CN106397108B - The catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride prepares the purposes of vinyl chloride in catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method - Google Patents
The catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride prepares the purposes of vinyl chloride in catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the purposes for preparing the catalyst of vinyl chloride in catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method and preparing vinyl chloride, the catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride is made of following methods:(1) catalyst carrier is immersed in quaternary phosphine salting liquid, solvent evaporated has been loaded the carrier of quaternary alkylphosphonium salt;(2) carrier for loading quaternary alkylphosphonium salt is dipped in metal chloride aqueous solution using equi-volume impregnating, dried.Chloroethene alkene reaction is prepared with catalyst dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method, reaction temperature can be substantially reduced, reduces energy consumption, reduces reactor carbon distribution and coking, improves catalyst life;Reaction temperature is 180 250 DEG C, the amount ratio of 0.1 1MPa, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed is 10 360h‑1Under the conditions of, conversion of alkyne is 57 99%, and the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, and activity is without significant change in 180h sustained responses.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of purposes for the catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride.
Background technology
As the development of national economy, the increasingly raising of living standards of the people and the raising of environmental protection consciousness, PVC are (poly-
Vinyl chloride) demand it is increasing.PVC is obtained by VCM (vinyl chloride monomer) polymerizations, and the production method of VCM mainly has
Ethylene process technique, ethane method technique and acetylene method technique.Ethylene process prepares process routes of the PVC as a technology maturation,
It is always the PVC production technologies of mainstream in the world, especially in developed country and the country of rich in petroleum resources.Ethylene process produces work
Skill is using petrochemicals ethylene as raw material, direct chlorination or oxychlorination generation dichloroethanes (EDC), then by EDC high anneal cracks
Solution dehydrochlorination can obtain VCM.The technique is more complicated, and technology requirement and equipment investment are high, but good product quality, using oil as
The developed country of main energy sources mainly uses the technique.The problem of ethylene process technique is mainly:High energy consumption, cracking furnace coking are tight
Weight, needs regular coke cleaning, influences continuity of operation.Ethane method is at low cost, but also in the laboratory research stage.Acetylene method accords with
The national conditions of rich coal resources in China are closed, but due to the use of mercuric chleride catalyst, there are serious mercury pollution problems.
It is a kind of method of new synthesis vinyl chloride thereof that dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method, which prepare vinyl chloride, and equipment investment is low,
Low energy consumption, is a kind of promising method for synthesizing chloroethylene.The difficult point of this method maximum is catalyst in low temperature and height at present
Activity is not high under air speed.
Ginger mark of Zhongke Yigong (Xiamen) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. etc. is in the middle promulgated by the State Council of Publication No. CN101817723A
In bright patent, it is proposed that the carried catalyst catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method of a kind of barium chloride load prepare vinyl chloride
Method.The carrier loaded using barium chloride makees catalyst, in 0.1MPa, 320 DEG C and 15h-1Dichloroethanes vapor superficial velocities under urge
Change dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method prepares vinyl chloride, conversion of alkyne 70%.
Ginger mark of Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences etc. is in the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN104289246A
In, it is proposed that the catalyst dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method of a kind of carrier loaded barium chloride and phosphoric acid prepare vinyl chloride
Method.In 0.1MPa, 250 DEG C and 15h-1Dichloroethanes vapor superficial velocities under catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method prepare chloroethene
Alkene, conversion of alkyne 84.5%.
Ginger mark of Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences etc. is in the Chinese invention patent of Publication No. CN102441407A
In, it is proposed that a kind of method that nitrating carried catalyst is catalyzed dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method prepares vinyl chloride.Using nitrogenous
Compound in 400-800 DEG C of calcining after carrier impregnation with preparing nitrating carrier, in 0.1MPa, 250 DEG C and 15h-1Two chloroethenes
Dichloroethanes is catalyzed under alkane vapor superficial velocities and acetylene one-step method prepares vinyl chloride, conversion of alkyne 65.3%.
However, the activity that these dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method prepare the catalyst of vinyl chloride is still to be improved, especially
It is active still to be improved under low temperature and high-speed.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide the catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride in catalysis dichloroethanes
The purposes of vinyl chloride is prepared with acetylene one-step method.
Technical solution of the present invention is summarized as follows:
The catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride prepares the purposes of vinyl chloride, the preparation in catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method
The catalyst of vinyl chloride is made of following methods:
(1) quaternary alkylphosphonium salt is dissolved in solvent and is made into quaternary phosphine salting liquid, then catalyst carrier is immersed in quaternary phosphine salting liquid,
Shi quaternary alkylphosphonium salts and the mass ratio of catalyst carrier are 0.5-40:100;In 100-150 after constant temperature 2-12h under 30-100 DEG C of water-bath
Solvent evaporated obtains loading the carrier of quaternary alkylphosphonium salt at DEG C;
(2) use equi-volume impregnating by the carrier for loading quaternary alkylphosphonium salt that step (1) obtains be dipped in mass concentration for
In the metal chloride aqueous solution of 0.05%-5%, 60 DEG C of evaporating waters, 100-150 DEG C of drying.
The quaternary alkylphosphonium salt be tetramethylol chloride, tetramethyl phosphonium chloride, tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, first
Base triphenyl phosphine dichloride, ethyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride phosphine, (tributyl) n-tetradecane base phosphonium chloride, tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide phosphine or tetraphenyl
Bromide phosphine.
Solvent is preferably water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethylene glycol, toluene, dimethylbenzene, dichloroethanes or chloroform.
Catalyst carrier is preferably activated carbon, aluminium oxide, silica gel or 5A molecular sieves.
Metal chloride is preferably barium chloride, strontium chloride, calcium chloride, copper chloride or ruthenium trichloride.
Chloroethene alkene reaction is prepared with the catalyst dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method that prepare vinyl chloride, reaction can be made
Temperature substantially reduces, and so as to reduce energy consumption, reduces reactor carbon distribution and coking, improves catalyst life;It is in reaction temperature
180-250 DEG C, 0.1-1MPa, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance amount ratio be 1:1, acetylene air speed is 10-360h-1Under the conditions of,
Conversion of alkyne is 57-99%, and the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, and activity becomes without apparent in 180h sustained responses
Change.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, to allow those skilled in the art better
Understand the present invention.But illustrated embodiment is not intended as being limited in any way the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Blank activated carbon (AC) prepares the test of chloroethene alkene reaction as catalyst dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method
(reference)
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 250 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 36h-1Under the conditions of, conversion of alkyne 1%, the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.3%, living in 180h sustained responses
Property is without significant change.
Embodiment 2
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
4g tetramethylol chloride is dissolved in 40g methanol and is made into tetramethylol chloride solution, then 20 activated carbons are soaked
In stain to above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 12h, 100 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 30 DEG C of water-baths, must load four hydroxyl first
The activated carbon of base phosphorus chloride;
Use equi-volume impregnating that the activated carbon for having loaded tetramethylol chloride is dipped in mass concentration for 0.05%
In ruthenium trichloride aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 150 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 250 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 10h-1Under the conditions of, conversion of alkyne 98%, the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, living in 180h sustained responses
Property is without significant change.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 97%.
Embodiment 3
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
8g tetramethyl phosphonium chlorides are dissolved in 40g water and are made into tetramethyl phosphonium chloride solution, then 20g aluminium oxide is impregnated into
It states in solution, constant temperature impregnates 2h, 150 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 100 DEG C of water-baths, must load tetramethyl phosphonium chloride
Aluminium oxide.
Use equi-volume impregnating that the aluminium oxide for having loaded tetramethyl phosphonium chloride is dipped in mass concentration for 5% copper chloride
In aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 100 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 200 DEG C of reaction temperature, 0.2MPa, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene is empty
Speed is 360h-1Under the conditions of, conversion of alkyne 57%, the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, in 180h sustained responses
Middle activity is without significant change.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves
56%.
Embodiment 4
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
0.1g tetrabutylphosphonium chlorides are dissolved in 40g ethyl alcohol and are made into tetrabutylphosphonium chloride solution, then 20g silica gel is impregnated into
In above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 5h, 110 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 70 DEG C of water-baths, has loaded tetrabutylphosphonium chloride
Silica gel;
Use equi-volume impregnating that the silica gel for having loaded tetrabutylphosphonium chloride is dipped in mass concentration for 0.5% barium chloride
In aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 120 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 180 DEG C of reaction temperature, 1MPa, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 120h-1, conversion of alkyne 76%, the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, the active nothing in 180h sustained responses
Significant change.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 75%.
Embodiment 5
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
2g tetraphenylphosphonium chlorides are dissolved in 40g acetone and are made into tetraphenylphosphonium chloride solution, then 20g5A molecular sieves are impregnated
Into above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 8h, 120 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 60 DEG C of water-baths, must load tetraphenyl chlorine
Change the 5A molecular sieves of phosphine.
Use equi-volume impregnating that the 5A molecular sieves for having loaded tetraphenylphosphonium chloride are dipped in mass concentration for 0.25%
In strontium chloride aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 140 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 250 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 90h-1, conversion of alkyne 92%, generate vinyl chloride selectivity be more than 99.5%, activity is without bright in 180h sustained responses
Aobvious variation.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 91%.
Embodiment 6
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
4g methyl triphenyl phosphonium chlorides are dissolved in 40g ethylene glycol and are made into methyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride solution, then 20g is lived
Property charcoal be impregnated into above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 10h, 150 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 80 DEG C of water-baths, must load
The activated carbon of methyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride.
Use equi-volume impregnating that the activated carbon for having loaded methyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride is dipped in mass concentration for 2% chlorine
Change in calcium aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 130 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 220 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 90h-1, conversion of alkyne 64%, generate vinyl chloride selectivity be more than 99.5%, activity is without bright in 180h sustained responses
Aobvious variation.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 63%.
Embodiment 7
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
4g (tributyl) n-tetradecane base phosphonium chloride is dissolved in 40g toluene and is made into (tributyl) n-tetradecane base phosphonium chloride
Solution, then 20g activated carbons are impregnated into above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 12h under 80 DEG C of water-baths, and 130 DEG C of solvent evaporateds are simultaneously returned
Solvent is received, the AC of (tributyl) n-tetradecane base phosphonium chloride must have been loaded.
The activated carbon for loading (tributyl) n-tetradecane base phosphonium chloride is dipped in by mass concentration using equi-volume impregnating
For in 4% copper chloride solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then dry in 130 DEG C of baking ovens to obtain needed for catalyst.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 230 DEG C of reaction temperature, 0.4MPa, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene is empty
Speed is 60h-1, conversion of alkyne 60%, the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, the active nothing in 180h sustained responses
Significant change.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 59%.
Embodiment 8
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
4g tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide phosphines are dissolved in 40g dichloroethanes and are made into tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide phosphine solution, then 20g activated carbons are soaked
In stain to above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 9h, 140 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 40 DEG C of water-baths, must load the tetrabutyl
The activated carbon of bromide phosphine.
Use equi-volume impregnating by the activated carbon for having loaded tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide phosphine be dipped in mass concentration for 0.25% three
In ruthenium chloride aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 150 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 210 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 30h-1, conversion of alkyne 99%, generate vinyl chloride selectivity be more than 99.5%, activity is without bright in 180h sustained responses
Aobvious variation.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 98%.
Embodiment 9
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
3g tetraphenylphosphonibromide bromides are dissolved in 40g dimethylbenzene and are made into tetraphenylphosphonibromide bromide solution, then 20g activated carbons are impregnated
Into above-mentioned solution, constant temperature impregnates 8h, 150 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 60 DEG C of water-baths, must load tetraphenyl bromine
Change the activated carbon of phosphine.
Use equi-volume impregnating that the activated carbon for having loaded tetraphenylphosphonibromide bromide is dipped in mass concentration for 0.2% trichlorine
Change in ruthenium aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 150 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 190 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 36h-1, conversion of alkyne 59%, generate vinyl chloride selectivity be more than 99.5%, activity is without bright in 180h sustained responses
Aobvious variation.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 58%.
Embodiment 10
Prepare the preparation of the catalyst of vinyl chloride:
2g ethyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride phosphines are dissolved in 40g chloroforms and are made into ethyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride phosphine solution, then by 20g
Activated carbon is impregnated into above-mentioned solution, and constant temperature impregnates 7h, 150 DEG C of solvent evaporateds and recycling design under 50 DEG C of water-baths, must load
The activated carbon AC of ethyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride phosphine.
Use equi-volume impregnating that the activated carbon for having loaded ethyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride phosphine is dipped in mass concentration for 0.5%
In barium chloride solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, then required catalyst is dried to obtain in 130 DEG C of baking ovens.
Reaction condition is that the amount ratio of 250 DEG C of reaction temperature, normal pressure, acetylene and dichloroethanes substance is 1:1, acetylene air speed
For 180h-1, conversion of alkyne 69%, the selectivity for generating vinyl chloride is more than 99.5%, the active nothing in 180h sustained responses
Significant change.Compared to the blank AC catalyst of embodiment 1, the conversion of alkyne of catalyst of the invention improves 68%.
Claims (4)
1. the catalyst for preparing vinyl chloride prepares the purposes of vinyl chloride in catalysis dichloroethanes and acetylene one-step method, it is characterized in that institute
It states and prepares the catalyst of vinyl chloride and be made of following methods:
(1) quaternary alkylphosphonium salt is dissolved in solvent and is made into quaternary phosphine salting liquid, then catalyst carrier is immersed in quaternary phosphine salting liquid, make season
Phosphonium salt and the mass ratio of catalyst carrier are 0.5-40:100;Under 30-100 DEG C of water-bath after constant temperature 2-12h at 100-150 DEG C
Solvent evaporated obtains loading the carrier of quaternary alkylphosphonium salt;
(2) use equi-volume impregnating that the carrier for loading quaternary alkylphosphonium salt that step (1) obtains is dipped in mass concentration for 0.05%-
In 5% metal chloride aqueous solution, 60 DEG C of water bath method moisture, 100-150 DEG C of drying, the metal chloride is chlorination
Barium, strontium chloride, calcium chloride, copper chloride or ruthenium trichloride.
2. purposes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the quaternary alkylphosphonium salt is tetramethylol chloride, tetramethyl chlorination
Phosphine, tetrabutylphosphonium chloride, tetraphenylphosphonium chloride, methyl triphenyl phosphonium chloride, ethyltriphenyl phosphonium chloride phosphine, (tributyl) positive 14
Alkyl phosphonium chloride, tetrabutyl phosphonium bromide phosphine or tetraphenylphosphonibromide bromide.
3. purposes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the solvent is water, methanol, ethyl alcohol, acetone, ethylene glycol, first
Benzene, dimethylbenzene, dichloroethanes or chloroform.
4. purposes according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the catalyst carrier is activated carbon, aluminium oxide, silica gel or 5A
Molecular sieve.
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CN107837824A (en) * | 2016-09-18 | 2018-03-27 | 天津大学 | Purposes of the catalyst of load quaternary alkylphosphonium salt and metal chloride in acetylene hydrochlorination |
CN107008465B (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2020-04-07 | 清华大学 | Copper-based catalyst with high activity and stability for hydrochlorination of acetylene |
CN111151299B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-10-09 | 浙江工业大学 | Copper alkoxide complex catalyst, preparation method thereof and application thereof in acetylene hydrochlorination |
CN112844460B (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2022-06-03 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Catalyst for preparing chloroethylene by acetylene and dichloroethane coupling reaction and application thereof |
CN116422376A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-14 | 石河子大学 | Platinum-ionic liquid complex catalyst for catalyzing hydrochlorination of acetylene as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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