CN106405405A - Distribution breaker mechanical characteristic online monitoring assessment method and system - Google Patents
Distribution breaker mechanical characteristic online monitoring assessment method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN106405405A CN106405405A CN201610940681.9A CN201610940681A CN106405405A CN 106405405 A CN106405405 A CN 106405405A CN 201610940681 A CN201610940681 A CN 201610940681A CN 106405405 A CN106405405 A CN 106405405A
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- breaker
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/327—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers
- G01R31/3271—Testing of circuit interrupters, switches or circuit-breakers of high voltage or medium voltage devices
- G01R31/3275—Fault detection or status indication
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
Abstract
The present invention provides a distribution breaker mechanical characteristic online monitoring assessment method and system. The present invention comprises the following steps: a Hall current sensor is accessed into a breaker opening/closing coil loop to monitor the current information of the breaker opening/closing coil, and is accessed into a distribution automation terminal; the distribution automation terminal collects basic monitoring quantity; the distribution automation terminal gathers the information to perform uniform communication protocol uploading; the uploaded information is collected to a distribution automation master station for performing monitoring information assessment; and the monitoring information assessment of the distribution automation master station includes distribution breaker mechanical characteristic analysis assessment, distribution breaker contact electrical life assessment and service strategy providing of the breaker state grading evaluation. The distribution breaker mechanical characteristic online monitoring assessment method and system fully utilize the basic functions of the distribution automation terminal to realize the distribution breaker mechanical characteristic monitoring and effectively develop the application of the distribution automation on the aspect of the distribution network operation and maintenance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power distribution automation and distributor breaker status monitoring field, specifically a kind of distributor breaker machine
Tool characteristic on-line monitoring appraisal procedure and system.
Background technology
Distribution breaker is the most key a kind of electrical equipment in device for switching as insulation and arc-control device.Normal fortune
During row, for carrying out switching the method for operation, as needed equipment or circuit are accessed circuit or make it out of service, when equipment or
Can quickly excise during line failure it is ensured that other parts safety is normally run again.It plays control in distribution and protects
Double action, its working condition directly affects the security and the reliability of power system.
The reliability of breaker depends greatly on the reliability of its mechanical actuating system.China is to high-voltage switch gear
Accident statistical analysis show, in the fault of breaker, mechanical breakdown (including operating mechanism and control loop) accounts for all faults
More than 80%, other arc extinguishings, insulation fault occupy less ratio, and heating accident ratio is lower.Breaker is due to mechanical reason
Caused accident either all occupies total amount more than 60% on number of times, or the power off time caused by accident.Therefore
The mechanical property of breaker is monitored and diagnoses particularly significant.
Current distribution enters automation, intelligent development New Times.The fast development of power distribution automation is examined for distribution O&M
Repair and provide new approach with equipment state management and control." remote signalling ", " remote measurement " function in distribution power automation terminal is to a certain degree
On achieve the distributed monitoring of distribution, therefore, the basic function of distribution power automation terminal is expanded, realizes distribution and break
The distributed on line monitoring of road device is a kind of new thinking of development.
Content of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure based on power distribution automation and
System, makes full use of the basic function of distribution power automation terminal, realizes distribution breaker mechanical performance monitoring, can effectively expand
Application in terms of distribution O&M for the power distribution automation.
Technical scheme:
A kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure, comprises the following steps:
Access Hall current sensor in circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop, monitoring breaker divide-shut brake coil current is believed
Breath, and distribution power automation terminal is accessed by serial ports;
Distribution power automation terminal gathers fundamental surveillance amount:The terminal remote measurement magnitude of current and remote signalling amount;
The communication module of distribution power automation terminal adopts distribution power automation terminal communication port by the terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, distant
Uploaded by Unified Communication agreement after traffic and divide-shut brake coil current information taken;
The terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, remote signalling amount and the divide-shut brake coil current information that upload collect to power distribution automation main station
It is monitored information evaluation;
Power distribution automation main station is monitored information evaluation and includes the assessment of distributor breaker mechanical Characteristic, distribution open circuit
Device electrical contact endurance is assessed and is provided Strategies of Maintenance to circuit-breaker status classification test and appraisal.
Described power distribution automation main station is monitored information evaluation and comprises the following steps:
When remote signalling amount changes, breaker mechanic property analysis and evaluation program starts to start;
Using intelligent mode matching algorithm, the divide-shut brake coil current information of collection is analyzed, assesses electromagnet iron
Core mechanism has or not bite, deformation, dropout failure;The motion conditions of the running part of assessment distributor breaker operating mechanism;
The some mechanical defect type of assessment breaker and development trend;
Using divide-shut brake coil current, remote measurement curent change situation, and when remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING breaker divides, closes a floodgate
Between, based on drop-out current and branch wire time, drop-out current is extracted in analysis from remote measurement electric current, using weighting assessment algorithm, meter
Calculate contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation, assess contact of breaker electric life;
According to above-mentioned assessment result, circuit-breaker status are carried out with classification test and appraisal, and provide fortune inspection strategy.
Described intelligent mode matching algorithm comprises the following steps that:
Set up divide-shut brake winding waveform storehouse, including each model breaker normal condition waveform library, tested breaker history
Waveform library, and various defective waveform storehouse;
The circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current waveform information of collection is pre-processed;
Feature extraction and selection is carried out to the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current waveform information of collection;
Indicatrix generates and characteristic matching and comparative analysis, by by tested waveform and normal waveform, history waveform
Diversity factor quantified, assess breaker mechanical state, by carry out mate with defective waveform feature assess mechanical defect and
Reason.
Described utilization weights assessment algorithm, calculates contact of breaker electrical wear situation, assessment contact of breaker electric life
Comprise the following steps that:
Monitoring distributor breaker divide-shut brake coil drop-out current open and close times, arc time parameter;
Divide, close using divide-shut brake coil current information, remote measurement curent change situation, and remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING breaker
The lock time;
Based on drop-out current and branch wire time, drop-out current is extracted in analysis from remote measurement electric current, is calculated using weighting assessment
Method, calculates contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation;
By contact of breaker electrical wear amount assessment of scenario electrical contact endurance, predict the residual life of contact.
The formula of described calculating contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation is as follows:
Wherein Q is the electrical wear amount of contact, IiFor i & lt drop-out current, tiFor i & lt opening-closing arcing time;tiBy dividing
Closing coil electric current, remote measurement curent change situation, and the acquisition of remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING.
The circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information of described Hall current sensor monitoring is through A/D converter by analog quantity
After being converted into digital quantity, distribution power automation terminal is accessed by serial ports.
A kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring assessment system, including the monitoring being arranged on distribution power automation terminal
Device, distribution power automation terminal communication port and power distribution automation main station,
Described monitoring device include access circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop in Hall current sensor, power distribution automation
Terminal telemetry module and remote signal module, Hall current sensor is used for monitoring breaker divide-shut brake coil current information and is led to
Cross Serial Port Transmission to distribution power automation terminal, distribution power automation terminal telemetry module is used for the acquisition terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, remote signalling
Module is used for gathering the remote signalling amount of distribution power automation terminal;
Described distribution power automation terminal communication port includes information taken module and optical fiber or wireless communication module, information
Collection module is used for being collected circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information, the remote measurement magnitude of current and remote signalling amount, optical fiber or wireless
Monitoring information after communication module is used for collecting information taken module is uploaded to power distribution automation master using Unified Communication agreement
Stand;
Described power distribution automation main station is used for the monitoring information after collecting being analyzed process, and provides distributor breaker machine
Tool characteristic evaluation and fortune inspection strategy.
A/D converter is connected on described Hall current sensor, for believing the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current of collection
Breath analog signal is converted into data signal and is easy to by Serial Port Transmission.
The technique effect of the present invention:The present invention makes full use of the basic function of distribution power automation terminal, by breaking in distribution
In the device of road, simple Hall current sensor is installed, and combines automatization terminal communication channel, remote measurement, remote signalling amount, realize distribution
The remote online monitoring assessment of breaker mechanical performance, improves the specific aim of overhaul of the equipments, effectively expands power distribution automation and is joining
The application of net O&M aspect.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is that power distribution automation main station of the present invention is monitored information evaluation schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 3 is intelligent mode matching algorithm schematic flow sheet of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is present invention assessment contact of breaker electric life schematic flow sheet;
Fig. 5 is monitoring and evaluating system structural representation of the present invention.
In figure label represents respectively:1- distribution power automation terminal, 2- circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop, 3- Hall current passes
Sensor, 4- serial ports, 5- information taken module, 6- optical fiber or wireless communication module, 7- power distribution automation main station.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in figure 1, a kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure, comprise the following steps:
S1. Hall current sensor, monitoring breaker divide-shut brake coil electricity are accessed in circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop
Stream information, and distribution power automation terminal is accessed by serial ports;
S2. distribution power automation terminal collection fundamental surveillance amount:The terminal remote measurement magnitude of current and remote signalling amount;
S3. the communication module of distribution power automation terminal adopts distribution power automation terminal communication port by terminal remote measurement electric current
Uploaded by Unified Communication agreement after amount, remote signalling amount and divide-shut brake coil current information taken;
S4. the terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, remote signalling amount and the divide-shut brake coil current information that upload collect to power distribution automation
Main website is monitored information evaluation;
S5. power distribution automation main station be monitored information evaluation include distributor breaker mechanical Characteristic assessment, distribution
Contact of breaker electric life is assessed and is provided Strategies of Maintenance to circuit-breaker status classification test and appraisal.
As shown in Fig. 2 described power distribution automation main station is monitored information evaluation comprising the following steps:
S10., when remote signalling amount changes, breaker mechanic property analysis and evaluation program starts to start;
S20. adopt intelligent mode matching algorithm, the divide-shut brake coil current information of collection is analyzed, assess electromagnetism
Iron iron core mechanism has or not bite, deformation, dropout failure;The motion feelings of the running part of assessment distributor breaker operating mechanism
Condition;The some mechanical defect type of assessment breaker and development trend;
S30. utilize divide-shut brake coil current, remote measurement curent change situation, and remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING breaker divides, closes
The lock time, based on drop-out current and branch wire time, drop-out current is extracted in analysis from remote measurement electric current, is calculated using weighting assessment
Method, calculates contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation, assesses contact of breaker electric life;
S40. according to above-mentioned assessment result, circuit-breaker status are carried out with classification test and appraisal, and provide fortune inspection strategy.
As shown in figure 3, described intelligent mode matching algorithm comprises the following steps that:
S100. set up divide-shut brake winding waveform storehouse, including each model breaker normal condition waveform library, tested breaker
History waveform library, and various defective waveform storehouse;
S200. the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current waveform information of collection is pre-processed;
S300. feature extraction and selection is carried out to the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current waveform information of collection;
S400. indicatrix generates and characteristic matching and comparative analysis, by by tested waveform and normal waveform, history
The diversity factor of waveform is quantified, and assesses breaker mechanical state, assesses mechanical lacking by carrying out mating with defective waveform feature
Fall into and reason.
As shown in figure 4, described calculate contact of breaker electrical wear situation using weighting assessment algorithm, assessment breaker touches
Head the comprising the following steps that of electric life:
S01. distributor breaker divide-shut brake coil drop-out current open and close times, arc time parameter are monitored;
S02. divide-shut brake coil current information, remote measurement curent change situation are utilized, and remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING breaker
Point, closing time;
S03. it is based on drop-out current and branch wire time, drop-out current is extracted in analysis from remote measurement electric current, comments using weighting
Estimation algorithm, calculates contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation;
S04. contact of breaker electrical wear amount assessment of scenario electrical contact endurance, the residual life of prediction contact are passed through.
The formula of described calculating contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation is as follows:
Wherein Q is the electrical wear amount of contact, IiFor i & lt drop-out current, tiFor i & lt opening-closing arcing time;tiBy dividing
Closing coil electric current, remote measurement curent change situation, and the acquisition of remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING.
The circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information of described Hall current sensor monitoring is through A/D converter by analog quantity
After being converted into digital quantity, distribution power automation terminal is accessed by serial ports.
As shown in figure 5, a kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring assessment system, including being arranged on power distribution automation
The monitoring device of terminal 1, distribution power automation terminal communication port and power distribution automation main station 7,
Described monitoring device include access circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop 2 in Hall current sensor 3, distribution automatic
Change terminal telemetry module and remote signal module, Hall current sensor 2 is used for monitoring breaker divide-shut brake coil current information and incites somebody to action
It is transferred to the information taken module 5 of distribution power automation terminal by serial ports 4, and distribution power automation terminal telemetry module is used for gathering
The terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, remote signal module is used for gathering the remote signalling amount of distribution power automation terminal;
Described distribution power automation terminal communication port includes information taken module 5 and optical fiber or wireless communication module 6, letter
Breath collection module 5 is used for being collected circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information, the remote measurement magnitude of current and remote signalling amount, optical fiber or no
Monitoring information after line communication module 6 is used for collecting information taken module is uploaded to power distribution automation using Unified Communication agreement
Main website 7;
Described power distribution automation main station 7 is used for the monitoring information after collecting being analyzed process, and provides distributor breaker
Mechanical property assessment result and fortune inspection strategy.
A/D converter is connected on described Hall current sensor 3, for believing the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current of collection
Breath analog signal is converted into data signal and is easy to by Serial Port Transmission.
The present invention makes full use of the basic function of distribution power automation terminal, by installing simply suddenly in distributor breaker
That current sensor, and combine automatization terminal communication channel, remote measurement, remote signalling amount, realize the remote of distributor breaker mechanical performance
Journey on-line monitoring, improves the specific aim of overhaul of the equipments, effectively expands application in terms of distribution O&M for the power distribution automation.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to
Limit the present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles in the present invention etc., all should comprise
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Access Hall current sensor in circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop, monitoring breaker divide-shut brake coil current information,
And distribution power automation terminal is accessed by serial ports;
Distribution power automation terminal gathers fundamental surveillance amount:The terminal remote measurement magnitude of current and remote signalling amount;
The communication module of distribution power automation terminal adopts distribution power automation terminal communication port by the terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, remote signalling amount
And uploaded by Unified Communication agreement after divide-shut brake coil current information taken;
The terminal remote measurement magnitude of current that uploads, remote signalling amount and divide-shut brake coil current information collect and carry out to power distribution automation main station
Monitoring information is assessed;
Power distribution automation main station be monitored information evaluation include distributor breaker mechanical Characteristic assessment, distributor breaker touch
Head electric life is assessed and is provided Strategies of Maintenance to circuit-breaker status classification test and appraisal.
2. distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described join
Electric automation main website is monitored information evaluation and comprises the following steps:
When remote signalling amount changes, breaker mechanic property analysis and evaluation program starts to start;
Using intelligent mode matching algorithm, the divide-shut brake coil current information of collection is analyzed, assesses electromagnet core machine
Structure has or not bite, deformation, dropout failure;The motion conditions of the running part of assessment distributor breaker operating mechanism;Assessment
The some mechanical defect type of breaker and development trend;
Divided using divide-shut brake coil current, remote measurement curent change situation, and remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING breaker, closing time,
Based on drop-out current and branch wire time, drop-out current is extracted in analysis from remote measurement electric current, using weighting assessment algorithm, calculates disconnected
Road device contact electrical wear amount situation, assesses contact of breaker electric life;
According to above-mentioned assessment result, circuit-breaker status are carried out with classification test and appraisal, and provide fortune inspection strategy.
3. distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that described intelligence
Can pattern matching algorithm comprise the following steps that:
Set up divide-shut brake winding waveform storehouse, including each model breaker normal condition waveform library, tested breaker history waveform
Storehouse, and various defective waveform storehouse;
The circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current waveform information of collection is pre-processed;
Feature extraction and selection is carried out to the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current waveform information of collection;
Indicatrix generates and characteristic matching and comparative analysis, by by the difference of tested waveform and normal waveform, history waveform
Different degree is quantified, and assesses breaker mechanical state, by carrying out mating assessment mechanical defect and reason with defective waveform feature.
4. distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that described profit
With weighting assessment algorithm, calculate contact of breaker electrical wear situation, assess comprising the following steps that of contact of breaker electric life:
Monitoring distributor breaker divide-shut brake coil drop-out current open and close times, arc time parameter;
Using divide-shut brake coil current information, remote measurement curent change situation, and when remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING breaker divides, closes a floodgate
Between;
Based on drop-out current and branch wire time, drop-out current is extracted in analysis from remote measurement electric current, using weighting assessment algorithm, meter
Calculate contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation;
By contact of breaker electrical wear amount assessment of scenario electrical contact endurance, predict the residual life of contact.
5. distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that described meter
The formula calculating contact of breaker electrical wear amount situation is as follows:
Wherein Q is the electrical wear amount of contact, IiFor i & lt drop-out current, tiFor i & lt opening-closing arcing time;tiBy divide-shut brake
Coil current, remote measurement curent change situation, and the acquisition of remote signalling amount COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING.
6. distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring appraisal procedure according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described suddenly
You through A/D converter, analog quantity are converted into after digital quantity the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information of current sensor monitoring
Distribution power automation terminal is accessed by serial ports.
7. a kind of distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring assessment system is it is characterised in that include being arranged on power distribution automation
The monitoring device of terminal, distribution power automation terminal communication port and power distribution automation main station,
Described monitoring device include access circuit-breaker switching on-off wire loop in Hall current sensor, distribution power automation terminal
Telemetry module and remote signal module, Hall current sensor is used for monitoring breaker divide-shut brake coil current information and is passed through to go here and there
, to distribution power automation terminal, distribution power automation terminal telemetry module is for the acquisition terminal remote measurement magnitude of current, remote signal module for port transmission
For gathering the remote signalling amount of distribution power automation terminal;
Described distribution power automation terminal communication port includes information taken module and optical fiber or wireless communication module, information taken
Module is used for being collected circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information, the remote measurement magnitude of current and remote signalling amount, optical fiber or radio communication
Monitoring information after module is used for collecting information taken module is uploaded to power distribution automation main station using Unified Communication agreement;
Described power distribution automation main station is used for the monitoring information after collecting being analyzed process, and provides distributor breaker machinery special
Property assessment result and fortune inspection strategy.
8. distributor breaker mechanical property on-line monitoring assessment system according to claim 7 it is characterised in that described suddenly
A/D converter is connected on your current sensor, for changing the circuit-breaker switching on-off coil current information simulation signal of collection
Data signal is become to be easy to by Serial Port Transmission.
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CN109541453A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-29 | 南京谷贝电气科技有限公司 | A kind of mechanical characteristic of high-voltage circuit breaker on-line monitoring newer system |
CN109541454A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-29 | 南京谷贝电气科技有限公司 | A kind of renewable formula mechanical characteristic of high-voltage circuit breaker on-line monitoring system |
CN109556845A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-02 | 西门子电力自动化有限公司 | Monitoring method, monitoring device and the switchgear of the breaker of switchgear |
CN109765040A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-05-17 | 广州供电局有限公司 | The mechanical property on-line monitoring system of breaker |
CN110190588A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-30 | 浙江零壹智能电器研究院有限公司 | Breaker intelligent monitoring and protective module |
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CN110954812A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-03 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method and system for diagnosing electric service life of circuit breaker based on dispatching automation data |
CN112540292A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-03-23 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司检修公司 | Device and method for counting circuit breaker action times |
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CN109556845A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-02 | 西门子电力自动化有限公司 | Monitoring method, monitoring device and the switchgear of the breaker of switchgear |
CN109541453A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-03-29 | 南京谷贝电气科技有限公司 | A kind of mechanical characteristic of high-voltage circuit breaker on-line monitoring newer system |
CN109541453B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-11-12 | 南京谷贝电气科技有限公司 | Online monitoring and updating system for mechanical characteristics of high-voltage circuit breaker |
CN109765040A (en) * | 2019-01-03 | 2019-05-17 | 广州供电局有限公司 | The mechanical property on-line monitoring system of breaker |
CN110190588A (en) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-08-30 | 浙江零壹智能电器研究院有限公司 | Breaker intelligent monitoring and protective module |
CN110954812A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-03 | 广东电网有限责任公司 | Method and system for diagnosing electric service life of circuit breaker based on dispatching automation data |
CN110907812A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-03-24 | 重庆望变电气(集团)股份有限公司 | Detection system and method for mechanical characteristics of circuit breaker |
CN112540292A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-03-23 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司检修公司 | Device and method for counting circuit breaker action times |
CN113552448A (en) * | 2021-08-05 | 2021-10-26 | 华能沾化热电有限公司 | Breaker state detection method |
CN114019366A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-02-08 | 苏州迪芬德物联网科技有限公司 | Electrical component contact loss evaluation method |
CN114019366B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-01-16 | 苏州迪芬德物联网科技有限公司 | Electrical component contact loss evaluation method |
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