CN106400616B - Large radius chamfering sleeper and construction method for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control - Google Patents
Large radius chamfering sleeper and construction method for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control Download PDFInfo
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- CN106400616B CN106400616B CN201611100071.4A CN201611100071A CN106400616B CN 106400616 B CN106400616 B CN 106400616B CN 201611100071 A CN201611100071 A CN 201611100071A CN 106400616 B CN106400616 B CN 106400616B
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- reinforcing bar
- sleeper
- anticracking
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B3/00—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails
- E01B3/28—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone
- E01B3/32—Transverse or longitudinal sleepers; Other means resting directly on the ballastway for supporting rails made from concrete or from natural or artificial stone with armouring or reinforcement
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B1/00—Ballastway; Other means for supporting the sleepers or the track; Drainage of the ballastway
- E01B1/002—Ballastless track, e.g. concrete slab trackway, or with asphalt layers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
- E01B29/00—Laying, rebuilding, or taking-up tracks; Tools or machines therefor
- E01B29/005—Making of concrete parts of the track in situ
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Abstract
For the large radius chamfering sleeper and construction method of non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, in large radius chamfering sleeper, 1, sleeper corner use large radius chamfering, chamfer site is typically no less than 80mm equivalent to a quarter round platform, round platform top radius.2nd, anticracking reinforcing bar is laid on sleeper periphery, the ring-type of closing can be arranged along on the outside of sleeper or arrangement circularizes two kinds of forms only in the certain limit of sleeper end.Anticracking reinforcing bar uses Ribbed Bar, and its nominal diameter span is 14mm ~ 20mm.3rd, the protective layer thickness of anticracking reinforcing bar takes 35mm when carbonization environment function grade is T2；When carbonization grade is T3,45mm is taken.Clear spacing value span between anticracking reinforcing bar and sleeper is 20mm ~ 30mm.4th, it should be noted that fixed position of the anticracking reinforcing bar in solid concrete roabed be accurate and fastness when large radius chamfering sleeper is constructed, while pay attention to the insulation of anticracking reinforcing bar and other reinforcing bars.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the construction technology of ballastless track of high-speed railway concrete.
Background technology
High-speed railway generally uses non-fragment orbit, and this is a kind of high stability, high ride and the track structure repaired less,
Feature with concrete structure.But the solid concrete roabed plate of non-fragment orbit, during construction stage and operation, concrete is opened
The problem of being extremely difficult to control is split, it is particularly more prominent in this regional problem of NORTHWEST CHINA.Because solid concrete roabed plate is inherently
The armoured concrete slab smaller equivalent to body surface, along with the Northwest arid, strong wind and day and night temperature are big the characteristics of, all
The contraction at hardening initial stage and later stage drying shrinkage are being condensed and thus caused concrete cracking produces large effect to concrete.
For the square end type sleeper used at this stage, because the chamfer radius in its corner are too small, solid concrete roabed plate is easily caused to mix
Solidifying soil due to condense hardening initial stage contraction and the concrete shrinkage in later stage and in-orbit cornu occipitale portion forms stress concentration, so as to cause
The in-orbit cornu occipitale portion of solid concrete roabed plate produces splayed cracking.This cracking can decline the bearing capacity of solid concrete roabed and durability.
Even occur due to concrete cracking when serious and solid concrete roabed is removed to the phenomenon done over again again.
Concrete is the abbreviation of concrete.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of large radius chamfering sleeper and construction party for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control
Method.
The present invention is the large radius chamfering sleeper and construction method for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, for non-fragment orbit
The large radius chamfering sleeper of concrete crack control, for the corner of concrete sleeper, using the sleeper chamfer site 1 of large radius chamfering,
Chamfer site is equivalent to a quarter round platform；The gradient of chamfer site side is fallen with concrete sleeper interlude 2 and sleeper end
The side grade at position 3 is consistent between angle；First anticracking reinforcing bar 4 or the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 are set on the outside of sleeper；First is anti-
The ring-type that reinforcing bar 4 is arranged to closing along on the outside of sleeper is split, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 is only in sleeper end and coupled sleeper knot
Lay and circularize in the preset range of structure interlude 2；Protective layer 6 is set at the top of anticracking reinforcing bar, the thickness of protective layer 6 is steel
Muscle outermost edge to the upper surface of solid concrete roabed plate 7 beelinec 1, according to the regulation of related specifications, according to solid concrete roabed plate
The difference of residing carbonization environment function grade, its minimal protective cover thickness value is taken respectively；Set between anticracking reinforcing bar and sleeper net
Spacing 8, the value of clear spacing 8 arec 2；First anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the nominal diameter of the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 ared 1, external diameter isd 2,
The then inside clearance of the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4 or the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5l 3、l 4And half on the inside of the circular arc of chamfer site anticracking reinforcing bar
Footpathr 2It is calculated as follows：
In formula：l 1 The long edge lengths of-sleeper top,l 2 - sleeper top bond length,l 3 - the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, second
The long side inside clearance of anticracking reinforcing bar 5,l 4 The short side inside clearance of-the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5,c 1 - the first
Anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 outermost edge to the upper surface of solid concrete roabed plate 7 beeline,c 2 - the first anticracking steel
Clear spacing value between muscle 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 and sleeper,c 3 - sleeper top surface is vertical higher than the top surface of solid concrete roabed plate 7
Highly,d 2 The external diameter of-the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5,i 1 The gradient of-frustum cone side,r 1 - chamfered section circle of position
Platform top radius,r 2 - chamfer site anticracking reinforcing bar circular arc inner radius.
Construct for the steel bar arrangement inside sleeper, rested the head on according to the SK-1 types in relevant railway engineering construction generalized reference figure
It is designed.
For the construction method of the large radius chamfering sleeper of non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, its step is：
（1）The making of sleeper mould：Sleeper mould should combine sleeper chamfer site 1, concrete sleeper interlude 2 and sleeper
The shape at position 3 is made between end-beveling；
（2）By the truss bars connected between the reinforcing bar and sleeper inside sleeper according to relevant railway engineering construction generalized reference
The design reinforcing bar of SK-1 type sleepers in figure is processed production, then carries out colligation by design requirement；
（3）Sleeper concrete is poured, and is conserved in time；Sleeper is entered after concrete reaches requirement age and intensity
Row demoulding reversion, and related fastener is installed；
（4）The reinforcing bar of solid concrete roabed plate 7 is processed by design drawing；After being well placed the bottom layer of the reinforcing steel of solid concrete roabed plate 7,
Section of track assembling is carried out, and carries out the coarse adjustment of tool rail；
（5）Carry out the reinforcing bar colligation of solid concrete roabed plate 7, the insulation of reinforcing bar is paid attention to during colligation；The complete carry out template of reinforcing bar colligation
Installation and tool rail accurate adjustment；
（6）First anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 are made and installed according to the requirement of patent；Installed
When, colligation, spot welding can be taken and be welded with connection reinforcing bar measure, to ensure the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the position of the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5
Accuracy；Anticracking reinforcing bar should install fixation before concrete cast, while want strict implement anticracking reinforcing bar and overall road
The insulating requirements of other reinforcing bars in bed；
（7）The concreting of solid concrete roabed plate 7 is carried out, after concrete initial set, is loosened between sleeper and tool track
Connection；
（8）After concrete final set, dismounting template, tool track, while pay attention to continuing to conserve concrete, until mixed
Solidifying soil reaches defined age and intensity.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：Concrete sleeper end uses large radius chamfering, can effectively avoid what is applied at this stage
The chamfer site of square minor radius chamfering sleeper stress concentration phenomenon to caused by solid concrete roabed board concrete, so as to effectively
Reduce the probability of concrete splayed crack developing.Increase anticracking reinforcing bar, can further control the development in splayed crack.This hair
Bright structure type is fairly simple, practical, can efficiently control the development in solid concrete roabed plate splayed crack, and not
Meeting generation environment pollution, remarkable in economical benefits.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is large radius chamfering sleeper and annular anticracking reinforcing bar stereogram, and Fig. 2 is annular anticracking steel bar plane figure, and Fig. 3 is
Large radius chamfering sleeper and rail end anticracking reinforcing bar stereogram, Fig. 4 is rail end anticracking steel bar plane figure, and Fig. 5 is anticracking steel bar arrangement
Cross-sectional view, Fig. 6 are anticracking steel bar arrangement skiagraphs.
Embodiment
The present invention is the large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, for the corner of concrete sleeper, is adopted
With the sleeper chamfer site 1 of large radius chamfering, chamfer site is equivalent to a quarter round platform；The gradient of chamfer site side with
The side grade at position 3 is consistent between concrete sleeper interlude 2 and sleeper end-beveling；First anticracking steel is set on the outside of sleeper
The anticracking reinforcing bar 5 of muscle 4 or second；First anticracking reinforcing bar 4 is arranged to the ring-type of closing along on the outside of sleeper, and the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 is only
Lay and circularize in the preset range of sleeper end and coupled concrete sleeper interlude 2；At the top of anticracking reinforcing bar
Protective layer 6 is set, and the thickness of protective layer 6 is beeline of the reinforcing bar outermost edge to the upper surface of solid concrete roabed plate 7（c 1）, root
According to《Railway concrete durability design of structure specification》（TB10005-2010）In relevant regulations, according to residing for solid concrete roabed plate
The difference of carbonization environment function grade, its minimal protective cover thickness value is taken respectively；Clear spacing is set between anticracking reinforcing bar and sleeper
8, the value of clear spacing 8 isc 2；First anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the nominal diameter of the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 ared 1, external diameter isd 2, then
The inside clearance of one anticracking reinforcing bar 4 or the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5l 3、l 4And the circular arc inner radius of chamfer site anticracking reinforcing barr 2
It is calculated as follows：
In formula：l 1 The long edge lengths of-sleeper top,l 2 - sleeper top bond length,l 3 - the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, second
The long side inside clearance of anticracking reinforcing bar 5,l 4 The short side inside clearance of-the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5,c 1 - the first
Anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 outermost edge to the upper surface of solid concrete roabed plate 7 beeline,c 2 - the first anticracking steel
Clear spacing value between muscle 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 and sleeper,c 3 - sleeper top surface is vertical higher than the top surface of solid concrete roabed plate 7
Highly,d 2 The external diameter of-the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5,i 1 The gradient of-frustum cone side,r 1 - chamfered section circle of position
Platform top radius,r 2 - chamfer site anticracking reinforcing bar circular arc inner radius.
For the steel bar arrangement inside sleeper, according to《The type double-block type ballastless track double-block type sleeper structure designs of CRTS I
Standard drawing》（Logical line [2011] 2351- I）In SK-1 types pillow be designed, without change.
The above-described large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, second are anti-
Split reinforcing bar 5 and use Ribbed Bar, its nominal diameterd 1 Span be 14mm ~ 20mm.
The above-described large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, second are anti-
Split the thickness of the protective layer 6 of reinforcing bar 5c 1When carbonization environment function grade is T2,35mm is taken；When carbonization grade is T3,
Take 45mm.
The above-described large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, second are anti-
Split the clear spacing value between reinforcing bar 5 and sleeperc 2Span is 20mm ~ 30mm.
The above-described large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, the round platform of sleeper chamfer site 1
The radius at topr 1Not less than 80mm.
For the construction method of the large radius chamfering sleeper of non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, its step is：
（1）The making of sleeper mould：Sleeper mould should combine sleeper chamfer site 1, concrete sleeper interlude 2 and sleeper
The shape at position 3 is made between end-beveling；
（2）By the truss bars connected between the reinforcing bar and sleeper inside sleeper according to《The type double-block type ballastless tracks of CRTS I
Double-block type sleeper structure design standard drawing》（Logical line [2011] 2351- I）In the design reinforcing bars of SK-1 type sleepers be processed
Production, then carry out colligation by design requirement；
（3）Sleeper concrete is poured, and is conserved in time；Sleeper is entered after concrete reaches requirement age and intensity
Row demoulding reversion, and related fastener is installed；
（4）The reinforcing bar of solid concrete roabed plate 7 is processed by design drawing；After being well placed the bottom layer of the reinforcing steel of solid concrete roabed plate 7,
Section of track assembling is carried out, and carries out the coarse adjustment of tool rail；
（5）Carry out the reinforcing bar colligation of solid concrete roabed plate 7, the insulation of reinforcing bar is paid attention to during colligation；The complete carry out template of reinforcing bar colligation
Installation and tool rail accurate adjustment；
（6）First anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5 are made and installed according to the requirement about standard；Pacified
During dress, take colligation, spot welding and be welded with connection reinforcing bar measure, to ensure the first anticracking reinforcing bar 4, the position of the second anticracking reinforcing bar 5
Accuracy；Anticracking reinforcing bar should install fixation before concrete cast, while want strict implement anticracking reinforcing bar and overall road
The insulating requirements of other reinforcing bars in bed；
（7）The concreting of solid concrete roabed plate 7 is carried out, after concrete initial set, is loosened between sleeper and tool track
Connection；
（8）After concrete final set, dismounting template, tool track, while pay attention to continuing to conserve concrete, until mixed
Solidifying soil reaches defined age and intensity.
Case history：The Northwest's special line for passenger trains uses the form of solid concrete roabed plate, takes the entirety of a certain section
Railway roadbed uses large radius chamfering sleeper, the structure type reference of sleeper《The type double-block type ballastless track double-block type sleeper knots of CRTS I
Structure designs standard drawing》（Logical line [2011] 2351- I）In SK-1 type sleepers.The long length of side of large radius chamfering sleeper top of use
It is 296mm to spend for 806mm, sleeper top bond length, and chamfer site round platform top radius is 80mm, and sleeper is highly 170mm,
Sleeper side grade is 9:1, anticracking reinforcing bar uses the reinforcing bar laid on the outside of sleeper circlewise, and reinforcing bar uses nominal diameter 16mm
Ribbed Bar, the carbonization environment function grade residing for solid concrete roabed is T2, and protective layer thickness takes 35mm；Anticracking reinforcing bar and sleeper
Between clear spacing value take 25mm.Control to the solid concrete roabed plate splayed crack of non-fragment orbit serves good effect.
Claims (6)
1. the large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, it is characterised in that：For the corner of concrete sleeper, adopt
With the sleeper chamfer site of large radius chamfering（1）, chamfer site is equivalent to a quarter round platform；The gradient of chamfer site side
With concrete sleeper interlude（2）And position between sleeper end-beveling（3）Side grade it is consistent；First is set on the outside of sleeper
Anticracking reinforcing bar（4）Or the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）；First anticracking reinforcing bar（4）The ring-type for being arranged to close along sleeper outside, second
Anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Only in sleeper end and coupled concrete sleeper interlude（2）Preset range in lay circularize；
The top of anticracking reinforcing bar sets protective layer（6）, protective layer（6）Thickness be reinforcing bar outermost edge to solid concrete roabed plate（7）It is upper
The beeline c on surface1, according to the regulation of related specifications, according to the difference of carbonization environment function grade residing for solid concrete roabed plate,
Its minimal protective cover thickness value is taken respectively；Clear spacing is set between anticracking reinforcing bar and sleeper（8）, clear spacing（8）Value be c2；The
One anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Nominal diameter be d1, external diameter is d2, then the first anticracking reinforcing bar（4）Or
Second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Inside clearance l3、l4And the circular arc inner radius r of chamfer site anticracking reinforcing bar2It is calculated as follows：
In formula：l1-The long edge lengths of sleeper top, l2- sleeper top bond length, l3- the first anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking steel
Muscle（5）Long side inside clearance, l4- the first anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Short side inside clearance, c1- the first
Anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Outermost edge to solid concrete roabed plate（7）The beeline of upper surface, c2- the first
Anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Clear spacing value between sleeper, c3- sleeper top surface is higher than solid concrete roabed plate（7）
Top surface vertical height, d2- the first anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）External diameter, i1The gradient of-frustum cone side,
r1- chamfer site round platform top radius, r2- chamfer site anticracking reinforcing bar circular arc inner radius；
Constructed for the steel bar arrangement inside sleeper, rest the head on and carry out according to the SK-1 types in relevant railway engineering construction generalized reference figure
Design.
2. the large radius chamfering sleeper according to claim 1 for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, it is characterised in that the
One anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Using Ribbed Bar, its nominal diameter d1Span be 14mm ~ 20mm.
3. the large radius chamfering sleeper according to claim 1 for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, it is characterised in that the
One anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Protective layer（6）Thickness c1When carbonization environment function grade is T2, take
35mm；When carbonization grade is T3,45mm is taken.
4. the large radius chamfering sleeper according to claim 1 for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, it is characterised in that the
One anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Clear spacing value c between sleeper2Span is 20mm ~ 30mm.
5. the large radius chamfering sleeper according to claim 1 for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, it is characterised in that rail
Rest the head on chamfer site（1）Round platform at the top of radius r1Not less than 80mm.
6. the construction method of the large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control, it is characterised in that its step is：
（1）The making of sleeper mould：Sleeper mould should combine sleeper chamfer site（1）, concrete sleeper interlude（2）And sleeper
Position between end-beveling（3）Shape made；
（2）By the truss bars connected between the reinforcing bar and sleeper inside sleeper according in relevant railway engineering construction generalized reference figure
The design reinforcing bars of SK-1 type sleepers be processed production, then carry out colligation by design requirement；
（3）Sleeper concrete is poured, and is conserved in time；Sleeper is taken off after concrete reaches requirement age and intensity
Mould inverts, and installs related fastener；
（4）Solid concrete roabed plate（7）Reinforcing bar be processed by design drawing；It is well placed solid concrete roabed plate（7）Bottom layer of the reinforcing steel after,
Section of track assembling is carried out, and carries out the coarse adjustment of tool rail；
（5）Carry out solid concrete roabed plate（7）Reinforcing bar colligation, the insulation of reinforcing bar is paid attention to during colligation；The complete progress template of reinforcing bar colligation
Installation and the accurate adjustment of tool rail；
（6）First anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）Made and installed according to the requirement about standard；Pacified
During dress, take colligation, spot welding and be welded with connection reinforcing bar measure, to ensure the first anticracking reinforcing bar（4）, the second anticracking reinforcing bar（5）
The accuracy of position；Anticracking reinforcing bar concrete cast before fixation should be installed, while want strict implement anticracking reinforcing bar with it is whole
The insulating requirements of other reinforcing bars in body railway roadbed；
（7）Carry out solid concrete roabed plate（7）Concreting, after concrete initial set, loosen the company between sleeper and tool track
Connect；
（8）After concrete final set, dismounting template, tool track, while pay attention to continuing to conserve concrete, until concrete
Age and intensity as defined in reaching.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106758563B (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-04-06 | 兰州理工大学 | Sleeper construction and construction method for non-fragment orbit linking new and old concrete |
| CN109750561B (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-06-23 | 北京交通大学 | Structure for preventing slurry pumping on surface layer of ballastless track bed plate foundation bed and construction method |
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| CN201116129Y (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-09-17 | 铁道第四勘察设计院 | Adaptability improvement of double block type rail bearing and track circuit and rail bearing cracking prevention device |
| CN201459526U (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2010-05-12 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Non-shoulder dual-block concrete sleeper with rail cant |
| CN202466319U (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-10-03 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | Device for controlling crack at sleeper corner of track bed of double-block type ballastless track |
| EP2669433A1 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-04 | Abetong AB | A concrete sleeper |
| CN103603236A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-02-26 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Method for controlling cracks of double-block type ballastless track bed slabs |
| CN206385399U (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-08-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control |
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2016
- 2016-12-05 CN CN201611100071.4A patent/CN106400616B/en active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201116129Y (en) * | 2007-05-14 | 2008-09-17 | 铁道第四勘察设计院 | Adaptability improvement of double block type rail bearing and track circuit and rail bearing cracking prevention device |
| CN201459526U (en) * | 2009-07-09 | 2010-05-12 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Non-shoulder dual-block concrete sleeper with rail cant |
| CN202466319U (en) * | 2012-03-09 | 2012-10-03 | 中铁十一局集团有限公司 | Device for controlling crack at sleeper corner of track bed of double-block type ballastless track |
| EP2669433A1 (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-04 | Abetong AB | A concrete sleeper |
| CN103603236A (en) * | 2013-11-06 | 2014-02-26 | 中铁四局集团有限公司 | Method for controlling cracks of double-block type ballastless track bed slabs |
| CN206385399U (en) * | 2016-12-05 | 2017-08-08 | 兰州理工大学 | Large radius chamfering sleeper for non-fragment orbit concrete crack control |
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