CN106388978B - A kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction Download PDFInfo
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- CN106388978B CN106388978B CN201610819251.1A CN201610819251A CN106388978B CN 106388978 B CN106388978 B CN 106388978B CN 201610819251 A CN201610819251 A CN 201610819251A CN 106388978 B CN106388978 B CN 106388978B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/28—Bones
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
Abstract
A kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction, Step 1: establishing Digital Three-Dimensional data model after the preoperative hip joint three dimensional CT data of patient is processed, Acetabular reconstruction side three-dimensional bony structure restores disease reset condition；Step 2: by analyzing acetabular bone position, assessment acetabular bone state, clear Periacetabular bone amount and calculating Periacetabular bone thickness, formulates acetabular bone burr and acetabular bone screw is placed in scheme, and three-dimensional modeling is carried out to these guide plates and model；Step 3: making in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam model in grinding mortar guide plate, art using 3D printer；Step 4: above-mentioned guide plate and model integration and examining, redesigned if unqualified, if qualified will put into operation after guide plate and model disinfection.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to three-dimensional reconstruction bone technical field, be related to a kind of acetabular bone side form type based on three-dimensional reconstruction and
The preparation method of guide plate.
Background technology
Three-dimensional reconstruction refers to that the mathematical model for being suitble to computer representation and processing is established to three-dimension object, is in computer ring
The basis of its property is handled it, operated and analyzed under border, and establishes the virtual of expression objective world in a computer
The key technology of reality.
Artificial joint replacement refers to using materials such as metal, high molecular polythene, ceramics, according to the shape of human synovial
Artificial joint prosthesis is made in state, construction and function, is implanted into human body by surgical technic, instead of diseased joints function, reaches slow
Arthralgia is solved, the purpose of function of joint is restored.
3D printing is typically to be realized using digital technology file printing machine.Often in necks such as mold manufacturing, industrial designs
Domain is used for modeling, after be gradually available for the direct manufactures of some products, had using zero made of the printing of this technology
Component.The technology is in jewelry, footwear, industrial design, building, engineering and construction (AEC), automobile, aerospace, dentistry and medical treatment
Industry, education, GIS-Geographic Information System, civil engineering, gun and other field are all applied.
Currently, the disease incidence of hip joint is very high, Replacement of Hip Joint is still current best therapy.
But patient that is complicated for many patients, especially deformity of hip joint at present, being in a bad way, such as DDH；Or
Person is for the still shallow joint section doctor of many experiences.Various trouble and difficult point are often encountered during surgery：Such as it is true
Mortar determines that acetabular bone screw depth locality determination etc. brings difficulty for operation, and it is rear poor to often lead to patient.Tool
The problem of body, is such as：Operating time is long, such as needs to look for true mortar, determines acetabular bone position, depth, angle, determines that acetabular bone screw position walks
It is rapid excessively cumbersome.Surgical injury is big, needs repeatedly grinding mortar, osteotomy etc., the complication such as cause amount of bleeding big.Doctor can not often intend
The operation plan of fixed precisely personalization.
The success rate of complicated Replacement of Hip Joint (such as DDH) is undesirable, the mistake of highly difficult Replacement of Hip Joint
It is higher to lose rate, therapeutic effect is imprecise.Become problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The key to solve the above problems has several points：1, the objective time of day for correctly recognizing disease comprehensively；2, it is operation
Patient's (especially highly difficult patient with operation) formulates curative for effect, safe and reasonable personalized, accurate operation plan；3, ensureing should
The not discounted smooth implementation of scheme.
Nonetheless, the above method still needs the expert by experience very abundant real by ability after analytic demonstration repeatedly
It is existing, and efficiency and success rate cause anxiety.
Therefore, how using 3D printing technique preferably be operation on hip joint service just seem particularly necessary.
Invention content
The preparation method of the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction.Solution
Determined current many doctors, the patient that is in a bad way complicated in particular for deformity of hip joint, such as DDH true mortars during surgery
The problem of determination, acetabular bone screw.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical scheme is that：
A kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction, includes the following steps：
Step 1: Digital Three-Dimensional data model is established after the preoperative hip joint three dimensional CT data of patient is processed,
Acetabular reconstruction side three-dimensional bony structure restores disease reset condition.
Wherein, the concrete operations that Digital Three-Dimensional data model is established after being processed to hip joint three dimensional CT data are：
Image importing → threshold value divides (specific organization's extraction) → Three-dimension Reconstruction Model generation → CAD and (measures, design
Guide plate, titanium plate veneer, personalized implantation material etc.) → 3D printing；
It is specific as follows：
1) image imports：
Using the three-dimensional reconstructions software such as mimics and E-3D, the thin layer scanning image of dicom standard is supported.Patient passes through CT
Or after MRI is checked, the image of this format can be exported；
2) threshold value divides：
The gray value reaction of CT scan image is differential declines coefficient of the tissue for x-ray；Threshold segmentation method is base
In a kind of calculating operation of gray level image, tissue within the set threshold range is retained, and others are removed；
3) Three-dimension Reconstruction Model generates：
In MIMICS and E-3D softwares, then it is that object is described by the volume data of three-dimensional primitive, passes through the tomographies such as CT
After scanning device obtains the volume data of sufferer, the three-dimensional mask of object is obtained by Threshold segmentation, is calculated based on three-dimensional mask
The process of threedimensional model is exactly three-dimensional reconstruction；
4) CAD：
According to the actual conditions of sufferer threedimensional model, virtual operation design is carried out；Pass through CAD, 3-matic, MAGICS etc.
Auxiliary tool or Software for Design go out suitable guide plate or implantation material etc., participate in surgical procedure, and auxiliary doctor performs the operation；
5) 3D printing：
3D printing technique also makes increment manufacture, and refers to and is directly driven by mathematical model, with metal, plastics, ceramics, tree
The adhesive materials such as fat, wax, paper, sand, come the skill of structural physical entity by way of being successively superimposed in quickly shaping device
Art；The sufferer model and designed guide plate model that Three-dimensional Gravity is built up are put into rapid forming equipment, finally obtain 1:1 reality
Body；
Step 2: by analyzing acetabular bone position, assessment acetabular bone state, clear Periacetabular bone amount and calculating Periacetabular bone
Thickness, formulates acetabular bone burr and acetabular bone screw is placed in scheme, and carries out three-dimensional modeling to these guide plates and model；
Wherein, bone amount measures：
Because the mathematical model after three-dimensional reconstruction is in Threshold segmentation, there is part cancellous bone not extract, thus finally obtains
Threedimensional model have many cavities；Model is repaired by three-dimensional software, the ground for needing to measure can be selected after filling-up hole
Side measures the volume of threedimensional model, to obtain bone amount；
Bone thickness measure
By three-dimensional softwares such as MAGICS, two points of the front and rear wall of model are directly selected, be exactly at the distance between 2 points
Bone thickness；
Step 3: being made in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art using 3D printer, acetabular bone screw is led in grinding mortar guide plate, art
Plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam model；
Wherein, the material for making model uses medical macromolecular materials, specially nylon material FS3200PA
Step 4: above-mentioned guide plate and model integration and examining, redesigned if unqualified, if qualified by guide plate and mould
Operation is put into after type disinfection；
Wherein, specific test stone is：The first time that all guide plates and model come out in 3D printing will receive " product
The detection whether coincideing with design drawing ", it is unqualified using artificial judgment, such as the shape, structure of fruit product, quality character, then
It is reprocessed and is improved, serious failure then remakes product after adjusted design parameter；
It will " acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam mould in grinding mortar guide plate, art in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art
Type " carries out surgical simulation experiment successively, and whether each guide plate and each model between can correctly swimmingly combine, if there is having some setbacks if observing
The situation of profit, then reprocess, or remake.
Compared with the existing technology, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. operation consent can restore disease reset condition to greatest extent by observing and nursing
It is patient's design individuality precision 2. they can be combined rehearsal by operation consent by observing and nursing and guide plate
Operation plan
3. can quickly determine the positioning of acetabular bone, the size of burr, depth, angle etc. in operation
4. can quickly determine that acetabular bone screw enters to follow closely position, angle, length etc. in operation
5. realizing accurate operation plan, reducing surgical injury, shorten operating time, improve complicated Replacement of Hip Joint
Success rate, reduce the mortality of highly difficult Replacement of Hip Joint.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic process flow diagram of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the combination of grinding mortar guide plate, acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative (after grinding mortar) bone model in test example of the present invention
Illustraton of model.
Specific implementation mode
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description：
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction, including walk as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1: Digital Three-Dimensional data model is established after the preoperative hip joint three dimensional CT data of patient is processed,
Acetabular reconstruction side three-dimensional bony structure restores disease reset condition.
Wherein, the concrete operations that Digital Three-Dimensional data model is established after being processed to hip joint three dimensional CT data are：
Image importing → threshold value divides (specific organization's extraction) → Three-dimension Reconstruction Model generation → CAD and (measures, design
Guide plate, titanium plate veneer, personalized implantation material etc.) → 3D printing；
It is specific as follows：
6) image imports：
Using the three-dimensional reconstructions software such as mimics and E-3D, the thin layer scanning image of dicom standard is supported.Patient passes through CT
Or after MRI is checked, the image of this format can be exported；
7) threshold value divides：
The gray value reaction of CT scan image is differential declines coefficient of the tissue for x-ray；Threshold segmentation method is base
In a kind of calculating operation of gray level image, tissue within the set threshold range is retained, and others are removed；
8) Three-dimension Reconstruction Model generates：
In MIMICS and E-3D softwares, then it is that object is described by the volume data of three-dimensional primitive, passes through the tomographies such as CT
After scanning device obtains the volume data of sufferer, the three-dimensional mask of object is obtained by Threshold segmentation, is calculated based on three-dimensional mask
The process of threedimensional model is exactly three-dimensional reconstruction；
9) CAD：
According to the actual conditions of sufferer threedimensional model, virtual operation design is carried out；Pass through CAD, 3-matic, MAGICS etc.
Auxiliary tool or Software for Design go out suitable guide plate or implantation material etc., participate in surgical procedure, and auxiliary doctor performs the operation；
10) 3D printing：
3D printing technique also makes increment manufacture, and refers to and is directly driven by mathematical model, with metal, plastics, ceramics, tree
The adhesive materials such as fat, wax, paper, sand, come the skill of structural physical entity by way of being successively superimposed in quickly shaping device
Art；The sufferer model and designed guide plate model that Three-dimensional Gravity is built up are put into rapid forming equipment, finally obtain 1:1 reality
Body；
Step 2: by analyzing acetabular bone position, assessment acetabular bone state, clear Periacetabular bone amount and calculating Periacetabular bone
Thickness, formulates acetabular bone burr and acetabular bone screw is placed in scheme, and carries out three-dimensional modeling to these guide plates and model；
Wherein, bone amount measures：
Because the mathematical model after three-dimensional reconstruction is in Threshold segmentation, there is part cancellous bone not extract, thus finally obtains
Threedimensional model have many cavities；Model is repaired by three-dimensional software, the ground for needing to measure can be selected after filling-up hole
Side measures the volume of threedimensional model, to obtain bone amount；
Bone thickness measure
By three-dimensional softwares such as MAGICS, two points of the front and rear wall of model are directly selected, be exactly at the distance between 2 points
Bone thickness；
Step 3: being made in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art using 3D printer, acetabular bone screw is led in grinding mortar guide plate, art
Plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam model；
Wherein, the material for making model uses medical macromolecular materials, specially nylon material FS3200PA
Step 4: above-mentioned guide plate and model integration and examining, redesigned if unqualified, if qualified by guide plate and mould
Operation is put into after type disinfection；
Wherein, specific test stone is：The first time that all guide plates and model come out in 3D printing will receive " product
The detection whether coincideing with design drawing ", it is unqualified using artificial judgment, such as the shape, structure of fruit product, quality character, then
It is reprocessed and is improved, serious failure then remakes product after adjusted design parameter；
It will " acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam mould in grinding mortar guide plate, art in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art
Type " carries out surgical simulation experiment successively, and whether each guide plate and each model between can correctly swimmingly combine, if there is having some setbacks if observing
The situation of profit, then reprocess, or remake.
Material is using nylon material FS3200PA
Tensile strength：
48Mpa fully meets punching resting guide, and auxiliary mill is frustrated, cut, the intensity requirement of the operations such as punching.
Fusing point：
170, the problems such as will not being deformed with disinfection way such as ethylene oxide by cold sterilization.Physical property：
Chemical property：
Scientific name nylon 12.A kind of thermoplastic resin.Density 1.01~1.04.178~180 DEG C of fusing point.Water absorption rate
1.26% (in 20 DEG C of water).Resistance to diluted acid, intolerant to concentrated acid.Alkali resistance is fine.Solvent resistance is preferable.
Toxicology data：
1, acute toxicity：Mouse peritoneum chamber LD50：100mg/kg；
2, other multi-dose toxicity：Rat oral TDLo：2730mg/kg/13W-C；
3, genotoxicity：The preceding oral TDLo of 42 days male rats of mating：1260mg/kgSEX/DURATION；
Clinical test example：
Step 1
The three-dimensional of pelvis is determined by orientation block and pelvis intersecting lens.
Step 2 determines size and the position of implantation acetabular cup, obtains virtual acetabular cup center by MIMICS softwares
Position.
This patient finally selects the acetabular cup of 52MM
Step 3 obtains acetabular cup center line, and by virtual late-segmental collapse, the three-dimensional vertical direction of pelvis rotates
It 45 degree, leans forward 15 degree.
Step 4: doing the length that acetabular bone radius 26MM adds 20MM most short screws with acetabular cup center, the vacation of 46mm is obtained
Think that screw, screw leakage bone are non-security apart from screw.
Step 5, pelvis remove extra bone using 52mm as diameter, make the semi-round ball cup of a diameter 52mm, and containing limit
Bit flag.Hemisphere cup and can beat screw intersection location be 2CM screws safe range.
Step 6 selects binding face at limit mark, bone face is bonded in art, to the position of fixed hemisphere cup.
Step 7
Root pole is done by parallel acetabular cup center line on binding face guide plate, Kirschner wire, guidance mill bone can be inserted in art
Direction.
Step 8
The outer arc spacing ring of left parallel hemisphere cup on fitting guide plate determines direction and the depth of mill bone.
It is as shown in Figure 2 that above-mentioned design starts printed product (model+guide plate) final products after improving.
Operation
The bone mark of arbitrary hip joint routine approach → exposure acetabular bone upper edge region → preoperative plan of searching → installation mill
Mortar guide plate → grinding mortar → setting acetabular screw guide plate simultaneously marks → checks → is placed in mortar cup product → merging acetabular bone screw → follow-up
Step is identical as routine operation step
Table 1：" this method " compares the advantage of " airmanship "：
Table 2：" this method " compares the advantage of " simple 3D printing ", and (there are many 3D printings after three-dimensional reconstruction to go out bone at present
The report of model)：
The above description is merely a specific embodiment, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto, any
The change or replacement expected without creative work, should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
Protection domain should be determined by the scope of protection defined in the claims.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
Suddenly：
Step 1: establishing Digital Three-Dimensional data model after the preoperative hip joint three dimensional CT data of patient is processed, rebuild
Acetabular bone side three-dimensional bony structure restores disease reset condition；
Wherein, the concrete operations that Digital Three-Dimensional data model is established after being processed to hip joint three dimensional CT data are：Image
Importing → threshold value division → Three-dimension Reconstruction Model generation → CAD → 3D printing；
Step 2: by analyzing acetabular bone position, assessment acetabular bone state, clear Periacetabular bone amount and calculating Periacetabular bone thickness
Degree, formulates acetabular bone burr and acetabular bone screw is placed in scheme, and to hip in grinding mortar guide plate, art in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art
Mortar screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam model carry out three-dimensional modeling；
Step 3: using 3D printer make in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art in grinding mortar guide plate, art acetabular bone screw guide plate and
Postoperative acetabular bone side seam model；
Wherein, the material for making model uses medical macromolecular materials, specially nylon material FS3200PA；
Step 4: acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam in grinding mortar guide plate, art in above-mentioned preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art
Property model integration and examine, redesigned if unqualified, if qualified lead grinding mortar in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art
In plate, art operation is put into after acetabular bone screw guide plate and the disinfection of postoperative acetabular bone side seam model；
In the step 1, the concrete operations of Digital Three-Dimensional data model are established after being processed to hip joint three dimensional CT data
Include the following steps：
1) image imports：
The three-dimensional reconstruction software of the thin layer scanning image of dicom standard is supported using mimics and E-3D；By patient by CT or
Image data after person's MRI inspections, exports as the image of DICOM format；
2) threshold value divides：
The gray value reaction of CT scan image is differential declines coefficient of the tissue for x-ray；Threshold segmentation method is based on ash
A kind of calculating operation of image is spent, tissue within the set threshold range is retained, and others are removed；
3) Three-dimension Reconstruction Model generates：
In MIMICS and E-3D softwares, then it is that object is described by the volume data of three-dimensional primitive, is set by CT tomoscans
After obtaining the volume data of sufferer, the three-dimensional mask of object is obtained by Threshold segmentation, and three-dimensional mould is calculated based on three-dimensional mask
The process of type is exactly three-dimensional reconstruction；
4) CAD：
According to the actual conditions of sufferer threedimensional model, virtual operation design is carried out；Pass through CAD, 3-matic or MAGICS backmans
Tool designs in suitable preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam in grinding mortar guide plate, art
Property model, participate in surgical procedure, auxiliary doctor performs the operation；
5) 3D printing：
3D printing technique also makes increment manufacture, and refers to and is directly driven by mathematical model, with metal, plastics, ceramics, resin, wax,
Paper, sand adhesive material, come the technology of structural physical entity by way of being successively superimposed in quickly shaping device；Three-dimensional
Hip in grinding mortar guide plate, art in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, postoperative acetabular bone side seam model and the designed art rebuild
Mortar screw guide plate is put into rapid forming equipment, finally obtains 1:1 entity.
2. the preparation method of a kind of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, in the step 2, the specific measurement method of bone amount and bone thickness is：
Because the mathematical model after three-dimensional reconstruction is in Threshold segmentation, there are three that part cancellous bone is not extracted, thus finally obtained
Dimension module has many cavities；Model is repaired by three-dimensional software, the place for needing to measure can be selected to survey after filling-up hole
The volume for measuring threedimensional model, to obtain bone amount；
By MAGICS three-dimensional softwares, two points of the front and rear wall of model are directly selected, be exactly bone thickness at the distance between 2 points.
3. the preparation method of a kind of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that, in the step 4, specific test stone is：Grinding mortar guide plate, art in all preoperative acetabular bone side seam models, art
The first time that middle acetabular bone screw guide plate and postoperative acetabular bone side seam model come out in 3D printing, which will receive product and design drawing, is
No identical detection, using artificial judgment, shape, structure, the quality character such as fruit product are unqualified, then are reprocessed and changed
Product is remake after into, serious failure then adjusted design parameter；
By acetabular bone screw guide plate in grinding mortar guide plate, art in preoperative acetabular bone side seam model, art and postoperative acetabular bone side seam model according to
Secondary progress surgical simulation experiment, whether each guide plate and each model between can correctly swimmingly combine, if there is ill if observing
Situation is then reprocessed, or is remake.
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| CN201610819251.1A CN106388978B (en) | 2016-09-13 | 2016-09-13 | A kind of preparation method of acetabular bone side form type and guide plate based on three-dimensional reconstruction |
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| CN111329626B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2022-04-12 | 中南大学湘雅医院 | Knee joint spacer and preparation method thereof |
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| EP2844162B1 (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2022-07-27 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | System of preoperative planning and provision of patient-specific surgical aids |
| US9498233B2 (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2016-11-22 | Biomet Manufacturing, Llc. | Universal acetabular guide and associated hardware |
| CN103230302A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-08-07 | 陆声 | Production method of acetabulum navigation template |
| EP3057537B1 (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2019-06-12 | Mohamed Rashwan Mahfouz | Bone reconstruction and orthopedic implants |
| CN104887361B (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2017-02-22 | 青岛大学附属医院 | Fabrication template system for custom individual artificial total hip replacement operation acetabulum |
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