CN106407972A - High speed multispectral image sensor and data transmission method - Google Patents
High speed multispectral image sensor and data transmission method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106407972A CN106407972A CN201610828618.6A CN201610828618A CN106407972A CN 106407972 A CN106407972 A CN 106407972A CN 201610828618 A CN201610828618 A CN 201610828618A CN 106407972 A CN106407972 A CN 106407972A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high speed multispectral image sensor including a I spectral section pixel array and a corresponding I reading channel, a II spectral section pixel array and a corresponding II reading channel, a III spectral section pixel array and a corresponding III reading channel, ... an n spectral section pixel array and a corresponding n reading channel all integrated on an image sensor chip, and a signal gating module integrated on the image sensor chip. For any spectral section pixel array with high priority, a part of row pixels thereof are connected to the reading channel corresponding to the spectral section pixel array through a row selection switch, and the rest of the row pixels are connected to the reading channels corresponding to the common-level spectral section pixel arrays respectively through the signal gating module. The multispectral image sensor has the advantages of sharing the reading channels, can store and integrate pixels from other channels, and thus improves the scanning speed. For the image sensor with n spectral sections, the data output efficiency can be improved by n times.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to multi-optical spectrum image sensor technical field and in particular on a kind of piece integrated gating module realize figure
As sensor high speed data transfer, the high speed TDI image dough-making powder system of battle formations as data output high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor and its
Data transmission method.
Background technology
Multi-optical spectrum image sensor is a kind of photodetector being capable of capture images feature and spectral information, due to passing through
Cordless obtains the radiation of object and reflective information, it is widely used in survey of territorial resources, precision agriculture produces and
In the military civilian detection technologies such as remote sensing of the earth scouting.The basic function module framework of multi-optical spectrum image sensor is as shown in Figure 1.
In order to capture the optical information of multiple different spectral coverage simultaneously, imageing sensor is the pel array sensing special spectral coverage and signal
Read passage to integrate, by sequencing contro drive circuit, by the spectral information of capture from the corresponding passage of each spectral coverage
Middle output.Wherein each spectral coverage pixel and reading circuit framework are as shown in Fig. 2 each column pixel of spectral coverage shares a digital independent
Passage, imageing sensor can only export one-row pixels information every time.When following the tracks of for mass detection or high-speed moving object,
Mass data Serial output can propose higher requirement to sensor frame transfer speed.
Content of the invention：
For above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides a kind of high speed being capable of high priority spectral coverage image defeated
Go out, effectively improve high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor and its data transmission method of pixel transfer rate.
The high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor of the present invention includes the I spectral coverage pel array being integrated on image sensor chip
And corresponding I read passage, II spectral coverage pel array and corresponding II read passage, III spectral coverage pel array and with
Corresponding III read passage ... n spectral coverage pel array and corresponding n read passage；Characterized by further comprising collection
Become the signal gating module on image sensor chip；For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its partly row pixel
Switch is selected to be connected to this spectral coverage pel array corresponding reading passage by row, remaining row pixel passes through signal gating module respectively
It is connected to the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array.
Described signal gating module includes multiple final election switches, for arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its part
Row pixel is connected to the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array by final election switch.
Described signal gating module includes multiple final election switches and address bus；For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pixel battle array
Row, its partly row pixel the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array is connected to by final election switch and address bus.
In the present invention, multi-optical spectrum image sensor, can be by pixel from other logical due to having the shared advantage reading passage
Storage integration in road, thus improve the sweep speed of multi-optical spectrum image sensor.For n spectral coverage imageing sensor, due to image
Sensor has n independent output channel, at most can export n row pixel every time, by the connection of signal gating module simultaneously
The output of certain spectral coverage image surface battle array can be realized, data output efficiency can improve n times.
If each spectral coverage of imageing sensor comprises m row pixel, wherein high priority spectral coverage has n1, and n >=m × n1；Right
In arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, wherein one-row pixels select switch to be connected to this high priority spectral coverage pixel battle array by row
Arrange corresponding reading passage, remaining row pixel is connected to the corresponding reading of regular grade spectral coverage pel array by signal gating module
Passage, and the often corresponding reading passage of row pixel；n1≥1.
For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its a line pixel data passes through row choosing switch and corresponding reading is logical
Road reads, and other row pixel datas pass through signal gating module and the corresponding passage that reads of regular grade pel array reads, and pass through
Each splicing reading passage row pixel, imageing sensor can disposably export the information of silent frame.
If each spectral coverage comprises m row pixel, wherein high priority spectral coverage has n1, and n≤m × n1；For arbitrary Gao You
First level spectral coverage pel array, wherein partly row pixel is passed through row to select switch to be connected to this high priority spectral coverage pel array corresponding
Read passage, remaining row pixel is connected to the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array by signal gating module, and
The corresponding reading passage of multirow pixel；n1≥1.
For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, the corresponding reading of high priority spectral coverage pel array can be passed through every time
Passage and the corresponding passage that reads of regular grade spectral coverage pel array export n row pixel data, improve pixel read-out speed.
When described high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor is TDI imageing sensor；I spectral coverage pel array is high priority pixel
Array, its first trip pixel corresponding with I spectral coverage pel array I reads passage and connects；Second row pixel and II spectral coverage pel array
And corresponding II read passage connect；The third line pixel reads passage even with III spectral coverage pel array and corresponding III
Connect；... line n pixel reads passage with n spectral coverage pel array and corresponding n and is connected.
The data transmission method of above-mentioned high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor comprises the steps：
(1) the t1 moment, first trip pixel a of I spectral coverage pel array is scanned to object being imaged, and the first row by object
First time imaging signal s1 is transferred in memorizer Mem1 by I reading passage；
(2) the t2 moment, the second row pixel b of I spectral coverage pel array is scanned to object being imaged, and by object the first row
Second imaging signal s2 transfers to the first row first time imaging signal with object in memorizer Mem1 by II reading passage
S1 adds up and deposits；First trip pixel a is scanned to object being imaged simultaneously, and object the second row first time imaging signal m1 is passed through
I reading passage is transferred in memorizer Mem2；
(3) the t3 moment, TDI imageing sensor the third line pixel c is scanned to object being imaged, and by object the first row the
Three imaging signal s3 by III reading passage transfer in memorizer Mem1 with the first row first time imaging signal s1 of object,
Second imaging signal s2 of the first row adds up and deposits；First trip pixel a is scanned to object being imaged simultaneously, and by object the third line
First time imaging signal n1 transfers in memorizer Mem3 by I reading passage, and the second row pixel b is scanned into object
Picture, and second imaging signal m2 of object the second row is transferred in memorizer Mem1 with object second by II reading passage
Row first time imaging signal m1 adds up and deposits；
(4) by that analogy, back and forth complete the scanning to subject image panorama successively.
For having the n independent multi-optical spectrum image sensor reading passage, certain spectral coverage carries out n level TDI pattern, and application is originally
Invention can make sensor have highest image transfer rate.
Brief description
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description the present invention is described in further detail.
Fig. 1 is the multi-optical spectrum image sensor basic framework schematic diagram of prior art.
Fig. 2 is pixel sense architecture schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the module architectures schematic diagram of the high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a kind of schematic diagram of pixel readout circuit of the high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of another kind of pixel readout circuit of the high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the operation principle schematic diagram realizing face battle array output using the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the fundamental diagram of TDI imageing sensor.
Fig. 8 is the channels share schematic diagram that the present invention is applied to TDI imageing sensor.
Specific embodiment
Multi-optical spectrum image sensor contains the pel array sensing multiple spectral coverages, during specific tasks are implemented, typically interested
Spectral information concentrate on some spectral coverages, such as in RMB counterfeit money and bad coin detection process, red, green and purple has more Gao You
First level, therefore can give up the low spectral coverage of information value amount, realize priority higher spectral coverage figure by taking its reading passage
The speedy carding process of picture.
To comprise 3 spectral coverages, each spectral coverage pel array carries out concrete as a example having the multi-optical spectrum image sensor of 3 row pixels
Illustrate, as shown in figure 3, the high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor of the present invention includes I spectral coverage being integrated on image sensor chip
Pel array and corresponding I reads passage, II spectral coverage pel array and corresponding II and reads passage, III spectral coverage pixel
Array and corresponding III reads passage and signal gating module.
As shown in figure 4, signal gating module switchs S1, S2, S3 by final election forming.For I spectral coverage pel array, it first
Row pixel is passed through row choosing switch and is connected with corresponding I reading passage, and the second row pixel switchs S3 by final election and is connected to III reading
Passage, the third line pixel switchs S2 by final election and is connected to II reading passage；For II spectral coverage pel array, its first row pixel
Read passage by row choosing switch with corresponding II to connect, the second row pixel switchs S1 by final election and is connected to I reading passage, the
Three row pixels switch S3 by final election and are connected to III reading passage；For III spectral coverage pel array, its first row pixel passes through row
Choosing switch reads passage with corresponding III and connects, and the second row pixel switchs S1 by final election and is connected to I reading passage, the third line picture
Element switchs S2 by final election and is connected to II reading passage.When spectral coverage interested is in I spectral coverage, I spectral coverage Pixel Information has
High priority, can give up II spectral coverage Pixel Information and III spectral coverage Pixel Information, led to by taking II and reading passage and III and read
Road is realizing the speedy carding process of I spectral coverage Pixel Information.When spectral coverage interested is in II, III spectral coverage, with I spectral coverage in the same manner.
As shown in figure 5, signal gating module can also be made up of multiple final election switches and address bus.For I spectral coverage picture
Pixel array, its first row pixel is passed through final election switch and address bus and is connected with III reading passage, and the second row pixel passes through final election
Switch and address bus are connected to II reading passage, and the third line picture reads passage connection by row choosing switch with corresponding I；For
II spectral coverage pel array, its first row pixel is passed through final election switch and address bus and is connected with I reading passage, and the second row pixel is led to
Cross final election switch and address bus is connected to III reading passage, the third line pixel is passed through row and selects switch to be connected to II reading passage；
For III spectral coverage pel array, its first row pixel is connected to I reading passage, the second row picture by final election switch and address bus
Element is connected to II reading passage by final election switch and address bus, and the third line pixel passes through row choosing switch and corresponding III reading
Passage connects (in figure not shown row choosing switch).
For n spectral coverage imageing sensor, each spectral coverage has m row pixel, if one of spectral coverage is high priority spectral coverage, leads to
The connection crossing signal gating module can realize the output of this spectral coverage image surface battle array.Because imageing sensor has independent defeated of n
Go out passage, at most can export n row pixel every time simultaneously, its principle is as shown in Figure 6.
Work as m<During n, the pixel data of high preferential spectral coverage can disposably all export.First read at n and in passage, choose m
Independent reading passage；Secondly by address bus and final election switch, the m row pixel of each spectral coverage pel array is read with m respectively
Passage is taken to connect.By each splicing reading passage row pixel, imageing sensor can disposably export the information of silent frame.
Work as m>During n, in the m row pixel of high priority spectral coverage pel array, first choose n row pixel, total secondly by address
Line and final election switch, the n row pixel of this spectral coverage is connected respectively to n reading passage.Remaining n-m row pixel is pressed same control gauge
Rule is connected to n reading passage, and this connected mode can export n row pixel every time it is also possible to improve the reading of postorder pixel
Speed.
The present invention makes high priority spectral coverage pel array row scan output and rises to Surface scan output, and does not increase pixel
Waiting time.For the multi-optical spectrum image sensor of n-channel, data output efficiency can improve n times.
TDI image scanning is to mate realization by image sensor exposure frequency well with ohject displacement speed.By
Limited in being made by CMOS standard technology grid, cmos image sensor cannot be directly realized by Charged Couple and add up.In order to improve
Device luminous sensitivity, picture element signal is first converted to digital signal by cmos image sensor, stores in subsequent digital signal
In journey, the signal under different time exposure is added up, thus realizing digital time delay integration.3 grades of digital TDI imageing sensors
Image-forming principle is as shown in Figure 7：
(1) object is in the state of moving downward, t1 moment, and the triangle of object is scanned by first trip pixel a of row pixel, and will
Signal s1 transfers in memorizer Mem1 and deposits.
(2) the t2 moment, object continues to move down, and triangle is scanned by row pixel next line pixel b, and signal s2 is shifted
To in memorizer Mem1, and add up and deposit with last time signal s1.
(3) the t3 moment, object continues to move down, and triangle is scanned by row pixel c, and signal s3 is added to memorizer Mem1,
Through three cumulative integrations, signal increased three times but noise merely addTimes.
Just export because picture element signal will add up three times in Mem1, therefore within the time of integration, pixel C1 of being expert at completes
Before exposure and electric charge storage, other pixels are in waiting state.For the problems referred to above, multi-optical spectrum image sensor in the present invention
Due to having the shared advantage reading passage, pixel can be stored integration from other passages, thus improving multispectral image
The sweep speed of sensor.
The multispectral TDI imageing sensor of described high speed, if its I spectral coverage pel array (also may be used for high priority pel array
To set other general section of pel array as high priority pel array), I reading corresponding with I spectral coverage pel array of its first trip pixel
Passage connects；Second row pixel is connected with II spectral coverage pel array and corresponding II reading passage；The third line pixel and III
Spectral coverage pel array and corresponding III reads passage and connects.Its data read method is as shown in Figure 8：
(1) the t1 moment, by the first trip pixel a scanning imagery of I spectral coverage pel array, the triangle of object is for the first time for object triangle
Imaging signal s1 is transferred in memorizer Mem1 by I reading passage.
(2) the t2 moment, object continues to move down, triangle by the second row pixel b scanning imagery of I spectral coverage pel array,
Second imaging signal s2 of triangle transfers in memorizer Mem1 by II reading passage and first time imaging signal s1 adds up
Deposit.First trip pixel a exposes to the circle of object second row simultaneously, and it is logical that circle first time imaging signal m1 is passed through I reading
Road stores in Mem2.
(3) the t3 moment, object continues to move down, and the third line pixel c scans the triangle of object first trip, and triangle third time becomes
As signal s3 continue through III reading passage transfer in memorizer Mem1 with second imaging signal s2 of triangle, third time be imaged
Signal s3 adds up；Second row pixel b exposes to object the second row circle, and second imaging signal m2 of circle passes through II reading and lead to
Road continues to transfer to memorizer Mem2 and circle first time imaging signal m1；First trip pixel a exposes to object the third line five-pointed star,
Five-pointed star first time imaging signal n1 transfers to memorizer Mem3 by I reading passage；By that analogy, back and forth complete to figure successively
Scanning as panorama.
This example signal output speed will lift three times.Independently read passage multi-optical spectrum image sensor for having n, certain
Spectral coverage carries out n level TDI pattern, and the application present invention can make sensor have highest image transfer rate.
The invention is not restricted to aforesaid way, high priority spectral coverage pel array can also be multiple spectral coverage pel arrays, example
As imageing sensor has 100 spectral coverages, 1-5 spectral coverage pel array wherein can be had to be high priority spectral coverage pel array.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor, including I spectral coverage pel array being integrated on image sensor chip and with
Corresponding I read passage, II spectral coverage pel array and corresponding II and read passage, III spectral coverage pel array and right therewith
The III reading passage answered ... n spectral coverage pel array and corresponding n read passage；Characterized by further comprising and be integrated in
Signal gating module on image sensor chip；For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its partly row pixel pass through
Row selects switch to be connected to this spectral coverage pel array corresponding reading passage, and remaining row pixel is connected respectively by signal gating module
To the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array.
2. high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described signal gating module includes
Multiple final elections switch, for arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its partly row pixel pass through final election switch and be connected to commonly
Level spectral coverage pel array corresponding reading passage.
3. high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described signal gating module includes
Multiple final election switches and address bus；For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its partly row pixel switched by final election
It is connected to the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array with address bus.
4. high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that set each spectral coverage of imageing sensor
Comprise m row pixel, wherein high priority spectral coverage has n1, and n >=m × n1；For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, its
Middle one-row pixels are passed through row and select switch to be connected to this corresponding reading passage of high priority spectral coverage pel array, and remaining row pixel is led to
Cross signal gating module and be connected to the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array, and often the corresponding reading of row pixel is logical
Road；n1≥1.
5. high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor according to claim 1 comprises m row picture it is characterised in that setting each spectral coverage
Element, wherein high priority spectral coverage have n1, and n≤m × n1；For arbitrary high priority spectral coverage pel array, wherein partly go
Pixel is passed through row and selects switch to be connected to this corresponding reading passage of high priority spectral coverage pel array, and remaining row pixel passes through signal
Gating module is connected to the corresponding reading passage of regular grade spectral coverage pel array, and the corresponding reading passage of multirow pixel；n1
≥1.
6. high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described high speed multispectral image passes
Sensor is TDI imageing sensor；I spectral coverage pel array is high priority pel array, its first trip pixel and I spectral coverage pel array
Corresponding I reads passage connects；Second row pixel is connected with II spectral coverage pel array and corresponding II reading passage；3rd
Row pixel is connected with III spectral coverage pel array and corresponding III reading passage；... line n pixel and n spectral coverage pel array
And corresponding n reads passage and connects.
7. a kind of data transmission method of high speed multi-optical spectrum image sensor as claimed in claim 6 is it is characterised in that include
Following step：
(1) the t1 moment, first trip pixel a of I spectral coverage pel array is scanned to object being imaged, and the first row first by object
Secondary imaging signal s1 is transferred in memorizer Mem1 by I reading passage；
(2) the t2 moment, the second row pixel b of I spectral coverage pel array is scanned to object being imaged, and by object the first row second
Secondary imaging signal s2 is transferred in memorizer Mem1 by II reading passage and is tired out with the first row first time imaging signal s1 of object
Plus deposit；First trip pixel a is scanned to object being imaged simultaneously, and object the second row first time imaging signal m1 is passed through I reading
Passage is taken to transfer in memorizer Mem2；
(3) the t3 moment, TDI imageing sensor the third line pixel c is scanned to object being imaged, and by object the first row for the third time
Imaging signal s3 by III reading passage transfer in memorizer Mem1 with the first row first time imaging signal s1 of object, first
Second imaging signal s2 of row adds up and deposits；First trip pixel a is scanned to object being imaged simultaneously, and by object the third line first
Secondary imaging signal n1 transfers in memorizer Mem3 by I reading passage, and the second row pixel b is scanned to object being imaged, and
By second imaging signal m2 of object the second row by II reading passage transfer in memorizer Mem1 with the second row of object the
Polaroid signal m1 adds up and deposits；
(4) by that analogy, back and forth complete the scanning to subject image panorama successively.
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| CN108322681A (en) * | 2018-02-23 | 2018-07-24 | 长春长光辰芯光电技术有限公司 | Inhibit the TDI sensor devices and imaging sensor of image mismatch |
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