CN106406095B - The asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output - Google Patents

The asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output Download PDF

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CN106406095B
CN106406095B CN201610943039.6A CN201610943039A CN106406095B CN 106406095 B CN106406095 B CN 106406095B CN 201610943039 A CN201610943039 A CN 201610943039A CN 106406095 B CN106406095 B CN 106406095B
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郑泽伟
黄琰婷
祝明
孙康文
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Beihang University
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    • G05B13/00Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control methods of input and output, first carry out error calculation by given track expectation pursuit gain;Then kinematics control in track is carried out according to track kinematical equation and virtual controlling rule is calculated;The indeterminate in surface vessel model is approached using neural network, Design assistant control system solves the problems, such as damp constraint, then obtains control amount based on surface vessel kinetics equation;This control amount is finally used for surface vessel model.In practical application, the quantity of states such as track, the speed of surface vessel are obtained by sensor measurement, and the executing agencies such as steering engine and propeller will be transmitted to by the control amount that this method is calculated, can be realized the anti-indeterminate of surface vessel, disturbance rejection, the asymmetric saturation problem of anti-executing agency Trajectory Tracking Control function.

Description

The asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output
Technical field
The present invention provides a kind of asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output, it is Input and output are provided a kind of tracking expectation rail that inhibition external disturbance influences by the full driving unmanned water surface naval vessel of asymmetric limitation The new control method of mark, belongs to automatic control technology field.
Background technique
In recent years, more and more for the motion control research on unmanned water surface naval vessel.Wherein, Trajectory Tracking Control is as one A typical motion control is all of great importance for the work of navigation, intelligence exploration and intelligence investigation etc..So we It needs for a kind of controller of tracking trajectory capacity with high performance of unmanned water surface ship design, to realize surface vessel Accurate reference track or virtual objects.However in real application systems, it may appear that the problem of input is saturated, so as to cause performance Degeneration, lead-lag, generation undersuing even system are unstable.Simultaneously as the propeller of surface vessel can only export Positive power, or when actuator validity partial loss, asymmetric input saturated conditions can all occur.In addition, working as water surface warship When a narrow river is advanced, the track of ship is strictly limited ship by the two sides in river, it is therefore desirable to consider what output was limited Problem.When track is not the centre in river, the limitation of system output is also asymmetrical.
Because the invention " a kind of asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output " is handle Problem above proposes targeted, surface vessel of the solution input and output by asymmetric restricted problem as point of penetration Trajectory Tracking Control is theoretical.It is non-to introduce bounded liapunov function, hyperbolic tangent function and Nussbaum function solution time-varying The problem of symmetry inputs and outputs limit;Indeterminate and external disturbance using adaptive algorithm estimation bounded;Meanwhile it utilizing Instruction filter avoids complicated derivative operation.This method solve the asymmetric limited problems of input and output, ensure that system Asymptotic Stability, it can be achieved that reliable track following, provide and a kind of efficiently may be used for surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control engineering Capable design means.
Summary of the invention
(1) purpose: the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel rails of input and output Mark tracking and controlling method, control engineer can realize that surface vessel is anti-not while combining actual parameter in the method Determine item, disturbance rejection, anti-input and output by asymmetric limitation Trajectory Tracking Control.
(2) technical solution: " the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control side of input and output of the invention Method ", main contents and step are: first carrying out error calculation by given track expectation pursuit gain;Then it is moved according to track It learns equation progress track kinematics control and virtual controlling rule is calculated;It is approached in surface vessel model not using neural network Determine item, Design assistant control system solves the problems, such as damp constraint, is then controlled based on surface vessel kinetics equation Amount processed;This control amount is finally used for surface vessel model.In practical application, the states such as track, speed of surface vessel Amount is obtained by sensor measurement, and will be transmitted to the executing agencies such as steering engine and propeller by the control amount that this method is calculated, Can be realized the anti-indeterminate of surface vessel, disturbance rejection, the asymmetric saturation problem of anti-executing agency Trajectory Tracking Control function.
" the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output " of the invention, specific steps It is as follows:
The given expectation pursuit path of step 1: given desired plane position (xd,yd);Given expectation yaw angle ψd;It is expected that with Track track is expressed as ηd=[xd,ydd]T
Step 2 track following error calculation: the error z between actual path and desired trajectory is calculated1=η-ηd
Step 3 handles input saturation part: introducing smooth piecewise functionApproximate description actuator model.
Step 4 virtual controlling amount α10It calculates: calculating virtual needed for the error eliminated between desired trajectory and actual path Control amount α10
Step 5 virtual controlling amount α20It calculates: calculating virtual needed for the error eliminated between desired speed and actual speed Control amount α20
Step 6 system design of control law: it calculates needed for the error eliminated between actuator desired output and reality output Control amount φ.
Wherein, given expectation pursuit path described in step 1 include: desired pursuit path be ηd=[xd,ydd]T, Three representation in components meanings are as follows: (xd,yd) indicate desired plane position, ψdIndicate expectation yaw angle.
Wherein, the calculation method of the track following error described in step 2 is as follows:
z1=η-ηd
η is actual path of the surface vessel under inertial coodinate system, η=[x, y, ψ]T, wherein (x, y) indicates water surface warship The position of ship, ψ indicate yaw angle.
Wherein, handling input saturation part described in step 3, calculation method is as follows:
With reference to the accompanying drawings 1, initially set up inertial coodinate system and body coordinate system shown in figure.To which surface vessel can be obtained Three Degree Of Freedom Nonlinear Equations of Motion:
Wherein, η=[x, y, ψ]TFor the actual path on the naval vessel under inertial coodinate system, (x, y) indicates the position of surface vessel It sets, ψ indicates yaw angle.υ=[u, v, r]TFor velocity vector of the naval vessel under body coordinate system, u, v, r is respectively velocity vector edge The decomposition amount of hull coordinate system respectively indicates forward speed, lateral velocity and yaw rate.R (ψ) is spin matrix, is met R-1(ψ)=RT(ψ):
M is nonsingular, symmetrical positive definite inertial matrix.C (υ) is centripetal matrix, and D (υ) is damping matrix.Three distinguishes table Show as follows:
B (t)=[b1(t) b2(t) b3(t)]TFor indeterminate, including unmodeled indeterminate and unknown time-varying Interference volume.To be saturated the output of actuator and the input of system.Actuator input is defeated Relationship out may be expressed as:
Wherein,It is the control amount not considered under actuator saturation, the input of saturation actuator can be regarded as.WithIt is τ respectivelyiBound.But at this time input with export relation curve be it is rough, be not available Backstepping It is designed.Therefore a smooth piecewise function is definedIt is defeated to carry out approximate representation actuator Enter output relation.
Then the equation of motion of surface vessel can be rewritten as
Wherein, It is the functional vector of a bounded,C > 0, φ are for it The control law for needing to design afterwards.
Wherein, the calculating virtual controlling amount α described in step 410, calculation method is as follows:
1) error of actual path and given desired trajectory: z is calculated1=η-ηd
2) asymmetric export-restriction: k is givencIt (t) is system bottoming, kd(t) upper limit is exported for system, then in output The difference of lower limit and given desired trajectory
kαidi-kci, kbi=kdidi, (i=1,2,3).
3) z is calculated1Derivative:
4) virtual controlling amount α is designed10:
Wherein k1=diag (k11,k12,k13) be positive definite symmetrical matrix;kα1> 0, p >=0 are positive integer,
Q=diag (Q1,Q2,Q3), and
e1For the state of auxiliary system, it is expressed as
Wherein,For the constant of a very little, ke1> 1, γ1> 0,
Δα1110.It, can be by α by differential tracking filter as shown in Fig. 2i0(i=1,2) α is obtainediAnd Its derivative value
To can avoid complicated derivative operation.
Wherein, the calculating virtual controlling amount α described in step 520, calculation method is as follows:
1) error of actual speed and desired speed: z is calculated2=v- α1
2) z is calculated2Derivative:
3) virtual controlling amount α is designed20:
Wherein, kα2> 0,e2With e1It is similar, it is a state variable of auxiliary system, is expressed as
Wherein,For the constant of a very little, ke2> 1, γ2> 0,
Δα2220
4) adaptive law designs: design adaptive lawBy the indeterminate in model with And external disturbance passes through adaptive algorithm approximate evaluation,
Wherein γfσ> 0, ρ ∈ R+
Wherein, the system design of control law described in step 6, design method are as follows:
1) reality output of actuator and the error of desired output are calculated:
2) z is calculated3Derivative:Wherein Θ=diag (θ123),By Extreme difficulties can be brought to design and analysis in the Θ of time-varying, introduce Nussbaum function battle array N=diag (N11),N22), N33)),
3) control amount φ is designed:
Wherein k3=diag (k31,k32,k33), it is the symmetrical matrix of positive definite.
(3) advantage and effect:
" the surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of the asymmetric saturation of actuator " of the invention, it is compared with the prior art, excellent Point is:
1) this method avoids model linearization, may be directly applied to nonlinear model, and step is succinctly efficient, and can guarantee and be The stability gradually of system;
2) this method can effectively solve the problem that the asymmetric saturation problem of actuator, significantly improve non-due to executing agency Symmetrical saturation problem is adversely affected for caused by system stability and various aspects of performance;
3) this method, can by that surface vessel can be made when narrow river is advanced to the asymmetric limitation of output progress The track reference track leaned on;
4) inhibit model uncertainty and external disturbance to the interference effect of system using adaptive algorithm is good;
5) this method algorithm structure is simple, and fast response time is easy to Project Realization.
In application process, control engineer can give surface vessel any desired track and corresponding according to actual requirement Input and output limitation, and by the control amount being calculated by this method be directly transferred to executing agency realize Trajectory Tracking Control Function.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is surface vessel illustraton of model of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the composition block diagram of filter in the present invention.
Symbol description is as follows:
ηd ηd=[xd,ydd]TIt is expected surface vessel travel track, wherein (xd,yd) indicate desired plane position, ψd Indicate yaw angle.
η η=[x, y, ψ]TFor the actual path of surface vessel;
υ υ=[u, v, r]TFor the velocity vector of surface vessel, u, v, r is respectively point of the velocity vector along hull coordinate system Xie Liang;
α10 α10For designed virtual controlling amount;
α20 α20For designed virtual controlling amount;
α1 α1It, can be by α for the desired speed of surface vessel10It is obtained by filter;
α2 α2It, can be by α for the desired output of actuator20It is obtained by filter;
z1 z1Error between desired trajectory and actual path;
z2 z2Error between desired speed and actual speed;
z3 z3Error between desired speed and actual speed;
B b (t)=[b1(t)b2(t)b3(t)]TFor indeterminate, the interference including unmodeled power and unknown time-varying Amount;
Not consider the system input quantity under actuator saturation;
For the output and system input for being saturated actuator;
For a smooth piecewise function, it is used to approximate representation actuator and is saturated Model;
For a bounded function;
B B be model indeterminate b withSum;
kc(t) kcIt (t) is the minimum export-restriction of system;
kd(t) kd(t) it is limited for the maximum output of system;
φ φ is system control amount;
For minimum value defined by system input quantity;
For maximum value defined by system input quantity;
e1,e2 e1,e2The state variable of auxiliary system;
For the estimated value of indeterminate;
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the following further describes the technical solution of the present invention.
" the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output " of the invention, specific steps It is as follows: step 1: given expectation pursuit gain
1) as shown in Figure 1, using a fixed point as origin, x-axis is directed toward the north, and y-axis is directed toward east, establishes inertial coordinate System;Using the construction geometry center in surface vessel model as origin, x-axis is directed toward the head on naval vessel, and y-axis establishes body perpendicular to x-axis Coordinate system.
2) given desired trajectory is ηd=[xd,ydd]T, three representation in components meanings are as follows: (xd,yd) indicate that expectation is flat Face position, ψdIndicate yaw angle.
Step 2: track following error z is calculated1
z1=η-ηd
Step 3: input saturation part is handled
With reference to the accompanying drawings 1, initially set up inertial coodinate system and body coordinate system shown in figure.To which surface vessel can be obtained Three Degree Of Freedom Nonlinear Equations of Motion:
Wherein, η=[x, y, ψ]TFor the actual path on the naval vessel under inertial coodinate system, (x, y) indicates the position of surface vessel It sets, ψ indicates yaw angle.υ=[u, v, r]TFor velocity vector of the naval vessel under body coordinate system, u, v, r is respectively velocity vector edge The decomposition amount of hull coordinate system respectively indicates forward speed, lateral velocity and yaw rate.R (ψ) is spin matrix, is met R-1(ψ)=RT(ψ):
M is nonsingular, symmetrical positive definite inertial matrix.C (υ) is centripetal matrix, and D (υ) is damping matrix.Three distinguishes table Show as follows:
B (t)=[b1(t)b2(t)b3(t)]TIt is dry including unmodeled indeterminate and unknown time-varying for indeterminate The amount of disturbing.To be saturated the output of actuator and the input of system.Actuator input and output Relationship may be expressed as:
Wherein,It is the control amount not considered under actuator saturation, the input of saturation actuator can be regarded as.WithPoint
It is not τiBound.But at this time input with export relation curve be it is rough, be not available Backstepping It is designed.Therefore fixed
An adopted smooth piecewise functionCome approximate representation actuator input and output pass System.
Then the equation of motion of surface vessel can be rewritten as
Wherein, It is the functional vector of a bounded,C > 0, φ are for it The control law for needing to design afterwards.
Step 4: virtual controlling amount α is calculated10
1) error of actual path and given desired trajectory: z is calculated1=η-ηd
2) asymmetric export-restriction: k is givencIt (t) is system bottoming, kd(t) upper limit is exported for system, then in output The difference of lower limit and given desired trajectory
kαidi-kci, kbi=kdidi, (i=1,2,3).
3) z is calculated1Derivative:
4) virtual controlling amount α is designed10:
Wherein k1=diag (k11,k12,k13) be positive definite symmetrical matrix;kα1> 0, p >=0 are positive integer,
Q=diag (Q1,Q2,Q3), and
e1For the state of auxiliary system, it is expressed as
Wherein,For the constant of a very little, ke1> 1, γ1> 0,
Δα1110.It, can be by α by differential tracking filter as shown in Fig. 2i0(i=1,2) α is obtainediAnd Its derivative value
To can avoid complicated derivative operation.
Step 5: virtual controlling amount α is calculated20
1) error of actual speed and desired speed: z is calculated2=v- α1
2) z is calculated2Derivative:
3) virtual controlling amount α is designed20:
Wherein, kα2> 0,e2With e1It is similar, it is a state variable of auxiliary system, is expressed as
It wherein, is the constant of a very little, ke2> 1, γ2> 0,
Δα2220
4) adaptive law designs: design adaptive lawBy the indeterminate in model with And external disturbance passes through adaptive algorithm approximate evaluation,
Wherein γfσ> 0, ρ ∈ R+
Step 6: designing system control law
1) reality output of actuator and the error of desired output are calculated:
2) z is calculated3Derivative:Wherein Θ=diag (θ123),By Extreme difficulties can be brought to design and analysis in the Θ of time-varying, introduce Nussbaum function battle array N=diag (N11),N22), N33)),
3) control amount φ is designed:
Wherein k3=diag (k31,k32,k33), it is the symmetrical matrix of positive definite.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output, it is characterised in that: specific Steps are as follows:
The given expectation pursuit path of step 1: given desired plane position (xd,yd);Given expectation yaw angle ψd;It is expected that tracking rail Trace description is ηd=[xd,ydd]T
Step 2 track following error calculation: the error z between actual path and desired trajectory is calculated1=η-ηd
Step 3 handles input saturation part: introducing smooth piecewise functionApproximate description actuator model;
Step 4 virtual controlling amount α10It calculates: virtual controlling needed for calculating the error eliminated between desired trajectory and actual path Measure α10
Step 5 virtual controlling amount α20It calculates: virtual controlling needed for calculating the error eliminated between desired speed and actual speed Measure α20
Step 6 system design of control law: control needed for calculating the error eliminated between actuator desired output and reality output Measure φ;
Wherein, input saturation part is handled described in step 3, calculation method is as follows:
Initially set up inertial coodinate system and body coordinate system;To which the Three Degree Of Freedom Nonlinear Equations of Motion of surface vessel can be obtained:
Wherein, η=[x, y, ψ]TFor the actual path on the naval vessel under inertial coodinate system, (x, y) indicates the position of surface vessel, ψ table Show yaw angle;υ=[u, v, r]TFor velocity vector of the naval vessel under body coordinate system, u, v, r is respectively that velocity vector is sat along hull The decomposition amount for marking system, respectively indicates forward speed, lateral velocity and yaw rate;R (ψ) is spin matrix, meets R-1(ψ)= RT(ψ):
M is nonsingular, symmetrical positive definite inertial matrix;C (υ) is centripetal matrix, and D (υ) is damping matrix;Three respectively indicate as Under:
B (t)=[b1(t) b2(t) b3(t)]TFor indeterminate, the interference including unmodeled indeterminate and unknown time-varying Amount;To be saturated the output of actuator and the input of system;Actuator input The relationship of output may be expressed as:
Wherein,It is the control amount not considered under actuator saturation, the input of saturation actuator can be regarded as;WithIt is τ respectivelyiBound;But at this time input with output relation curve be it is rough, be not available Backstepping carry out Design;Therefore a smooth piecewise function is definedIt is defeated to carry out the input of approximate representation actuator Relationship out;
Then the equation of motion of surface vessel can be rewritten as
Wherein, It is the functional vector of a bounded,C > 0, φ are needed after being The control law to be designed.
2. the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output according to claim 1, It is characterized by: the calculation method of track following error described in step 2 is as follows:
z1=η-ηd
η is actual path of the surface vessel under inertial coodinate system, η=[x, y, ψ]T, wherein the position of (x, y) expression surface vessel It sets, ψ indicates yaw angle.
3. the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output according to claim 1, It is characterized by: calculating virtual controlling amount α described in step 410, calculation method is as follows:
1) error of actual path and given desired trajectory: z is calculated1=η-ηd
2) asymmetric export-restriction: k is givencIt (t) is system bottoming, kd(t) upper limit is exported for system, then exports bound With the difference of given desired trajectory
kαidi-kci, kbi=kdidi, (i=1,2,3);
3) z is calculated1Derivative:
4) virtual controlling amount α is designed10:
Wherein k1=diag (k11,k12,k13) be positive definite symmetrical matrix;kα1> 0, p >=0 are positive integer,
Q=diag (Q1,Q2,Q3), and
e1For the state of auxiliary system, it is expressed as
Wherein,For the constant of a very little, ke1> 1, γ1> 0,Δ α1110;It, can be by α by differential tracking filteri0(i=1,2) α is obtainediAnd its derivative value
4. the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output according to claim 1, It is characterized by: calculating virtual controlling amount α described in step 520, calculation method is as follows:
1) error of actual speed and desired speed: z is calculated2=v- α1
2) z is calculated2Derivative:
3) virtual controlling amount α is designed20:
Wherein, kα2> 0,e2With e1It is similar, it is a state variable of auxiliary system, is expressed as
Wherein,For the constant of a very little, ke2> 1, γ2> 0, Δα2220
4) adaptive law designs: design adaptive lawBy the indeterminate in model and outside Portion's disturbance passes through adaptive algorithm approximate evaluation,
Wherein γfσ> 0, ρ ∈ R+
5. the asymmetric limited full driving surface vessel Trajectory Tracking Control method of input and output according to claim 1, It is characterized by: system design of control law, design method described in step 6 are as follows:
1) reality output of actuator and the error of desired output are calculated:
2) z is calculated3Derivative:Wherein Θ=diag (θ123),Due to when The Θ of change can bring extreme difficulties to design and analysis, introduce Nussbaum function battle array N=diag (N11),N22),N33)),
3) control amount φ is designed:
Wherein k3=diag (k31,k32,k33), it is the symmetrical matrix of positive definite.
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