CN106389553A - 一种用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂 - Google Patents
一种用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂,由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:按其重量份数计,茵陈12‑22份、柴胡16‑20份、苦参12‑18、连翘8‑12份、牡丹皮12‑18份、紫苏12‑18份、黄芩2‑6份、金银花8‑11份、五倍子2‑6份。将传统中药合理组方,抗菌消炎、增强免疫力的功效极为显著,为水产养殖业提供了一种工厂化繁育海螺常见病害有效治疗药物,具有见效快、疗效确实、无药残、无任何毒副作用的特点。应用本发明的中草药制剂,可有效控制工厂化繁育海螺常见病害,降低常见病害的发病率和死亡率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于渔业用药技术领域,具体而言,特别涉及一种用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
海螺等贝类生物是卵生或卵胎生动物,海螺的产期大概在5~8月,这段时期海域水温较高,适宜海螺等生活繁衍。海螺有的种类主要是向海水中集体排卵排精,受精后的受精卵象浮游生物一样漂浮在水中,遇到礁石便附着上,在礁石缝隙待孵化,有的种类是在体内自行孵化,类似于蜗牛等的繁殖。
工厂化繁育海螺的常见病害,一年四季均可发生,且治疗难度大,对于该病的防治一定要坚持“预防为主,防重于治”的原则。若虾体表发生溃烂,治疗该类疾病不仅要杀灭水体中的致病菌,更重要的一点是杀灭皮肤溃烂处的细菌,同时内服抗菌药物清除体内的致病菌。
现阶段多采用西药抗生素进行治疗,尽管水产药品控制较严格,但西药抗生素滥用情况仍十分严重,使得工厂化繁育海螺的治疗难度加大,药物残留问题越来越重,给食品安全问题造成严重威胁。我国中药资源丰富,通过对传统中药进行合理筛选和组方,作为防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害首选,将具有非常重要的生产实践意义。
中草药属天然药物,在我国的应用和研究,已经积累有丰富的经验。利用中草药来防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害越来越受人们的重视和青睐,越来越被广泛接受,是与其独特的作用机制、作用方式和优势分不开的,概括地说,中草药防治疾病具有调整作用、扶正祛邪、无耐药性以及无公害等其它药物不可比拟的特点和优势,效果好,而且不存在抗生素药物的残留问题,对我国的畜牧业产品出口非常有利。另外,中草药还有价格便宜,来源广泛,使用方便等优点,是今后鱼药的发展方向之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂,由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:茵陈16-22份、柴胡16-20份、苦参12-18、连翘8-12份、牡丹皮12-18份、紫苏12-18份、黄芩2-6份、金银花8-11份、五倍子2-6份。
优选地,所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂,由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:茵陈18份、柴胡18份、苦参16、连翘10份、牡丹皮16份、紫苏14份、黄芩4份、金银花9份、五倍子4份。
进一步优选地,所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂是颗粒剂。
将上述各中药材制备成本发明的中草药制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:按处方量称取清洗干净的上述中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
上述防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害中药颗粒剂的用量为按50-80g/100kg体重的比例拌药饵,让工厂化繁育海螺口服,连用5-7天为一个疗程。
本发明人用中草药制剂防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害,从我们的实验结果看,应用本发明的中草药制剂可有效控制工厂化繁育海螺常见病害,降低工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的发病率和死亡率,而且还不产生耐药性。本发明将传统中药合理组方,抗菌消炎、增强免疫力的功效极为显著,为水产养殖业提供了一种工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的有效治疗药物,具有见效快、疗效确实、无药残、无任何毒副作用的特点;其制备方法简单,适合规模化工业生产的需要。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。本发明的实施例仅仅是用于说明本发明,而不是对本发明的限制,在本发明的构思前提下对本发明制备方法的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。下面结合具体实施例对本发明所述技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂,由茵陈、柴胡、苦参、连翘、牡丹皮、紫苏、黄芩、金银花、五倍子组成,其中,茵陈18kg、柴胡18kg、苦参16kg、连翘10kg、牡丹皮16kg、紫苏14kg、黄芩4kg、金银花9kg、五倍子4kg。
上述防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:称取清茵陈18kg、柴胡18kg、苦参16kg、连翘10kg、牡丹皮16kg、紫苏14kg、黄芩4kg、金银花9kg、五倍子4kg为原料,洗干净中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
实施例2
一种防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂,由茵陈、柴胡、苦参、连翘、牡丹皮、紫苏、黄芩、金银花、五倍子组成,其中,茵陈19kg、柴胡17kg、苦参15kg、连翘9kg、牡丹皮14kg、紫苏13kg、黄芩3kg、金银花10kg、五倍子5kg。
上述防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:称取茵陈19kg、柴胡17kg、苦参15kg、连翘9kg、牡丹皮14kg、紫苏13kg、黄芩3kg、金银花10kg、五倍子5kg为原料,洗干净中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
实施例3
一种防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂,由茵陈、柴胡、苦参、连翘、牡丹皮、紫苏、黄芩、金银花、五倍子组成,其中,茵陈20kg、柴胡20kg、苦参18kg、连翘12kg、牡丹皮18kg、紫苏18kg、黄芩6kg、金银花11kg、五倍子6kg。
上述防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:称取茵陈19kg、柴胡17kg、苦参15kg、连翘9kg、牡丹皮14kg、紫苏13kg、黄芩3kg、金银花10kg、五倍子5kg为原料,洗干净中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
实施例4临床试验
上述防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中药颗粒剂的用量为按60g/100kg体重的比例拌药饵,口服,连用5天为一个疗程。口服后通过肠道吸收达到治疗疾病的目的。
2013年6月28日,山东省荣成地区某工厂化繁育海螺养殖户饲养的工厂化繁育海螺发病,临床症状:患病的工厂化繁育海螺鱼尾柄部、躯干部或头部皮肤溃烂,坏死脱落,严重者溃烂深入到肌肉层,有的病鱼吻端溃烂。经诊断为典型溃烂病。遂用本发明实施例2所述中药颗粒剂治疗,用药2天后,病情明显好转,身体颜色变化明显,死亡率逐天降低,5天后死亡率为0,基本痊愈。
发明人用中草药制剂防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害,从我们的实验结果看,不管是预防,还是治疗,疗效显著,而且还不产生耐药性,经多次试验和小面积推广应用,取得了良好的效果,使渔场经济效益明显提高。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂,其特征在于:由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:茵陈12-22份、柴胡16-20份、苦参12-18、连翘8-12份、牡丹皮12-18份、紫苏12-18份、黄芩2-6份、金银花8-11份、五倍子2-6份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂,其特征在于:由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:茵陈18份、柴胡18份、苦参16、连翘10份、牡丹皮16份、紫苏14份、黄芩4份、金银花9份、五倍子4份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海螺常见病害的中草药制剂,其特征在于:它为颗粒剂。
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