CN106392007A - Ceramic shell dewaxing method and device - Google Patents

Ceramic shell dewaxing method and device Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106392007A
CN106392007A CN201610414295.6A CN201610414295A CN106392007A CN 106392007 A CN106392007 A CN 106392007A CN 201610414295 A CN201610414295 A CN 201610414295A CN 106392007 A CN106392007 A CN 106392007A
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pressure
seal cavity
low
steam
dewaxing
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CN106392007B (en
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蔡耀名
蔡欲期
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Priority to CN201610414295.6A priority Critical patent/CN106392007B/en
Priority to TW105127315A priority patent/TW201742686A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/097556 priority patent/WO2017215128A1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22CFOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04Use of lost patterns

Abstract

The invention discloses a ceramic shell dewaxing method and device and belongs to the technical field of precision casting. The ceramic shell dewaxing method comprises the steps that 1, a ceramic shell with a wax mold is placed into a sealing cavity; 2, the sealing cavity is vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is reduced to 100 mmHg or below within 1s; and 3, low-pressure low-temperature steam is injected into the vacuumized sealing cavity, the pressure of the low-pressure low-temperature steam is 1-2 kg/cm<2>, the temperature is 100-120 DEG C, the air pressure in the sealing cavity reaches a preset value within set time, and finally ceramic shell dewaxing is achieved. Compared with the prior art, the low-pressure low-temperature steam with the pressure being 2 kg/cm<2> or below and the temperature being 120 DEG C or below can be used, so that energy consumption is greatly reduced; and meanwhile, ceramic shell expansion and cracking phenomena can be completely avoided, and the product cost is reduced.

Description

The method and device of dewaxing of ceramic shell
Technical field
The present invention relates to precision casting process, particularly to a kind of method and device of dewaxing of ceramic shell.
Background technology
Hot investment casting is a kind of casting method for conventional casting techniques, and it is obtained in that phase To accurate shape and higher casting accuracy.The technical process of hot investment casting is:First, make wax Mould, this wax-pattern is consistent with the product size shape of required casting, then, in made wax-pattern table Face forms pottery shell, subsequently, described pottery shell is carried out with dewaxing treatment and (goes after its internal wax-pattern fusing Remove), finally, the casting metal material into the pottery shell after dewaxing treatment, treat metal material cooled and solidified Afterwards, crush and remove described pottery shell, the foundry goods obtaining is required product.
In prior art, generally by the way of high-pressure and high-temperature steam dewaxing, pottery shell is carried out at dewaxing Reason, is corresponding dewaxing of ceramic shell device shown in Fig. 1, this dewaxing of ceramic shell device includes seal cavity 1, Pop off valve 2, steam inlet 3, steam (vapor) outlet 4 and wax discharging port 5 are provided with seal cavity 1. During the application of this dewaxing of ceramic shell device, first the pottery shell with wax-pattern is put in seal cavity 1 (along in figure Dotted arrow direction), then high-voltage high-temperature steam is injected by steam inlet 3, make seal cavity 1 Interior formation high-pressure and high-temperature steam environment, pop off valve 2 is for ensureing the pressure in seal cavity 1 not Exceed predetermined value.Substantial amounts of heat energy can be discharged, this heat can make in pottery shell in water vapour condensation process Wax-pattern fusing, thus realizing dewaxing treatment.After wax-pattern fusing, the wax that obtains can be from wax discharging port 5 times Receive and utilize.
The mode of above-mentioned high-pressure and high-temperature steam dewaxing requires to provide substantial amounts of steam at short notice, to protect Card has enough heats so that wax-pattern is completely melt rapidly, usually requires that in 6s time interior sealing cavity 1 Interior steam pressure reaches 5kg/cm2(in seal cavity, air themperature can reach 155 DEG C), entirely takes off The wax time is 8-12min.Time lengthening or quantity of steam deficiency, all can make wax-pattern can not be completely melt. Inventor it has been investigated that, the closer to wax pattern surface wax melt more early, the wax of fusing can not melted Change the obstruction of wax and cannot in time from pottery shell flow out, and due to wax melt after volumetric expansion, from And the generation of shell spalling phenomenon that can lead to make pottery, the quality of impact foundry goods.
In order to avoid the generation of shell spalling phenomenon of making pottery, solution of the prior art is exactly to annular seal space The internal steam injecting high pressure-temperature, and more high pressure-temperature is better.However, this is just inevitably Lead to dewaxing of ceramic shell equipment energy consumption higher, increased product cost.
Publication No. CN102554126A, the middle promulgated by the State Council of entitled " method and device of dewaxing of ceramic shell " Bright patent application, a permanent negative pressure bucket is connected by it with seal cavity, and in the injection into seal cavity First to seal cavity evacuation before high-pressure and high-temperature steam, it can reduce the waste of steam energy, but Still with the presence of the phenomenon of certain probability pottery shell spalling, and because it needs to steam using high pressure-temperature Vapour, energy consumption is still higher.
Content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that offer is a kind of can avoid shell spalling phenomenon of making pottery completely Produce, and the method and device of the dewaxing of ceramic shell of energy consumption reduction.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention provides technical scheme as follows:
On the one hand, a kind of method of dewaxing of ceramic shell is provided, including:
Step 1:Pottery shell with wax-pattern is put in seal cavity;
Step 2:Evacuation is carried out to described seal cavity, makes vacuum be down to 100mmHg in 1s Below;
Step 3:Low-pressure low-temperature steam, described low pressure is injected into the seal cavity after described evacuation The pressure of Low Temperature Steam is between 1-2kg/cm2, temperature, between 100-120 DEG C, makes in described seal cavity Air pressure reach predetermined value at the appointed time, and then the final dewaxing realizing pottery shell.
Further, described step 2 is specially:One permanent negative pressure bucket is connected with described seal cavity, To realize evacuation, vacuum is made to be down to 80-100mmHg.
On the other hand, a kind of device of the above-mentioned dewaxing of ceramic shell of the method for dewaxing of ceramic shell of application is provided, Including seal cavity, described seal cavity is provided with pop off valve, steam inlet, steam (vapor) outlet And wax discharging port, described seal cavity is connected with the vacuum that can make described seal cavity in 1s It is down to the vacuum extractor of below 100mmHg, described vacuum extractor includes and described seal cavity Connected permanent negative pressure bucket and the vacuum pump being connected with described perseverance negative pressure bucket, described steam inlet is used for injecting Low-pressure low-temperature steam, the pressure of described low-pressure low-temperature steam is between 1-2kg/cm2, temperature between 100-120℃.
Further, the lower section of described wax discharging port is provided with centrifugal barrel, sets gradually in described centrifugal barrel There is the second drainage screen of more than 50-100 purpose first drainage screen and 500 mesh.
Further, the lower outside of described centrifugal barrel is provided with the jacket layer for insulation, described outer Jacket layer is provided with air inlet and gas outlet, and described air inlet is connected with described steam (vapor) outlet.
Further, described gas outlet is connected with filter screen recoil cask washing, and described filter screen recoil cask washing includes Staving and the annular gas pipe being located at staving inner upper, the entrance of described annular gas pipe and described jacket layer Gas outlet be connected, described annular gas pipe is evenly arranged with the downward puff prot in some directions.
Further, the bottom of described filter screen recoil cask washing is provided with slag-drip opening, described filter screen backwash The lower inside edge of bucket is slope shape.
Further, described perseverance negative pressure bucket is provided with pressure transducer, this pressure transducer and vacuum The controlling switch of pump is connected.
Further, the top of described perseverance negative pressure bucket is provided with pop off valve, and bottom is provided with draining Mouthful.
Further, it is connected with cooler between described perseverance negative pressure bucket and vacuum pump, described cooler bag Include water-cooled cooler and/or flow through cooler.
The invention has the advantages that:
Compared with prior art, the present invention can be 2kg/cm using pressure2Below and temperature is at 120 DEG C Following low-pressure low-temperature steam, thus greatly reducing energy consumption, and the present invention can also avoid completely The generation of pottery shell spalling phenomenon, reduces product cost.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of dewaxing of ceramic shell device in prior art;
Fig. 2 is the schematic flow sheet of the method for dewaxing of ceramic shell of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of an embodiment of the device of dewaxing of ceramic shell of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the embodiment of vacuum extractor in Fig. 3.
Specific embodiment
For making the technical problem to be solved in the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, will tie below Close drawings and the specific embodiments to be described in detail.
The present invention provides a kind of method of dewaxing of ceramic shell, as shown in Fig. 2 including:
Step S1:Pottery shell with wax-pattern is put in seal cavity;
Step S2:Evacuation is carried out to described seal cavity, makes vacuum be down to 100mmHg in 1s Below;
Step S3:Low-pressure low-temperature steam is injected into the seal cavity after described evacuation, described low The pressure of pressure Low Temperature Steam is between 1-2kg/cm2, temperature, between 100-120 DEG C, makes described seal cavity Interior air pressure reaches predetermined value at the appointed time, and then the final dewaxing realizing pottery shell.
In Publication No. CN102554126A, the China of entitled " method and device of dewaxing of ceramic shell " Although a permanent negative pressure bucket is connected by it with seal cavity in application for a patent for invention, and to annular seal space First to seal cavity evacuation before internal injection high-pressure and high-temperature steam, but the volume one of its permanent negative pressure bucket As suitable with the volume of seal cavity, even if it is relatively low by the setting of the pressure of permanent negative pressure bucket, but its Be only capable of by the vacuum of seal cavity be down to 400mmHg about (pressure of for example permanent negative pressure bucket is 76mmHg, then the vacuum of the seal cavity after evacuation is (76+760)/2=418mmHg), this When, still there is more air in pottery shell, it must be dewaxed using high-pressure and high-temperature steam, example As its description, 0048 section refer to:Injection pressure is 7kg/cm2After temperature is 174 DEG C of steam, In seal cavity, air themperature 2.5s can reach 145 DEG C.Because it can quickly rise at short notice Temperature, so reduce the probability that pottery shell spalling phenomenon produces to a certain extent.
However, inventor is through discovery of concentrating on studies, pottery shell spalling phenomenon is 1-3s after injection steam Inside just determine, within the shorter time, provide more sufficient steam heat, just can make near wax-pattern The wax rapid melting on surface and outflow vacating space, and now the wax within wax-pattern also has little time to melt And expansion, thus maximized reduce the probability that pottery shell spalling phenomenon produces.
It should be added that, inventor also finds, in the industrial production, dewaxing of ceramic shell equipment is One stove one stove is persistently dewaxed, and at the end of a upper stove dewaxing, opens fire door and puts into the second stove and treat During the pottery shell of dewaxing, remain temperature in stove at 70-80 DEG C, and the fusion temperature of wax is less than 80 DEG C, therefore If can not in time evacuation, when can not inject steam in time and being dewaxed, wax-pattern will start to melt Lead to the generation of shell spalling phenomenon of making pottery.
Although above-mentioned Chinese invention patent application has carried out evacuation to seal cavity, and can make close In envelope cavity, air themperature 2.5s reaches 145 DEG C, but the overall time of its evacuation and injection steam Still partially long (much larger than 3s), so yet suffering from the phenomenon of the pottery shell spalling of certain probability;And Because it needs to provide the steam heat of abundance using high-pressure and high-temperature steam (for reducing pottery shell spalling Probability is it is impossible to be replaced by low-pressure low-temperature steam), so energy consumption is higher.
Inventor is through concentrating on studies it has furthermore been found that there being more emptying aperture inside each layer of shell of making pottery, empty In hole, the air of residual can pass through pottery shell to produce damping to steam, have only as described herein, will seal The vacuum of cavity is down to below 100mmHg in 1s and (can be utilized various sides well known in the art Method, for example can be by using the larger permanent negative pressure bucket of volume to seal cavity blood pressure lowering realizing;Or Work to realize using multiple stage vacuum pump simultaneously) after, reinject low-pressure low-temperature steam, could be effectively Overcome the impact of this damping, make steam quickly pass through pottery shell and contact with wax-pattern (due to sealing in the present invention Vacuum in cavity is higher, therefore low-pressure low-temperature steam can pass through pottery shell in 1s and make wax The temperature of mould surface reaches more than 100 DEG C, the overall time energy of evacuation and injection steam in the present invention Enough control within 2s, even if being also able to maintain that in dewaxing of ceramic shell equipment one stove, one stove continuous firing This level), now, near wax rapid melting and outflow the vacating space of wax pattern surface, and now Wax within wax-pattern also has little time to melt and expand, thus completely avoid the product of pottery shell spalling phenomenon Raw.
To sum up, the beneficial effects of the present invention is:
(pressure is 6kg/cm with using high-pressure and high-temperature steam in prior art2Above and temperature exists More than 160 DEG C) different, the present invention can be 2kg/cm using pressure2Below and temperature 120 DEG C with Under low-pressure low-temperature steam, thus greatly reducing energy consumption.The energy of dewaxing of ceramic shell equipment in prior art Consumption is mostly in more than 80kW h, and the energy consumption of the dewaxing of ceramic shell equipment of the present invention can control Below 30kW h.And, shell spalling phenomenon of making pottery can also be avoided completely by the method for the present invention Produce, reduce product cost.
In the present invention, due to injection is low-pressure low-temperature steam, so the pressure in seal cavity is also relatively Low, subsequently can faster complete the pottery shell after exitting and take out dewaxing, save activity time, Also can greatly reduce the risk that pottery shell surface layer peels off during venting, reduce further the cost of product.
Preferably, described step 2 is specially:One permanent negative pressure bucket is connected with seal cavity, to realize Evacuation, makes vacuum be down to 80-100mmHg, further preferred 80-90mmHg.
And, the method for the present invention preferably also includes after step s 3:
Step S4:After wax-pattern is completely melt, described seal cavity is exitted, control venting Speed makes the air pressure decrease speed in described seal cavity per minute less than 0.3kg/cm2
Step S5:After venting finishes, take out the pottery shell after dewaxing from described seal cavity.
In prior art, after wax-pattern fusing, it is all first to open after steam (vapor) outlet carries out Rapid degassing, Further take out pottery shell.However, the present inventor is through discovery of concentrating on studies, Rapid degassing can make pottery shell Surface layer has the risk of peeling, for this reason, it may be necessary to slow exit, more slow better, as long as but general control Venting speed makes the air pressure decrease speed in described seal cavity per minute less than 0.3kg/cm2, that is, The problem of shell surface layer peeling of making pottery can be avoided.For the requirement of this venting speed, appropriate design can be passed through The size of steam (vapor) outlet is realizing, and also can arrange multiple steam (vapor) outlets in seal cavity, respectively Individual steam (vapor) outlet adopts no caliber size, such as 1.5 cun, 1 cun and 0.5 cun etc., is beneficial to behaviour Make personnel and select different venting speed as needed.
Corresponding with the method for above-mentioned dewaxing of ceramic shell, the present invention also provide a kind of should pottery in aforementioned manners The device of shell dewaxing, as shown in Figure 3-4, including seal cavity 31, seal cavity 31 is provided with Pop off valve 32, steam inlet 33, steam (vapor) outlet 34 and wax discharging port 35, in seal cavity 31 It is connected with the vacuum extractor that the vacuum that can make seal cavity is down to below 100mmHg in 1s 36, vacuum extractor 36 include the permanent negative pressure bucket 361 being connected with seal cavity and with permanent negative pressure bucket 361 Connected vacuum pump 362, steam inlet 33 is used for injecting low-pressure low-temperature steam, this low-pressure low-temperature steam Pressure between 1-2kg/cm2, temperature is between 100-120 DEG C.
During the dewaxing of ceramic shell device application of the present invention, first the pottery shell with wax-pattern is put into seal cavity 31 In, recycle vacuum extractor 36 to carry out evacuation to seal cavity 31, then to after evacuation Injection low-pressure low-temperature steam in seal cavity 31, makes air pressure in seal cavity 31 at the appointed time Reach predetermined value, and then the final dewaxing realizing pottery shell.
The dewaxing of ceramic shell device of the present invention employs low-pressure low-temperature steam, greatly reduces energy consumption, and The generation of shell spalling phenomenon of making pottery can be avoided completely, reduce product cost.In the present invention, due to note Enter is low-pressure low-temperature steam, so the pressure in seal cavity is relatively low, can greatly drop during venting The risk that low pottery shell surface layer peels off.
In addition, inventor finds, in prior art, wax can be non-with fraction of mesh number when recycling The shell mould slag of often low (as little as 500 mesh), through the extremely difficult removal of existing filtering technique, rear extended meeting makes In pottery shell after must dewaxing, grog is produced with relatively low probability, and then have impact on the quality of foundry goods.For this reason, Wax discharging port 35 preferably disposed below there being centrifugal barrel 37, be disposed with 50-100 in centrifugal barrel 37 The second more than purpose the first drainage screen 371 and 500 mesh drainage screen 372.By this double-layer filtering net Using and in the presence of the centrifugal force of centrifugal barrel, the present invention can preferably eliminate in wax band The extremely low shell mould slag of some mesh numbers, operation is simple, time-consuming, improves the quality of foundry goods.
Further, the lower outside of centrifugal barrel 37 can be provided with the jacket layer 38 for insulation, Jacket layer 38 is provided with air inlet 381 and gas outlet 382, air inlet 381 and steam (vapor) outlet 34 phase Even.In such manner, it is possible to the waste heat making full use of waste steam at steam (vapor) outlet 34 is carried out to centrifugal barrel 37 Insulation, makes wax keep molten state moreover it is possible to avoid the paraffin blockage plug drainage screen after solidification during work in second day.
Further, gas outlet 382 can also be connected with filter screen recoil cask washing 39, filter screen backwash The annular gas pipe 392 that bucket 39 can include staving 391 and be located at staving 391 inner upper, annular gas The entrance of pipe 392 is connected with the gas outlet 382 of jacket layer 38, and annular gas pipe 392 is uniformly arranged There is the puff prot (not shown) that some directions are downward.Drainage screen was blocked by shell mould slag using a period of time Afterwards, can be upside down in this filter screen recoil cask washing 39, the waste heat continuing with waste steam is carried out instead Rinse, so that drainage screen can be reused.
And, the bottom of filter screen recoil cask washing 39 is also provided with slag-drip opening 393, shell for convenience Mould slag flows out, and the lower inside edge of filter screen recoil cask washing 39 is preferably slope shape.
As shown in figure 4, automatically maintaining certain negative pressure value to easily realize permanent negative pressure bucket 361, Preferably on permanent negative pressure bucket 361 arrange pressure transducer (not shown), this pressure transducer with The controlling switch of vacuum pump 362 is connected, when the air pressure in permanent negative pressure bucket 361 is less than required negative pressure value When, pressure transducer can send signal to the controlling switch of vacuum pump 362, starts vacuum pump 362, The air pressure in permanent negative pressure bucket 361 is made to revert to required negative pressure value.
After use after a while, in permanent negative pressure bucket 361, hydrops can be produced, be that this hydrops is arranged Go out, the bottom of permanent negative pressure bucket 361 is also provided with discharge outlet 364.Meanwhile, permanent negative in order to prevent Electromagnetic valve between pressure bucket 361 and seal cavity 31 breaks down, and leads to be changed into high in permanent negative pressure bucket 361 Pressure, and then damage vacuum pump 362, preferably one less pressure is set on permanent negative pressure bucket 361 top The pop off valve 3611 of triggering work.In addition, it is excellent between permanent negative pressure bucket 361 and seal cavity 31 Choosing two electromagnetic valves of setting, one of on-off control being used as during normal work, another is used as standby With to improve safety.
During the use of dewaxing of ceramic shell device, the air within seal cavity 31 is high temperature air, This high temperature air easily causes vacuum extractor 36 fault, and the life-span of impact vacuum extractor 36, for keeping away Exempt from this problem it is preferable that as shown in figure 4, connecting between permanent negative pressure bucket 361 and vacuum pump 362 There is cooler 363.Cooler 363 can include water-cooled cooler and/or flow through cooler.? In this Fig. 4, both it had been connected to water-cooled cooler 3631, be connected to flow through cooler 3632 again. Water-cooled cooler 3631 can be connected with suction pump, cooling tower (not shown), ventilation type Cooler 3632 can include bend pipe and fan, water-cooled cooler and flow through cooler concrete Structure can be using well known to a person skilled in the art arbitrary structures, and here is omitted.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention it is noted that general for the art For logical technical staff, on the premise of without departing from principle of the present invention, some changing can also be made Enter and retouch, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of method of dewaxing of ceramic shell is it is characterised in that include:
Step 1:Pottery shell with wax-pattern is put in seal cavity;
Step 2:Evacuation is carried out to described seal cavity, makes vacuum be down to 100mmHg in 1s Below;
Step 3:Low-pressure low-temperature steam, described low pressure is injected into the seal cavity after described evacuation The pressure of Low Temperature Steam is between 1-2kg/cm2, temperature, between 100-120 DEG C, makes in described seal cavity Air pressure reach predetermined value at the appointed time, and then the final dewaxing realizing pottery shell.
2. method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described step 2 is specially: One permanent negative pressure bucket is connected with described seal cavity, to realize evacuation, so that vacuum is down to 80-100mmHg.
3. the device of the dewaxing of ceramic shell of the method for dewaxing of ceramic shell described in application claim 1 or 2, bag Include seal cavity, described seal cavity is provided with pop off valve, steam inlet, steam (vapor) outlet and Wax discharging port can make the vacuum of described seal cavity it is characterised in that being connected with described seal cavity Degree is down to the vacuum extractor of below 100mmHg in 1s, described vacuum extractor include with described Permanent negative pressure bucket and the vacuum pump being connected with described perseverance negative pressure bucket that seal cavity is connected, described steam inlet For injecting low-pressure low-temperature steam, the pressure of described low-pressure low-temperature steam is between 1-2kg/cm2, temperature Between 100-120 DEG C.
4. device according to claim 3 is it is characterised in that the lower section of described wax discharging port is arranged Have centrifugal barrel, be disposed with described centrifugal barrel 50-100 purpose first drainage screen and 500 mesh with On the second drainage screen.
5. device according to claim 4 is it is characterised in that the lower outside of described centrifugal barrel It is provided with the jacket layer for insulation, described jacket layer is provided with air inlet and gas outlet, described air inlet Mouth is connected with described steam (vapor) outlet.
6. device according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that described gas outlet is connected with filter screen Recoil cask washing, the annular gas pipe that described filter screen recoil cask washing includes staving and is located at staving inner upper, The entrance of described annular gas pipe is connected with the gas outlet of described jacket layer, and described annular gas pipe uniformly sets It is equipped with the downward puff prot in some directions.
7. device according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that described filter screen recoils under cask washing Portion is provided with slag-drip opening, and the lower inside edge of described filter screen recoil cask washing is slope shape.
8. according to described device arbitrary in claim 3-7 it is characterised in that described perseverance negative pressure bucket On be provided with pressure transducer, this pressure transducer is connected with the controlling switch of vacuum pump.
9. device according to claim 8 is it is characterised in that the top of described perseverance negative pressure bucket sets It is equipped with pop off valve, bottom is provided with discharge outlet.
10. device according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that described perseverance negative pressure bucket and vacuum It is connected with cooler, described cooler includes water-cooled cooler and/or flow through cooler between pump.
CN201610414295.6A 2016-06-12 2016-06-12 Method and device for dewaxing ceramic shell Active CN106392007B (en)

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CN201610414295.6A CN106392007B (en) 2016-06-12 2016-06-12 Method and device for dewaxing ceramic shell
TW105127315A TW201742686A (en) 2016-06-12 2016-08-25 Ceramic shell dewaxing method and device
PCT/CN2016/097556 WO2017215128A1 (en) 2016-06-12 2016-08-31 Method and apparatus for ceramic shell dewaxing

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