. 3, detailed process is as follows.
WithWithThe initial temperature and final temperature of n number temperature range are indicated, with m1It indicates in OFF subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number, with m2It indicates in OFF subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number: if m1=m2,
ThenIf m1-m2>=1, use ma(necessarily there is m at this time2+1≤ma≤m1- 1, maValue can have it is multiple, for simplicity
Only use maUnified representation) it indicates to be located at m1And m2Between temperature range number, then m1、maAnd m2When the operation of number temperature range
BetweenWithIt is respectively as follows:
If air conditioner load is uniformly distributed in time, then the air conditioner load of n number temperature range enters m1、maAnd m2Number
The probability of temperature range are as follows:
Wherein:Indicate m1The initial temperature of number temperature range,Indicate m2The initial temperature of number temperature range,WithIndicate maThe initial temperature and final temperature of number temperature range.
(a3) after undergoing a scheduling slot, xL(k+1) locking time of locking air-conditioning reduces Δ t in, in xL(k+1) square
The element of each column is shown as in battle arrayColumn coordinate add 1, some air-conditioning becomes free state from lock state,
Some air-conditioning becomes lock state, therefore, x from free state simultaneouslyL(k+1) further amendment are as follows:
Wherein: A'xa(k) it indicates the air-conditioning for becoming lock state from free state, i.e., OFF state is become from ON state
Air-conditioning, namely enter 1 number temperature range in air-conditioning, therefore A' be (a Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix,
The first row element of A' and the first row element of A are identical, and remaining element of A' is 0.
(a4) the recurrence relation x (k) of the operating status of entire air-conditioning group updates are as follows:
X (k+1)=A (x (k)+B'u (k)) (16)
Wherein: B' is (a Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix: in m=n and n >=NoffWhen+1 situation, the n-th of B'
The element that row n-th arranges is b'nnRemaining element of=- 1, B' and remaining element of B are identical；In m ≠ n situation, all members of B'
Element is identical as all elements of B.The whole service state conversion process of air-conditioning group is shown in Fig. 4.
(a5)+1 scheduling slot free state air-conditioning group x of ktha(k+1) are as follows:
xa(k+1)=x (k+1)-xL(k+1) (17)
(b) when controlling signal u (k) is that control section air-conditioning is changed to ON state by OFF state:
(b1) free state air-conditioning group xa(k) it updates are as follows:
xa(k)=x (k)+Du (k)-xL(k) (18)
Wherein: D is (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, the i-th row jth column element dijIndicate j number temperature range
Air-conditioning responsive control signal u (k) moment enters the probability of i number temperature range afterwards, as 1≤j≤NoffWhen, the jth row jth of D
The element d of columnjj=-1；Only work as Noff+1≤i≤Noff+NonAnd 1≤j≤NoffD when situationij0, when other situations may be not equal to
dij=0；Work as Noff+1≤i≤Noff+NonAnd 1≤j≤NoffWhen situation, dijCalculating schematic diagram as shown in figure 5, detailed process such as
Under.
WithWithThe initial temperature and final temperature of j number temperature range are indicated, with i1It indicates in ON subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number, with i2It indicates in ON subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number: if i1=i2,
ThenIf i1-i2>=1, use ia(necessarily there is i at this time2+1≤ia≤i1- 1, iaValue can have it is multiple, for simplicity only
Use iaUnified amount indicates) it indicates to be located at i2And i1Between temperature range number, then i1、iaAnd i2When the operation of number temperature range
BetweenWithIt is respectively as follows:
If air conditioner load is uniformly distributed in time, then the air conditioner load of j number temperature range enters i1、iaAnd i2Number
The probability of temperature range are as follows:
Wherein:Indicate i1The initial temperature of the temperature range of number,Indicate i2The termination temperature of the temperature range of number
Degree,WithIndicate iaThe initial temperature and final temperature of the temperature range of number.
(b2)+1 scheduling slot lock state air-conditioning group x of kthL(k+1) influence of uncontrolled signal u (k):
xL(k+1)=AxL(k) (21)
(b3) after undergoing a scheduling slot, xL(k+1) locking time of locking air-conditioning reduces Δ t in, in xL(k+1) square
The element of each column is shown as in battle arrayColumn coordinate add 1, some air-conditioning becomes free state from lock state,
Some air-conditioning becomes lock state, therefore, x from free state simultaneouslyL(k+1) it corrects are as follows:
(b4) the operating status schematic diagram of entire air-conditioning group is as shown in fig. 6, its recurrence relation x (k) updates are as follows:
X (k+1)=A (x (k)+Du (k)) (23)
It should be noted that Wu (k) indicates the sky that the state increased newly under control signal u (k) effect is ON in Fig. 6
It adjusts, W and D have similar element, and the two is only difference is that the diagonal entry of W is 0.
(b5)+1 scheduling slot free state air-conditioning group x of ktha(k+1) are as follows:
xa(k+1)=x (k+1)-xL(k+1) (24)
The above are the polymerization of same type air conditioner load modelings can be used k-means for different types of air conditioner load
Algorithm is divided into several groups by its parameter similarity, and every group of air-conditioning thinks that its parameter is similar, carries out polymerization modeling in aforementioned manners, then
The sum of the model algebra that the polymerization model of entire air-conditioning group is several groups.
Step 4: frequency modulation service is provided for system on the basis of Controlling model is closed in air-conditioning clustering, and proposes that air-conditioning group is preferential
Stack control strategy realizes the optimal control of air-conditioning group to reduce influence of the control signal to users'comfort.
(41) k-th of scheduling slot system is set to the schedule power of air-conditioning group as PL(k), the adjustment power that air-conditioning group needs
Δ P (k) are as follows:
Δ P (k)=PL(k)-y(k) (25)
(42) according to adjustment power Δ P (k) to the air-conditioning group x of free statea(k) it is ranked up, is divided into following two feelings
Condition:
1. illustrating that air-conditioning group needs to open part air-conditioning to increase load, then first by the sky of free state if Δ P (k) >=0
Tone group xa(k) air-conditioning of OFF subsequence sorts from high to low according to temperature in, in order successively cumulative calculation air conditioner load can
Schedule power, until accumulative schedulable power meets the adjustment power demand of system function；
2. illustrating that air-conditioning group needs to close part air-conditioning to reduce load, then first by the sky of free state if Δ P (k) < 0
Tone group xa(k) air-conditioning of ON subsequence sorts from low to high according to temperature in, in order successively cumulative calculation air conditioner load can
Schedule power, until accumulative schedulable power meets the adjustment power demand of system function；
(43) using the air-conditioning for being used for the schedulable power of cumulative calculation as the air-conditioning for needing to change operating status, kth is counted
A scheduling slot is in all air-conditionings of p number temperature range the air-conditioning quantity n for needing to change operating statusp(k), control is generated
Signal u (k) processed is simultaneously handed down to air-conditioning group.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method of fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling and its frequency modulation service, characterized by the following steps:
(1) separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model is established；Separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner basic model are as follows:
Wherein: ToutFor outdoor temperature, TinFor room temperature, CaFor the equivalent thermal capacitance of air-conditioning, R is the equivalent impedance of air-conditioning, and Q is
The refrigerating capacity of air-conditioning, Q' are the heat dissipation capacity of indoor object, and t is the time；S (t) is switch state of the air-conditioning in t moment, S (t)=0
Expression air-conditioning is OFF state, and S (t)=1 indicates that air-conditioning is ON state；
Fixed frequency air conditioner is in cycles in two states: as room temperature TinMore than TmaxWhen, air-conditioning is indoor with rated power P operation
Temperature TinDecline, air-conditioning is on state at this time；As room temperature TinLower than TminWhen, operation of air conditioner power P is zero, Indoor Temperature
Spend TinRise, air-conditioning is in OFF state at this time；Therefore the control law of fixed frequency air conditioner are as follows:
Wherein: Δ t' indicates a tiny time variable quantity；
The Energy Efficiency Ratio η of fixed frequency air conditioner is definite value, it may be assumed that
It can be obtained according to formula (1), in an air-conditioner operation period, single air conditioner total time t on stateonAre as follows:
It can be obtained according to formula (1), in an air-conditioner operation period, single air conditioner is in the total time t of OFF stateoffAre as follows:
Wherein:TsetFor set temperature, δ is set temperature skip distance；
(2) switch state for considering fixed frequency air conditioner, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] according to etc. time principles be divided into
OFF subsequence and ON subsequence, the number of states of OFF subsequence are Noff, the number of states of ON subsequence is Non, establish air-conditioning
The time states polymerization models such as group；The time states polymerization model such as air-conditioning group is established as follows:
(21) it sets in a cycle of operation of separate unit fixed frequency air conditioner, room temperature is first from minimum temperature TminRise to maximum temperature
Tmax, then from maximum temperature TmaxDrop to minimum temperature Tmin, room temperature consecutive variations in a cycle of operation；It ties accordingly
Air-conditioner switch state is closed, by indoor set temperature dead zone [Tmin,Tmax] according to etc. time principles be divided into continuous temperature rangeCorresponding temperature range number is 1,2 ..., Noff,Noff+1,…,Noff+Non,
In:Constitute OFF subsequence, R1The lowest temperature of temperature range is Tmin,The temperature upper limit of temperature range
For Tmax, RiThe lowest temperature of temperature range is Ri-1The temperature upper limit of temperature range, RiThe temperature upper limit of temperature range is Ri+1Temperature
The lowest temperature in section is spent, during OFF subsequence, air-conditioning is in OFF state；Constitute ON subsequence, D1
The temperature upper limit of temperature range is Tmax,The lowest temperature of temperature range is Tmin, DiThe temperature upper limit of temperature range is Di-1
The lowest temperature of temperature range, DiThe lowest temperature of temperature range is Di+1The temperature upper limit of temperature range, in the ON subsequence phase
Between, air-conditioning is on state；
(22) duration of each scheduling slot of control centre is set as Δ t, after undergoing a scheduling slot, air-conditioning group is from one
The probability that a temperature range is transferred to next temperature range is indicated with Markov matrix, indicates entire air-conditioning with x (k)
Group is in the operating status of k-th of scheduling slot initial time, then the recurrence relation of entire air-conditioning group operating status x (k) indicates are as follows:
X (k+1)=Ax (k) (6)
Wherein: A is (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, withIt indicates to be in R in k-th of scheduling sloti
The air-conditioning quantity of temperature range,It indicates to be in D in k-th of scheduling slotiThe air-conditioning quantity of temperature range；Then
(23)Noff、NonIt is determined as follows with the relationship of Δ t:
Wherein: round () indicates the integer value after rounding up；
Due to Δ t < < tonAnd Δ t < < toff, therefore, it is considered that following formula is set up:
Δtoff=Δ ton=Δ t (9)
Wherein: Δ toffFor the duration of each temperature range in OFF subsequence, Δ tonFor each humidity province in ON subsequence
Between duration；
It can be obtained according to formula (9), air-conditioning after a scheduling slot is undergone to be fully able to be transferred to next temperature from a temperature range
Spend section, i.e., it is 1 that air-conditioning group, which is transferred to the probability of next temperature range from a temperature range, after one scheduling slot of experience,
The A in formula (6) is simplified accordingly are as follows:
(24) output power y (k) of the air-conditioning group in k-th of scheduling slot are as follows:
Y (k)=Cx (k) (11)
Wherein:
(3) it establishes and considers that external control signal and the air-conditioning clustering of compressor of air conditioner locking time close Controlling model；
(4) frequency modulation service is provided for system on the basis of Controlling model is closed in air-conditioning clustering, and proposes that air-conditioning group's priority stack controls plan
Slightly.
2. the method for fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling according to claim 1 and its frequency modulation service, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly in (3), consider that external control signal and the air-conditioning clustering of compressor of air conditioner locking time close Controlling model as follows
It establishes:
When air-conditioning enters OFF state, need to maintain a locking time tlock=nLΔ t, thus it is initial in k-th of scheduling slot
The operating status x (k) of entire air-conditioning group is divided into free state x by the momenta(k) and lock state xL(k) two parts are locked air-conditioning
The operating status of group is expressed asThe operation shape of free state air-conditioning group
State is expressed as xa(k)=x (k)-xL(k)；Indicate that the locked time is all air-conditionings of (j-1) Δ t, using (nL-j+
1) Δ t duration all air-conditionings are unlocked； It indicates to be in R in k-th of scheduling slotiTemperature range and locking time be (j-1) Δ t air-conditioning quantity；?
K-th of scheduling slot initial time, air-conditioning group receive control signal simultaneouslynp(k) it indicates to be in p number humidity province in k-th of scheduling slot
Between all air-conditionings in need to change the air-conditioning quantity of operating status；Air-conditioning group is derived respectively according to the property of control signal u (k)
It polymerize Controlling model:
(a) when it is OFF state that control signal u (k), which be control section air-conditioning by ON Status Change:
(a1) free state air-conditioning group operating status xa(k) it updates are as follows:
xa(k)=x (k)-u (k)-xL(k) (10)
(a2) since the effect of control signal u (k), some air-conditioning are OFF state by ON Status Change, locking is immediately entered
State, therefore ,+1 scheduling slot lock state air-conditioning group's operating status x of kthL(k+1) are as follows:
xL(k+1)=A (xL(k)+U(k)) (12)
Wherein:Bu (k) is to enter locking under control signal u (k) effect
The operating status of state air-conditioning, B are (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, m row n-th arrange element bmnIndicate m number temperature
Spending the air-conditioning responsive control signal u (k) in section, moment enters the probability of n number temperature range afterwards；Only work as Noff+1≤n≤Non+
NoffAnd 1≤m≤NoffB when situationmn0 may be not equal to, b when other situationsmn=0；Work as Noff+1≤n≤Non+NoffAnd 1≤m≤
NoffWhen situation, bmnCalculating process it is as follows:
WithWithThe initial temperature and final temperature of n number temperature range are indicated, with m1It indicates in OFF subsequenceInstitute
Corresponding temperature range number, with m2It indicates in OFF subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number: if m1=m2, thenIf m1-m2>=1, use maIt indicates to be located at m1And m2Between temperature range number, then m1、maAnd m2Number temperature range
Runing timeWithIt is respectively as follows:
If air conditioner load is uniformly distributed in time, then the air conditioner load of n number temperature range enters m1、maAnd m2Number temperature
The probability in section are as follows:
Wherein:Indicate m1The initial temperature of number temperature range,Indicate m2The initial temperature of number temperature range,WithIndicate maThe initial temperature and final temperature of number temperature range；
(a3) after undergoing a scheduling slot, xL(k+1) locking time of locking air-conditioning reduces Δ t in, in xL(k+1) in matrix
Show as the element of each columnColumn coordinate add 1, some air-conditioning becomes free state from lock state, simultaneously
Some air-conditioning becomes lock state, therefore, x from free stateL(k+1) further amendment are as follows:
Wherein: A'xa(k) it indicates the air-conditioning for becoming lock state from free state, i.e., becomes the sky of OFF state from ON state
It adjusts, namely enters the air-conditioning in the temperature range that 1 numbers, therefore A' is (a Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, A''s
First row element is identical as the first row element of A, and remaining element of A' is 0；
(a4) recurrence relation of entire air-conditioning group operating status x (k) updates are as follows:
X (k+1)=A (x (k)+B'u (k)) (16)
Wherein: B' is (a Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix: in m=n and n >=NoffWhen+1 situation, the line n n-th of B'
The element of column is b 'nnRemaining element of=- 1, B' and remaining element of B are identical；In m ≠ n situation, all elements of B' with
The all elements of B are identical；
(a5)+1 scheduling slot free state air-conditioning group's operating status x of ktha(k+1) are as follows:
xa(k+1)=x (k+1)-xL(k+1) (17)
(b) when controlling signal u (k) is that control section air-conditioning is changed to ON state by OFF state:
(b1) free state air-conditioning group operating status xa(k) it updates are as follows:
xa(k)=x (k)+Du (k)-xL(k) (18)
Wherein: D is (Noff+Non)×(Noff+Non) matrix, the i-th row jth column element dijIndicate the sky of j number temperature range
Adjusting responsive control signal u (k), moment enters the probability of i number temperature range afterwards, as 1≤j≤NoffWhen, the jth row jth column of D
Element djj=-1；Only work as Noff+1≤i≤Noff+NonAnd 1≤j≤NoffD when situationij0 may be not equal to, d when other situationsij=
0；Work as Noff+1≤i≤Noff+NonAnd 1≤j≤NoffWhen situation, dijCalculating process it is as follows:
WithWithThe initial temperature and final temperature of j number temperature range are indicated, with i1It indicates in ON subsequenceInstitute
Corresponding temperature range number, with i2It indicates in ON subsequenceCorresponding temperature range number: if i1=i2, then di1j
=1；If i1-i2>=1, use iaIt indicates to be located at i2And i1Between temperature range number, then i1、iaAnd i2The fortune of number temperature range
The row timeWithIt is respectively as follows:
If air conditioner load is uniformly distributed in time, then the air conditioner load of j number temperature range enters i1、iaAnd i2Number temperature
The probability in section are as follows:
Wherein:Indicate i1The initial temperature of the temperature range of number,Indicate i2The final temperature of the temperature range of number,WithIndicate iaThe initial temperature and final temperature of the temperature range of number；
(b2)+1 scheduling slot lock state air-conditioning group's operating status x of kthL(k+1) influence of uncontrolled signal u (k):
xL(k+1)=AxL(k) (21)
(b3) after undergoing a scheduling slot, xL(k+1) locking time of locking air-conditioning reduces Δ t in, in xL(k+1) in matrix
Show as the element of each columnColumn coordinate add 1, some air-conditioning becomes free state from lock state, simultaneously
Some air-conditioning becomes lock state, therefore, x from free stateL(k+1) it corrects are as follows:
(b4) recurrence relation of entire air-conditioning group operating status x (k) updates are as follows:
X (k+1)=A (x (k)+Du (k)) (23)
(b5)+1 scheduling slot free state air-conditioning group's operating status x of ktha(k+1) are as follows:
xa(k+1)=x (k+1)-xL(k+1) (24)
It includes updating and revised x that Controlling model is closed in air-conditioning clusteringL(k+1)、xa(k+1) and x (k+1) three parts.
3. the method for fixed frequency air conditioner polymerization modeling according to claim 1 and its frequency modulation service, it is characterised in that: the step
Suddenly in (4), priority stack control strategy includes the following steps:
(41) k-th of scheduling slot system is set to the schedule power of air-conditioning group as PL(k), the adjustment power Δ P that air-conditioning group needs
(k) are as follows:
Δ P (k)=PL(k)-y(k) (25)
(42) according to adjustment power Δ P (k) to the air-conditioning group x of free statea(k) it is ranked up, is divided into following two situation:
1. illustrating that air-conditioning group needs to open part air-conditioning to increase load, then first by the air-conditioning group of free state if Δ P (k) >=0
xa(k) air-conditioning of OFF subsequence sorts from high to low according to temperature in, and successively cumulative calculation air conditioner load is schedulable in order
Power, until accumulative schedulable power meets the adjustment power demand of system function；
2. illustrating that air-conditioning group needs to close part air-conditioning to reduce load, then first by the air-conditioning group of free state if Δ P (k) < 0
xa(k) air-conditioning of ON subsequence sorts from low to high according to temperature in, and successively cumulative calculation air conditioner load is schedulable in order
Power, until accumulative schedulable power meets the adjustment power demand of system function；
(43) using the air-conditioning for being used for the schedulable power of cumulative calculation as the air-conditioning for needing to change operating status, k-th of tune is counted
Spending the period is in all air-conditionings of p number temperature range the air-conditioning quantity n for needing to change operating statusp(k), control letter is generated
Number u (k) is simultaneously handed down to air-conditioning group.
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