CN106404323B - Lamination shear model soil case is applied to when underground structure vibration bench test soil body horizontal to big displacement test method and device - Google Patents
Lamination shear model soil case is applied to when underground structure vibration bench test soil body horizontal to big displacement test method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
叠层剪切型模型土箱应用于地下结构振动台试验时土体水平向大位移测试方法和装置属于土木工程技术领域。装置包括叠层剪切模型箱(1)、位移测试系统(3),所述位移测试系统(3)包括位移记录书写台(4)、位移传送装置(5)、模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置(6);其中,所述位移传送装置(5)与叠层剪切模型箱(1)固定连接,与位移记录书写台(4)活动连接;位移记录书写台(4)通过模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置(6)与叠层剪切模型箱(1)固定连接;本发明克服了模型试验中接触式位移传感器安装困难和非接触式位移传感器对成像技术要求高以及需要后期数据处理的问题,简单,可靠性高,易于实施。
A method and device for testing large horizontal displacement of soil when a laminated shear type model soil box is applied to a shaking table test of an underground structure belong to the technical field of civil engineering. The device includes a laminated shear model box (1), a displacement test system (3), and the displacement test system (3) includes a displacement recording writing table (4), a displacement transmission device (5), a model box and a displacement measurement system Connecting device (6); wherein, the displacement transmission device (5) is fixedly connected with the laminated shearing model box (1), and is flexibly connected with the displacement recording writing table (4); the displacement recording writing table (4) passes through the model box The connection device (6) of the displacement measurement system is fixedly connected with the laminated shear model box (1); the present invention overcomes the difficulty in installing the contact displacement sensor in the model test and the non-contact displacement sensor has high requirements on imaging technology and needs post-processing The problem of data processing is simple, reliable and easy to implement.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于土木工程技术领域,涉及一种叠层剪切型模型土箱应用于地下结构振动台试验时土体水平向大位移测试方法和装置。The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering, and relates to a method and a device for testing large horizontal displacement of soil when a laminated shear type model soil box is applied to a shaking table test of an underground structure.
背景技术Background technique
大规模的轨道交通建设,使地铁车站结构不可避免穿越可液化土层。20世纪80年代以来,通过一系列震害调查认为地震中的房屋、桥梁、堤坝、地下结构等大量结构物严重破坏的主要原因是土体液化引起的侧向大位移,只有当液化引起的变形足以危害建筑物安全或正常使用时才造成危害,因此液化问题研究的核心是变形发展过程。地面大位移对结构的破坏这一课题的研究在世界岩土抗震工程领域逐渐引起了广泛重视。从国内外抗震设计方法的发展可以看出,地下结构的抗震设计指导思想,也已从传统的强度判别逐步发展到变形控制的设计原则(反应位移法),土体变形分析越来越受到重视。Large-scale rail transit construction makes it inevitable that the subway station structure will pass through the liquefiable soil layer. Since the 1980s, through a series of earthquake damage investigations, it has been concluded that the main cause of severe damage to buildings, bridges, dams, underground structures and other structures during earthquakes is the large lateral displacement caused by soil liquefaction. Only when the deformation caused by liquefaction It is enough to endanger the safety of buildings or cause harm when it is used normally. Therefore, the core of the research on liquefaction is the deformation development process. The research on the damage of structures caused by large ground displacements has gradually attracted widespread attention in the field of geotechnical seismic engineering in the world. From the development of seismic design methods at home and abroad, it can be seen that the guiding ideology of seismic design of underground structures has gradually developed from the traditional strength judgment to the design principle of deformation control (response displacement method), and soil deformation analysis has received more and more attention. .
试验中应力值的大多数量测方法从实质上讲都是量测变形值,且变形的测量比应力的测量更加直观,根据材料的本构关系很容易地利用应变分布推出应力分布,因此变形测量在模型试验中居于十分重要的位置。Most of the measurement methods of the stress value in the test are essentially the measurement of the deformation value, and the measurement of the deformation is more intuitive than the measurement of the stress. According to the constitutive relationship of the material, it is easy to use the strain distribution to deduce the stress distribution, so the deformation measurement It plays a very important role in the model test.
但由于测量技术的相对滞后,在土的动力试验中,尤其是在地下结构的大型振动台试验中,土的位移的测试一直是亟待解决的问题。However, due to the relative lag of measurement technology, in the dynamic test of soil, especially in the large-scale shaking table test of underground structure, the measurement of soil displacement has always been an urgent problem to be solved.
接触式测量,需要将测试仪器固定或贴紧在所测结构表面,这给实际应用带来许多安装困难,如目前常用的拉线式位移计等;非接触性位移测试技术作为一类新的位移测试方法,与常规物理或机械式位移测试方法相比,具有测试精度高并可以有效消除由于接触而产生的位移测试误差等优点,但是存在测试点位置及测试量程受限等缺点,如激光位移测试技术。近年来学者开展了采用光学相机采集的照片、动态视频结合后期图像处理的全局化、自动化位移测试技术的研究,这种方法对摄影技术要求较高,对后期处理技术也有一定的要求,当考虑较大位移时受限。Contact measurement requires the test instrument to be fixed or attached to the surface of the measured structure, which brings many installation difficulties to practical applications, such as the commonly used pull-wire displacement gauges; non-contact displacement measurement technology is a new type of displacement measurement Compared with the conventional physical or mechanical displacement test method, the test method has the advantages of high test accuracy and can effectively eliminate the displacement test error caused by contact, but has the disadvantages of limited test point position and test range, such as laser displacement testing technology. In recent years, scholars have carried out research on the globalization and automatic displacement testing technology of photographs and dynamic videos collected by optical cameras combined with post-image processing. This method has high requirements for photography technology and certain requirements for post-processing technology. When considering Limited to larger displacements.
现有研究表明:叠层剪切型模型土箱可以有效减少对土体剪切变形的约束,箱体各层方刚管的水平位移近似代表了所在土层的水平位移。因此,可以通过获取箱体各层方钢管的水平位移来近似反应土体的变形。Existing studies have shown that the laminated shear model soil box can effectively reduce the constraints on the shear deformation of the soil, and the horizontal displacement of the square tubes in each layer of the box approximately represents the horizontal displacement of the soil layer. Therefore, the deformation of the soil can be approximated by obtaining the horizontal displacement of the square steel pipes of each layer of the box.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种可靠性高,位移测试可视化的叠层剪切型模型土箱应用于地下结构振动台试验时土体水平向大位移测试方法和装置。克服上述的不足,解决振动条件下土体剪切大变形的测量问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a method and device for testing large horizontal displacement of soil when a laminated shear type model soil box with high reliability and visualized displacement test is applied to underground structure shaking table test. It overcomes the above-mentioned deficiencies and solves the measurement problem of large shear deformation of soil under vibration conditions.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种叠层剪切模型箱和位移测试系统,包括叠层剪切模型箱1、位移测试系统3,所述位移测试系统3还包括位移记录书写台4、位移传送装置5、模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6;其中,A laminated shear model box and a displacement test system, comprising a laminated shear model box 1, a displacement test system 3, the displacement test system 3 also includes a displacement record writing table 4, a displacement transmission device 5, a model box and a displacement test system Measuring system connecting device 6; wherein,
所述位移传送装置5与叠层剪切模型箱1固定连接,与位移记录书写台4活动连接;位移记录书写台4和叠层剪切模型箱1通过模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6通过叠层剪切模型箱方形钢管柱2和方形钢管横柱7固定连接。The displacement transmission device 5 is fixedly connected with the laminated shearing model box 1, and is flexibly connected with the displacement recording writing table 4; the displacement recording writing table 4 and the laminated shearing model box 1 pass through the model box and the displacement measurement system connecting device 6 The square steel pipe column 2 and the square steel pipe horizontal column 7 are fixedly connected through the laminated shear model box.
所述位移量测系统装置3包括位移记录书写台4、位移传送装置5、模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6。其中,位移传送装置5上位移传送条16一端固定在叠层剪切模型箱方型钢管柱2上,另一端位移记录笔 17与位移记录书写台4上的位移记录板14接触,位移记录书写台4通过书写台固定板8固定在模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6上,模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6底部与最底端叠层剪切模型箱方形钢管柱2 相连,顶部和方形钢管横柱7相连。The displacement measurement system device 3 includes a displacement recording writing table 4 , a displacement transmission device 5 , a model box and a displacement measurement system connection device 6 . Wherein, one end of the displacement transmission strip 16 on the displacement transmission device 5 is fixed on the square steel pipe column 2 of the laminated shear model box, and the displacement recording pen 17 at the other end is in contact with the displacement recording board 14 on the displacement recording writing table 4, and the displacement recording is written. The table 4 is fixed on the model box and the displacement measurement system connection device 6 through the writing table fixing plate 8, the bottom of the model box and the displacement measurement system connection device 6 is connected with the square steel pipe column 2 of the bottommost laminated shear model box, and the top is Link to each other with square steel pipe cross column 7.
所述位移记录书写台4包括书写台固定板8、可调速电机9、电机安装板10、纸带传送上滚轴11、纸带传送下滚轴12、预调节输送旋钮 13、位移记录板14、纸带抚平镇压管15。书写板14为位移计录笔17 书写区域,上面放置可书写纸带,可调速电机9带动纸带传送上滚轴11 和纸带传送下滚轴12运动,通过摩擦带动纸带的匀速运动,抚平镇压管15保证纸带的平整。The displacement recording writing table 4 includes a writing table fixing plate 8, an adjustable speed motor 9, a motor mounting plate 10, a paper tape conveying upper roller 11, a paper tape conveying lower roller 12, a pre-adjustment conveying knob 13, and a displacement recording board 14, the paper tape smoothes the suppression pipe 15. The writing board 14 is the writing area of the displacement meter pen 17, on which a writable paper tape is placed, and the adjustable speed motor 9 drives the paper tape conveying upper roller 11 and the paper tape conveying lower roller 12 to move, and drives the paper tape to move at a constant speed through friction , flatten the suppression pipe 15 to ensure the smoothness of the paper tape.
当叠层剪切模型箱每一层的方型钢管柱2运动时,带动位移传送装置5上位移传送条16和位移记录笔17的运动,由于书写板14上面放置可书写纸带,位移记录笔17便将某一时刻方型钢管柱2的位移运动过程记录在书写板14上预先放置的位移传送条上,由于可调速电机9 带动纸带传送上滚轴11和纸带传送下滚轴12运动,通过摩擦带动纸带使其匀速运动,且有抚平镇压管15保证纸带的平整,通过位移记录笔 17的记录将方型钢管柱2整个时间段的实际运动位移过程记录下来。When the square steel pipe column 2 of each layer of the laminated shearing model box moves, it drives the movement of the displacement transmission bar 16 and the displacement recording pen 17 on the displacement transmission device 5. Since the writing board 14 is placed with a writable paper tape, the displacement recording Pen 17 just records the displacement movement process of square steel pipe column 2 at a certain moment on the displacement transmission bar placed in advance on the writing board 14, because the adjustable speed motor 9 drives the paper tape to convey the upper roller 11 and the paper tape to convey the lower roll The shaft 12 moves, drives the paper tape through friction to make it move at a constant speed, and has a smoothing and suppressing tube 15 to ensure the smoothness of the paper tape, and records the actual movement and displacement process of the square steel pipe column 2 during the entire time period through the recording of the displacement recording pen 17 .
本发明的有益效果在于:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
该装置克服了模型试验中接触式位移传感器安装困难和非接触式位移传感器对成像技术要求高以及需要后期数据处理的问题,通过获取箱体各层方钢管的水平位移来近似反应土体的变形,更直观地记录振动台试验中土体位移的实际动态变化,具有结构简单,可靠性高,易于实施和围护的特点,可望在其他类似试验中得以应用。The device overcomes the difficulties in the installation of contact displacement sensors in model tests and the high requirements for imaging technology and the need for post-data processing of non-contact displacement sensors, and approximates the deformation of the soil by obtaining the horizontal displacement of square steel pipes in each layer of the box. , to more intuitively record the actual dynamic changes of soil displacement in shaking table tests. It has the characteristics of simple structure, high reliability, easy implementation and enclosure, and is expected to be applied in other similar tests.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明一种叠层剪切模型箱和位移测试系统整体装配示意图;Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall assembly of a laminated shear model box and a displacement testing system of the present invention;
图2是本发明一种位移测试系统整体示意图;Fig. 2 is an overall schematic diagram of a displacement testing system of the present invention;
图3是本发明一种位移记录书写台示意图;Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a displacement recording writing table of the present invention;
图4是本发明一种位移传送书写笔示意图;Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a displacement transmission writing pen of the present invention;
图5是本发明实施例结果图;Fig. 5 is a result figure of the embodiment of the present invention;
附图标记:Reference signs:
1 叠层剪切模型箱 2 叠层剪切模型箱方型钢管柱1 Laminated shear model box 2 Laminated shear model box Square steel pipe column
3 位移测试系统 4 位移记录书写台3 Displacement test system 4 Displacement record writing table
5 位移传送装置 6 模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置5 Displacement transmission device 6 Model box and displacement measurement system connection device
7 方形钢管横柱 8 书写台固定板7 Square steel pipe cross column 8 Writing table fixing plate
9 可调速电机 10 电机安装板9 Adjustable speed motor 10 Motor mounting plate
11 纸带传送上滚轴 12 纸带传送下滚轴11 Tape delivery upper roller 12 Tape delivery lower roller
13 预调节输送旋钮 14 位移记录板13 Pre-adjustment delivery knob 14 Displacement recording plate
15 纸带抚平镇压管 16 位移传送条15 Paper tape smoothing and suppressing tube 16 Displacement transmission strip
17 位移记录笔17 displacement recording pen
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图及具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1-4所示,叠层剪切型模型土箱应用于地下结构振动台试验时土体水平向大位移测试装置,包括叠层剪切形模型箱1和位移测量系统装置3。叠层剪切形模型箱1在此发明中用到的部位包括方形钢管柱2 和方形钢管横柱7。As shown in Figures 1-4, the laminated shear model soil box is used in the shaking table test of underground structures as a test device for large horizontal displacement of soil, including a laminated shear model box 1 and a displacement measurement system device 3 . The parts of the laminated shear model box 1 used in this invention include a square steel pipe column 2 and a square steel pipe cross column 7 .
如图1、图2和图4所示,位移量测系统装置3包括位移记录书写台4、位移传送装置5、模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6。其中,位移传送装置5上位移传送条16一端固定在叠层剪切模型箱方型钢管柱2 上,另一端位移记录笔17与位移记录书写台4上的位移记录板14接触,位移记录书写台4通过书写台固定板8固定在模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6上,模型箱和位移量测系统连接装置6底部与最底端叠层剪切模型箱方形钢管柱2相连,顶部和方形钢管横柱7相连。As shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , the displacement measurement system device 3 includes a displacement recording writing table 4 , a displacement transmission device 5 , a model box and a displacement measurement system connection device 6 . Wherein, one end of the displacement transmission strip 16 on the displacement transmission device 5 is fixed on the square steel pipe column 2 of the laminated shearing model box, and the displacement recording pen 17 of the other end contacts the displacement recording plate 14 on the displacement recording writing table 4, and the displacement recording is written. The table 4 is fixed on the model box and the displacement measurement system connection device 6 through the writing table fixing plate 8, the bottom of the model box and the displacement measurement system connection device 6 is connected with the square steel pipe column 2 of the stacked shear model box at the bottom, and the top is Link to each other with square steel pipe cross column 7.
如图1和图3所示,位移记录书写台4包括书写台固定板8、可调速电机9、电机安装板10、纸带传送上滚轴11、纸带传送下滚轴12、预调节输送旋钮13、位移记录板14、纸带抚平镇压管15。书写板14为位移计录笔17书写区域,上面放置可书写纸带,可调速电机9带动纸带传送上滚轴11和纸带传送下滚轴12运动,通过摩擦带动纸带的匀速运动,抚平镇压管15保证纸带的平整。As shown in Figures 1 and 3, the displacement recording writing table 4 includes a writing table fixing plate 8, an adjustable speed motor 9, a motor mounting plate 10, a paper tape conveying upper roller 11, a paper tape conveying lower roller 12, a pre-adjustment Conveying knob 13, displacement recording board 14, paper tape smoothing and suppressing tube 15. The writing board 14 is the writing area of the displacement meter pen 17, on which a writable paper tape is placed, and the speed-adjustable motor 9 drives the paper tape transmission upper roller 11 and the paper tape transmission lower roller 12 to move, and drives the paper tape to move at a constant speed through friction , flatten the suppression pipe 15 to ensure the smoothness of the paper tape.
该装置克服了模型试验中接触式位移传感器安装困难和非接触式位移传感器对成像技术要求高以及需要后期数据处理的问题,更直观地记录振动台试验中土体位移的实际动态变化,具有结构简单,可靠性高,易于实施和围护的特点,可望在其他类似试验中得以应用。The device overcomes the difficulty in installing the contact displacement sensor in the model test and the high imaging technology requirements of the non-contact displacement sensor and the need for post-data processing. It can more intuitively record the actual dynamic changes of the soil displacement in the shaking table test. The characteristics of simplicity, high reliability, easy implementation and maintenance are expected to be applied in other similar experiments.
在正弦波作用下,采用本说明中位移测试方法测得的叠层剪切型模型土箱某层方钢管的水平位移,与采用非接触式位移测试方法测得箱体同一位置处的位移,只是大小上存在略微差别,位移变化趋势基本相似,说明自行研发的位移测试方法具有较好的测试效果,同时克服了拉线式位移计固定困难及非接触式位移计测试量程受限的问题,可以用于地下结构振动台试验时土体水平向大位移测试。Under the action of sine waves, the horizontal displacement of a certain layer of square steel pipes in a laminated shear model soil box measured by the displacement test method in this note is the same as the displacement at the same position of the box measured by the non-contact displacement test method. There is only a slight difference in size, and the displacement trend is basically similar, indicating that the self-developed displacement test method has a good test effect, and at the same time overcomes the problems of the difficulty of fixing the pull-wire displacement gauge and the limited test range of the non-contact displacement gauge. It is used for the horizontal large displacement test of the soil during the shaking table test of the underground structure.
最后所应该说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或等同替代,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围,其均应涵盖在发明权利要求范围中。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention without limitation, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the technical solution of the present invention can be Modifications or equivalent substitutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the claims of the invention.
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CN108534729A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-14 | 广西汽车集团有限公司 | A kind of displacement measurement tool |
CN109141789A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2019-01-04 | 同济大学 | A kind of shear model box of the adjustable natural frequency of vibration |
CN110887745A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-17 | 宁波大学 | A real-time measurement method for tangential and normal displacements of large-scale rock mass structural plane shear test based on projected capacitive screen |
CN112834365B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2024-07-19 | 西安石油大学 | Bidirectional laminated soil shearing box for vibrating table test and use method |
CN113465856B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2022-01-04 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | A cabin FM tooling |
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CN102183194A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-09-14 | 北京工业大学 | Soil body internal horizontal displacement test technology for underground structure vibration table testing |
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EP0066723A1 (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-15 | Mannesmann Kienzle GmbH | Vibration device for tachograph |
CN2161919Y (en) * | 1992-12-07 | 1994-04-13 | 哈尔滨船舶工程学院 | Electrical signal output device of mechanical vibration-testing meter |
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JP2001331266A (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2001-11-30 | Funai Electric Co Ltd | Coordinate inputting device |
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