CN106405545A - Double-time different-mode dual-polarization SAR-type Pauli false color image synthesis method - Google Patents

Double-time different-mode dual-polarization SAR-type Pauli false color image synthesis method Download PDF

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CN106405545A
CN106405545A CN201610697381.2A CN201610697381A CN106405545A CN 106405545 A CN106405545 A CN 106405545A CN 201610697381 A CN201610697381 A CN 201610697381A CN 106405545 A CN106405545 A CN 106405545A
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CN106405545B (en
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邓少平
刘学林
吴泽洪
甘宗平
王璇
冷海芹
李胜
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Abstract

The invention discloses a double-time different-mode dual-polarization SAR-type Pauli false color image synthesis method. Aiming at a problem that a dual-polarization synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image can not be used as a complete-polarization SAR image to adopt Pauli decomposition to synthesize false color images, based on a hypothesis that there are no significant changes in data of two times of heavy rail observations by a same sensor in a time interval and the data is highly correlated, a mutual relation between a phase and an amplitude of acquired dual-polarization mode SAR images of HH+VH and VV+HV is used to carry out analogy Pauli decomposition so as to synthesize the false color images. An approximate color visualization effect possessing complete-polarization SAR data is acquired and an interpretation effect of the complete-polarization SAR data is effectively increased.

Description

A kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image synthesis method
【Technical field】
The invention belongs to field of remote sensing image processing is and in particular to a kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization synthetic aperture radar Class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image synthesis method.
【Background technology】
Synthetic aperture radar (Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR) is not subject to the factors such as weather geography and time Limit, high-resolution imaging can be carried out to ground, and there is certain penetration power, thus be widely used in military affairs and detect Examine, resource detection, environmental monitoring, surveying and mapping, in the remote sensing of the earth application such as geographical national conditions monitoring, in-orbit at present radar satellite In, typically it is respectively provided with dual polarization imaging pattern, minority satellite has complete polarization imaging pattern, because complete polarization pattern contains ground The more information of thing, decomposes pseudo color composing by Pauli, can obtain more preferable interpretation effect, and dual polarization SAR does not possess entirely The advantage of polarization, its interpretation effect can not show a candle to full polarimetric SAR data, thus constrains the range of application of full-polarization SAR data.
Dual polarization SAR satellite in-orbit at present, generally individually can obtain the dual polarization image of HH+VH and VV+HV both of which. For the shorter heavy rail dual polarization image of two scape time intervals it is considered that observed atural object is basically unchanged.Traditional method is two Individual phase is respectively processed or the strength information synthesis pseudo color coding hologram image merely with image, due to not utilizing the phase of image Position information, image interpretation less effective, its effect of visualization can not show a candle to the Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image of same region full-polarization SAR.As Fruit can be obtained and had similar to full-polarization SAR Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image using the relevant information between two kinds of dual polarization data, The effect of visualization of image, auxiliary decoding will be greatly improved, contribute to expanding the range of application of dual polarization SAR further.
【Content of the invention】
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that the double phase anomalous modes providing a kind of energy to obtain preferably and interpreting effect are bipolar Change SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image synthesis method, be HH+VH and VV+HV using the polarization mode obtaining in short period of time The SAR image of dual-polarized two phases, solves the problems, such as similar full-polarization SAR data Pauli pseudo color coding hologram video generation.
Common SAR dual polarization pattern has HH+VH and VV+HV.Double phase anomalous mode dual polarizations just refer to that two phases obtain Dual polarization SAR pattern different, respectively HH+VH and VV+HV.The process object of the present invention is the spaceborne pair of phase that heavy rail obtains The multiple image of anomalous mode dual polarization SAR haplopia, the time interval of image capturing is shorter, the attitude of satellite and angle of incidence approximately equal, image Between there is very strong dependency, represent phase data when this pair with two-dimentional complex vector respectively：
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram Image compounding of the present invention Method, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Carry out using based on orbit information rough registration with based on the multinomial method for registering of coherence factor essence registration High-precision image registration, registration accuracy should be higher than that 0.1 pixel；
Step 2：Window size N × N that setting ensemble average is processed, wherein N is odd number, and N >=3, and sliding window is according to step Rapid 3 are processed to step 8 one by one to the pixel of window center；
Step 3：Processed by ensemble average and calculate the respective covariance coefficient of dual polarization SAR image：
Wherein<·>Represent that ensemble average is processed, ensemble average processes and averages as in window in the sliding window of N × N The ensemble average estimated value of imago element, subscript*It is the conjugation of plural number；
Step 4：Estimate the phase contrast between dual polarization data not same polarization from covariance coefficientWithWherein phase place Difference is as follows with the relation of covariance coefficient：
The estimation equation of phase contrast is：
Wherein tan-1For arctan function；
Step 5：Estimate the 3rd element of class full polarimetric SAR data of construction under two dual polarization modes respectively：
Step 5.1：The scattering strength of the VV and HH polarization under estimation HH+VH and VV+HV dual polarization is respectively：
Step 5.2：According to the equal hypothesis of HV and VH in full-polarization SAR data (amplitude of HV and VH and phase place all phases Deng), the phase place of the VV and HH polarization under estimation HH+VH and VV+HV dual polarization is respectively：
Step 5.3：The class of construction under the intensity being obtained according to step 5.1 and 5.2 and two dual polarization modes of phase calculation The 3rd element of full polarimetric SAR data be：
Wherein i is unit imaginary number, sHh, vIt is using the HH Polarization scattering under the VV+HV polarization mode of HH+VH data estimation Coefficient, wherein svv,hIt is using the HH Polarization scattering coefficient under the HH+VH polarization mode of VV+HV data estimation.
Step 6：The full pole of elementary composition two classes of class full polarimetric SAR data the 3rd by construction under two dual polarization modes Change multiple Scattering of Vector；
Step 7：Estimate the average polarization covariance matrix of two phases by two class Complete polarimetry vectors
WhereinWithIt is respectively the class Complete polarimetry vector that two double anomalous mode dual polarization data configurations go out：
Step 8：Polarization covariance matrixBe converted to polarization coherence matrix：
Wherein subscriptTThe transposition of representing matrix,
Step 9：Diagonal element T according to the polarization coherence matrix obtaining11,T22,T33, decompose RGB according to Pauli false color The mode that colour cell is closed synthesizes pseudo color coding hologram image：
Red=log (T22)
Green=log (T33)
Blue=log (T11),
Wherein log () is natural logrithm function；
Step 10：RGB channel is stretched to the gray value of 0-255, when each passage of RGB calculates quantization respectively to 0-255 Threshold value a using and b are so that log (Txx) ＜ a, x=1,2,3 probability is 1%, log (Txx)>The probability of b, x=1,2,3 is 1%, and to log (Txx) discretization is to 0-255 according to the following formula：
Compared with prior art, a kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram Image compounding side of the present invention Method, has following features：
1st, generate class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image and full-polarization SAR Image compounding Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image have very strong Similarity, wherein vegetation etc. assumes green, and building city assumes redness or white, and water body assumes the inclined bluish violet of black；
2nd, on Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image, the feature of each atural object has corresponded to specific physical scatterers mechanism, and interpretation effect obtains Significantly lifted；
3rd, without algorithm process in the present invention, directly the observation of two phases is entered as full-polarization SAR data processing The pseudo color coding hologram image of row Pauli base synthesis, due to data non-complete polarization mode data, resultant image HH-VV and HH+VV is corresponding The characters of ground object regularity of odd and even number time scattering is inconspicuous；
4th, for the atural object based on volume scattering, because the dependency between HH and VH, VV and HV is poor, in the present invention Reliability to parameter reduces, and its effect of visualization has and is to a certain degree deteriorated；
5th, when time interval is shorter, better, interval increases over time, and the coherence of two group images can reduce, The effect of resultant image will be deteriorated.
【Brief description】
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail, wherein：
Fig. 1 is schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
【Specific embodiment】
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are elaborated,
As shown in figure 1, the data of the present embodiment is two phases that No. 1 A star C-band radar of European Space Agency sentry obtains Image, region is located near the Eurafrican western Straits of Gibraltar having a common boundary, and obtains respectively November 3 in 2014 on date Day and on November 15th, 2014, polarization mode is HH+VH and VV+HV, and the product form of image is haplopia oblique distance multiple plural number image, Have chosen the part including certain burst of the types of ground objects such as vegetation, city, suburb, the water surface to be processed, image size For 1500*5000, between the different polarization modes of the same phase of before processing, have been completed high registration accuracy.Process including following Step：
Step 1：Carry out using based on orbit information rough registration with based on the multinomial method for registering of coherence factor essence registration High registration accuracy, registration accuracy is 0.083 pixel；
Step 2：The window size 5 × 5 that setting ensemble average is processed, sliding window arrives step 8 to window center according to step 3 Pixel processed one by one；
Step 3：Processed by ensemble average and calculate the respective covariance coefficient of dual polarization SAR image：
Wherein<·>It is ensemble average to process, ensemble average processes and averages as in window in 5 × 5 sliding window The ensemble average estimated value of imago element, subscript * is the conjugation of plural number；
Step 4：Estimate the phase contrast between dual polarization data not same polarization from covariance coefficientWithWherein phase place Difference is as follows with the relation of covariance coefficient：
The estimation equation of phase contrast is：
Wherein tan-1For arctan function；
Step 5：Estimate the 3rd element of class full polarimetric SAR data of construction under two dual polarization modes respectively：
Step 5.1：The scattering strength of the VV and HH polarization under estimation HH+VH and VV+HV dual polarization respectively, respectively：
Step 5.2：Set the amplitude of HV and VH and phase place in full-polarization SAR data all equal, estimate HH+VH and VV respectively The phase place of the VV and HH polarization under+HV dual polarization, respectively：
Step 5.3：The class of construction under the intensity being obtained according to step 5.1 and 5.2 and two dual polarization modes of phase calculation The 3rd element of full polarimetric SAR data, respectively：
Wherein i is unit imaginary number, shh,vIt is using the HH Polarization scattering under the VV+HV polarization mode of HH+VH data estimation Coefficient, wherein svv,hIt is using the HH Polarization scattering coefficient under the HH+VH polarization mode of VV+HV data estimation；
Step 6：The multiple Scattering of Vector of two class complete polarizations of composition, respectively：
Step 7：Estimate the average polarization covariance matrix of two phases
Step 8：By above-mentioned average polarization covariance matrixBe converted to polarization coherence matrix
Wherein subscriptTThe transposition of representing matrix
Step 9：To polarization coherence matrixDiagonal element T11,T22,T33Carry out logarithm operation, and decompose according to Pauli The mode of pseudo color composing carries out RGB combination：
Red=log (T22)
Green=log (T33)
Blue=log (T11),
Wherein log () is natural logrithm function；
Step 10：RGB channel is stretched to the gray value of 0-255, when each passage of RGB calculates quantization respectively to 0-255 Threshold value a using and b are so that log (Txx) ＜ a, x=1,2,3 probability is 1%, log (Txx)>The probability of b, x=1,2,3 is 1%, then to log (Txx) discretization is to the gray value of 0-255 according to the following formula：
The result of the present embodiment is as follows：(1) the class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image generating and full-polarization SAR Image compounding Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image has very strong similarity, and wherein vegetation etc. assumes green, and building city assumes redness or white, Water body assumes the inclined bluish violet of black.
(2) and Red=HH, the direct pseudo color coding hologram image of Green=(HV+VH)/2, Blue=VV is compared, due to Pauli On pseudo color coding hologram image, the feature of each atural object has corresponded to specific physical scatterers mechanism, and interpretation effect has obtained significantly being lifted.
(3) without algorithm process in the present invention, directly the observation of two phases is entered as full-polarization SAR data processing The pseudo color coding hologram image of row Pauli base synthesis, due to data non-full-polarization SAR data, resultant image HH-VV and HH+VV is corresponding The atural object of odd and even number time scattering is not clearly regular.
(4) for the atural object based on volume scattering, because the dependency between HH and VH, VV and HV is poor, in the present invention The parametric reliability arriving reduces, and its effect of visualization has and is to a certain degree deteriorated.
(5) the present embodiment time interval is 12 days, and the hypothesis that atural object does not change typically is set up, when time interval is shorter When, effect can be more preferably.Interval increases over time, and the coherence of two group images can reduce, and the effect of resultant image will be deteriorated.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the present invention can be simultaneously used for spaceborne and carried SAR data place Reason.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image synthesis method is it is characterised in that include following walking Suddenly：
Step 1：Using based on orbit information rough registration and based on coherence factor essence registration multinomial method for registering carry out high-precision Degree Image registration, registration accuracy should be higher than that 0.1 pixel；
Step 2：Window size N × N that setting ensemble average is processed, wherein N is odd number, and N >=3, and sliding window arrives according to step 3 Step 8 is processed one by one to the pixel of window center；
Step 3：Processed by ensemble average and calculate the respective covariance coefficient of dual polarization SAR image：
Wherein<·>Represent that ensemble average is processed, ensemble average processes and averages in the sliding window of N × N as window center picture The ensemble average estimated value of element, subscript*It is the conjugation of plural number；
Step 4：Estimate the phase contrast between dual polarization data not same polarization from covariance coefficientWithWherein phase contrast with The relation of covariance coefficient is as follows：
The estimation equation of phase contrast is：
Wherein tan-1For arctan function；
Step 5：Estimate the 3rd element of class full polarimetric SAR data of construction under two dual polarization modes respectively；
Step 6：Dissipated by the elementary composition two class complete polarizations of class full polarimetric SAR data the 3rd of construction under two dual polarization modes Penetrate vector；
Step 7：Estimate the average polarization covariance matrix of two phases by two class Complete polarimetry vectors
Step 8：Polarization covariance matrixBe converted to polarization coherence matrix：
Wherein subscriptTThe transposition of representing matrix：
Step 9：Diagonal element T according to the polarization coherence matrix obtaining11,T22,T33, decompose RGB pseudo color coding hologram group according to Pauli The mode closed synthesizes pseudo color coding hologram image：
Red=log (T22)
Green=log (T33)
Blue=log (T11),
Wherein log () is natural logrithm function；
Step 10：RGB channel is stretched to the gray value of 0-255, each passage of RGB calculates quantization respectively and uses to during 0-255 Threshold value a and b so that log (Txx)<A, x=1,2,3 probability is 1%, log (Txx)>B, x=1,2,3 probability is 1%, And to log (Txx) discretization is to 0-255 according to the following formula：
2. a kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image synthesis method according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：Estimate in described step 5 that the 3rd element of class full polarimetric SAR data of construction under two dual polarization modes includes respectively Following steps：
Step 5.1：The scattering strength of the VV and HH polarization under estimation HH+VH and VV+HV dual polarization is respectively：
Step 5.2：According to the equal hypothesis of HV and VH in full-polarization SAR data (amplitude of HV and VH and phase place are all equal), point Gu Suan the phase place of VV and HH polarization under HH+VH and VV+HV dual polarization not be：
Step 5.3：The full pole of class of construction under the intensity being obtained according to step 5.1 and 5.2 and two dual polarization modes of phase calculation Changing the 3rd element of data is：
Wherein i is unit imaginary number, shh,vIt is using the HH Polarization scattering coefficient under the VV+HV polarization mode of HH+VH data estimation, Wherein svv,hIt is using the HH Polarization scattering coefficient under the HH+VH polarization mode of VV+HV data estimation.
3. a kind of pair of phase anomalous mode dual polarization SAR class Pauli pseudo color coding hologram image synthesis method according to claim 1, its It is characterised by：The average polarization covariance matrix of two phases is estimated in described step 7For：
C ^ = 1 2 ( C ^ h + C ^ v ) = 1 2 ( S ^ h S ^ h * + S ^ v S ^ v * ) ;
WhereinWithIt is respectively the multiple Scattering of Vector of class complete polarization that two double anomalous mode dual polarization data configurations go out：
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