CN106404617B - Smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device - Google Patents
Smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN106404617B CN106404617B CN201610999500.XA CN201610999500A CN106404617B CN 106404617 B CN106404617 B CN 106404617B CN 201610999500 A CN201610999500 A CN 201610999500A CN 106404617 B CN106404617 B CN 106404617B
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- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 105
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
- G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device, which comprises a smoke generating device, a smoke buffer device, a laser transmitting device and a signal receiving and processing device, wherein the smoke generating device is used for generating smoke; wherein: the smoke generating device comprises a smoke generating box and a smoke measuring section; the smoke buffer device comprises a buffer container and a smoke exhaust fan; the laser emitting device comprises a stabilized voltage power supply and a laser light source; the signal receiving and processing device comprises a photosensitive diode, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer. The invention can limit the smoke particles in the space of the measuring section, is convenient for measuring the extinction or scattering condition of even a small amount of smoke particles, and has strong experimental repeatability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of smoke extinction and scattering characteristic measurement, in particular to a smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measurement device.
Background
The smoke is an important fire reference quantity in the early stage of a fire, and the fire can be alarmed in the very early stage by detecting the smoke of the fire, so that the fire smoke detection technology is always a research hotspot in the field of fire detection. A common smoke detection method is to measure the extinction characteristic or scattering characteristic of smoke particles, for example, a point-type photoelectric smoke detector is developed based on the light scattering theory, and a linear beam smoke detector is developed according to the extinction characteristic of smoke, so that the deep understanding of the extinction and scattering characteristics of smoke particles is helpful for the research and development of detection technology. The extinction and scattering characteristics of the smoke particles are related to factors such as the wavelength emitted by a light source, the type and the size of the smoke particles, and the like, and the smoke detection technology can effectively improve the detection performance and reduce the false alarm rate by selecting a proper emission wavelength and a proper detection angle.
The invention is mainly applied to the measurement of smoke particles generated by four standard test fires (wood pyrolysis smoldering fire, cotton rope smoldering fire, polyurethane plastic fire and normal heptane fire) specified in GB4715-2005 (Point type smoke fire detector), and provides experimental data support for the research of the fire detection field by researching the extinction and scattering characteristics of different smoke particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to realize the measurement of the extinction and scattering characteristics of smoke particles and lay an experimental data foundation for the development of a smoke detector.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device comprises a smoke generating device, a smoke buffering device, a laser transmitting device and a signal receiving and processing device; wherein:
the smoke generating device comprises a smoke generating box and a smoke measuring section, wherein glass windows are arranged on two sides of the smoke generating box, so that the test condition in the box can be observed, the smoke generating box can realize four specified standard test fires, the generated smoke moves upwards through the measuring section under the action of a smoke exhaust fan, a cylindrical sleeve fixedly provided with a laser light source and a photosensitive diode is arranged in the middle of the measuring section, and a glass lens is arranged on the inner end surface of the sleeve, so that smoke particles in the smoke generating box can be prevented from directly contacting and polluting the laser light source or the photosensitive diode;
the smoke buffer device comprises a buffer container and a smoke exhaust fan, wherein the buffer container is used for enabling the airflow in the measuring section to move stably and reducing the influence of the external environment, and the smoke exhaust fan can enable the airflow in the device to move upwards stably;
the laser emitting device comprises a stabilized voltage power supply and a laser light source, and the emitting wavelength and the emitting power of the laser light source can be replaced according to experimental requirements;
the signal receiving and processing device comprises a photosensitive diode, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer, wherein the photosensitive diode receives the extinction or scattered light intensity and converts the extinction or scattered light intensity into an electric signal, the electric signal is amplified by the signal amplifier and then acquired to the computer by the data acquisition card, and an experimental data result is obtained.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the device limits smoke particles in the device, and does not pollute other experimental equipment.
2. The smoke particles move upwards to pass through the measuring section with the smaller cross section, so that extinction or scattering signals can be detected under the condition that only a small amount of smoke particles exist, and the measurement of the extinction or scattering characteristics of early smoke particles is facilitated.
3. The fixed mounting sleeve of the measuring section can be configured with relative angles according to needs, so that scattering signals of required angles can be conveniently measured.
4. The fixed mounting sleeve of the measuring section ensures that the optical path is certain when extinction or scattering occurs, the repeatability of the experiment is better, and meanwhile, the transverse comparison experiment among different kinds of smoke particles is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the entire experimental apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective and top view of a measurement section, wherein FIG. 2(a) is a schematic perspective view of the measurement section and FIG. 2(b) is a schematic top view of the measurement section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an experimental apparatus;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment;
the device comprises a laser light source 1, a photosensitive diode 2, a smoke exhaust fan 3, a buffer container 4, a fixed mounting sleeve of the laser light source and the photosensitive diode 5, a measuring section 6, a smoke generating box 7, a smoke source 8, a glass lens 9, a stabilized voltage power supply of the laser light source 10, a signal amplifier 11, a data acquisition card 12, a computer 13, a laser beam 14, a smoke particle cloud 15 and an extinction device 16.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Example 1
One possible arrangement of the fixed mounting sleeves 5 on the measuring section for measuring the extinction characteristics of smoke particles is shown in fig. 4(a), with one fixed mounting sleeve 5 arranged at every 30 ° along the circumference. In order to reduce the influence of ambient light on the photosensitive element, a laser light source 1 with a near infrared wavelength, such as a 850nm laser diode module, is selected, and the experimental steps are as follows:
1) the laser light source 1 is arranged on a fixed mounting sleeve 5, and a photosensitive diode 2 is arranged at the position opposite to the fixed mounting sleeve;
2) sealing the other fixed mounting sleeves, shielding external ambient light, and putting the experimental material into a smoke-producing box;
3) completing wiring of each experimental device, lightening the laser light source 1, and starting the signal amplifier 11, the data acquisition card 12 and corresponding computer software;
4) turning on the smoke exhaust fan 3, adjusting to a low level, and heating or igniting the material to smoke;
5) and after the experiment is finished, storing data, closing each experimental device, and adjusting the smoke exhaust fan 3 to a high grade to exhaust smoke.
Example 2
One possible arrangement of the fixed mounting sleeves 5 on the measuring section is shown in fig. 4(b), where the scattering characteristic of smoke particles in the direction of the scattering angle of 30 ° is measured, and one fixed mounting sleeve 5 is circumferentially arranged at intervals of 30 °. In order to reduce the influence of ambient light on the photosensitive element, a laser light source with a near infrared wavelength, such as a 850nm laser diode module, is selected, and the experimental steps are as follows:
1) mounting a laser light source 1 on a fixed mounting sleeve 5, and mounting a photosensitive diode 2 in one case as shown in fig. 4(b), wherein an included angle between the axis of the laser light source 1 and the axis of the photosensitive diode 2 is 30 degrees;
2) an extinction device 16 is arranged at the opposite position of the laser light source 1 to avoid the influence of laser beam reflected light, the rest fixed mounting sleeves are closed to shield the external environment light, and the experimental material is put into a smoke-producing box;
3) completing wiring of each experimental device, lightening the laser light source 1, and starting the signal amplifier 11, the data acquisition card 12 and corresponding computer software;
4) turning on the smoke exhaust fan 3, adjusting to a low level, and heating or igniting the material to smoke;
5) and after the experiment is finished, storing data, closing each experimental device, and adjusting the smoke exhaust fan 3 to a high grade to exhaust smoke.
Claims (1)
1. A smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device is characterized in that: comprises a smoke generating device, a smoke buffer device, a laser transmitting device and a signal receiving and processing device; wherein:
the smoke generating device comprises a smoke generating box and a smoke measuring section, wherein glass windows are arranged on two sides of the smoke generating box, so that the test condition in the box can be observed, the smoke generating box can realize four specified standard test fires, the generated smoke moves upwards through the measuring section under the action of a smoke exhaust fan, a cylindrical sleeve fixedly provided with a laser light source and a photosensitive diode is arranged in the middle of the measuring section, and a glass lens is arranged on the inner end surface of the sleeve, so that smoke particles in the smoke generating box can be prevented from directly contacting and polluting the laser light source or the photosensitive diode;
the smoke buffer device comprises a buffer container and a smoke exhaust fan, wherein the buffer container is used for enabling the airflow in the measuring section to move stably and reducing the influence of the external environment, and the smoke exhaust fan can enable the airflow in the device to move upwards stably;
the laser emitting device comprises a stabilized voltage power supply and a laser light source, and the emitting wavelength and the emitting power of the laser light source can be replaced according to experimental requirements;
the signal receiving and processing device comprises a photosensitive diode, a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card and a computer, wherein the photosensitive diode receives the extinction or scattered light intensity and converts the extinction or scattered light intensity into an electric signal, the electric signal is amplified by the signal amplifier and then is acquired to the computer by the data acquisition card to obtain an experimental data result;
the working mode is as follows:
the extinction characteristic of the smoke particles is measured, and a feasible fixed mounting sleeve configuration mode on a measuring section is as follows: a fixed mounting sleeve is arranged at intervals of 30 degrees along the circumference, in order to reduce the influence of ambient light on a photosensitive element, a laser light source with near infrared wavelength is selected, specifically a 850nm laser diode module, and the experimental steps are as follows:
1) installing a laser light source on a fixed installation sleeve, and installing a photosensitive diode at the position opposite to the fixed installation sleeve;
2) sealing the other fixed mounting sleeves, shielding external ambient light, and putting the experimental material into a smoke-producing box;
3) completing wiring of each experimental device, lightening a laser light source, and starting a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card and corresponding computer software;
4) turning on a smoke exhaust fan, adjusting to a low level, and heating or igniting the material to smoke;
5) after the experiment is finished, storing data, turning off each experimental device, adjusting the smoke exhaust fan to a high grade, and exhausting smoke;
the second working mode is as follows:
the scattering characteristic of the smoke particles in the direction with the scattering angle of 30 degrees is measured, and a feasible fixed mounting sleeve configuration mode is adopted on the measuring section: a fixed mounting sleeve is arranged at intervals of 30 degrees along the circumference, in order to reduce the influence of ambient light on a photosensitive element, a laser light source with near infrared wavelength is selected, specifically a 850nm laser diode module, and the experimental steps are as follows:
1) installing a laser light source on the fixed installation sleeve, wherein the included angle between the axis of the laser light source and the axis of the photosensitive diode (2) is 30 degrees;
2) an extinction device is arranged at the opposite position of the laser light source to avoid the influence of laser beam reflected light, the other fixed mounting sleeves are closed to shield the external environment light, and the experimental material is put into a smoke-producing box;
3) completing wiring of each experimental device, lightening a laser light source, and starting a signal amplifier, a data acquisition card and corresponding computer software;
4) turning on a smoke exhaust fan, adjusting to a low level, and heating or igniting the material to smoke;
5) after the experiment is finished, storing data, turning off each experimental device, adjusting the smoke exhaust fan to a high grade, and exhausting smoke;
the smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device limits smoke particles in the device, and does not pollute other experimental equipment;
the smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device enables smoke particles to move upwards to pass through the measuring section with the smaller cross section, so that an extinction or scattering signal can be detected under the condition that only a small amount of smoke particles exist, and the measurement of the extinction or scattering characteristic of early smoke particles is facilitated;
the fixed mounting sleeve of the measurement section of the smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measurement device can be configured with relative angles according to needs, so that scattering signals of required angles can be conveniently measured;
the fixed mounting sleeve of the measurement section of the smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measurement device ensures that the optical path is certain when extinction or scattering occurs, the repeatability of the experiment is better, and meanwhile, the device is also beneficial to transverse comparison experiments among different kinds of smoke particles.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610999500.XA CN106404617B (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2016-11-14 | Smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201610999500.XA CN106404617B (en) | 2016-11-14 | 2016-11-14 | Smoke particle extinction and scattering characteristic measuring device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106918533B (en) * | 2017-02-27 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学技术大学 | Measuring device for extinction scattering characteristics of smoke particles under low pressure |
| CN112540032B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2024-10-01 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | Novel tobacco smoke quantity measuring platform |
| CN116297296B (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-08-22 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Extinction performance parameter determination method and system for non-spherical biological particle material |
| CN117589643A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-23 | 大连理工大学 | System for researching solid particle removal rule in pipeline and use method thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102375046A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-14 | 中国科学技术大学 | Simulation experiment box |
| CN104596645A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-06 | 长春理工大学 | Completely-polarized multi-angle scattering simulation and testing system for complex environment |
| CN105588792A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Two-dimensional smoke concentration field measuring device based on sheet light source |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102375046A (en) * | 2010-08-18 | 2012-03-14 | 中国科学技术大学 | Simulation experiment box |
| CN104596645A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-05-06 | 长春理工大学 | Completely-polarized multi-angle scattering simulation and testing system for complex environment |
| CN105588792A (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2016-05-18 | 中国科学技术大学 | Two-dimensional smoke concentration field measuring device based on sheet light source |
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