CN106385115B - A kind of wireless power transmission method and power transfer based on femtosecond laser - Google Patents
A kind of wireless power transmission method and power transfer based on femtosecond laser Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wireless power transmission method and power transfer based on femtosecond laser, flashover electric discharge between femtosecond laser transmitter and electrical signal emitter is acquired, it is handled to obtain stable voltage by wireless power transmission technology, the non-linear phenomena of generation is propagated in air into silk using femto-second laser pulse, electric signal receiving electrode flashover in femto-second laser pulse discharges, the voltage pulse that flashover discharges is filtered and be transformed into alternating current, remote-wireless transmission of electricity is carried out using femto-second laser pulse；The peak-to-peak value of alternating voltage after non-contact transformer couples can be reduced to that original 1/tens are even lower, and the insulation degree of late-class circuit can significantly reduce, and late-class circuit cost is made significantly to reduce.Output voltage of the present invention is DC voltage, is used as power supply for many equipment；It can solve power demand under some special statuss, such as telecommunication satellite wireless power transmission, high speed electric automobile power source etc..
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser, non-contact power supply and automatic control, in particular to a femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission method and a femtosecond laser-based power transmission device.
Background
When high-intensity femtosecond laser pulse is filamentized in the air, a very long low-density plasma column is generated, and the generated plasma column can be used for exciting high-voltage electricity and conducting the high-voltage electricity to a distance of several meters to dozens of km or even more in the air. The femtosecond laser power generation technology is expected to meet the power consumption requirements under special conditions, such as communication satellite wireless power transmission, high-speed electric vehicle power supply and the like. The strength of a pulse signal transmitted by the femtosecond laser can be set, a voltage pulse of several kV to several thousand kV can be obtained on an electric signal receiver, and the instantaneous impact current can reach several kA.
Currently, there are three main ways of wireless charging: electromagnetic induction type, electromagnetic vibration type, and radio wave type. The electromagnetic induction type wireless charging technology is based on the electromagnetic induction principle, a magnetic field is generated when current flows through a coil, another coil which is not electrified is placed in the magnetic field, and the current is generated in the coil. The wireless charging mode has short using distance, the electric energy loss can become large along with the increase of the distance, the transmission distance is basically centimeter-level, and shielding is needed between the coil and the circuit. The electromagnetic vibration type wireless charging technology is realized by utilizing the magnetic field resonance with the same frequency generated by current through a coil, the coil is adjusted into a magnetic resonance system and arranged in a magnetic field through the fact that the coils in an energy transmitting device and a receiving device have the same vibration frequency, a transmitting end is connected with a power supply, the frequency of an oscillation magnetic field generated by the transmitting end is the same as the natural vibration frequency of the receiving coil, and therefore the resonance is generated at a receiving end, and the energy transmission is realized. The transmission distance and efficiency of the magnetic vibration type wireless charging technology are determined by the strength of a magnetic field, the range of a non-radiation electromagnetic field is limited, the non-radiation electromagnetic field can be realized only within a short distance at present, the range is generally a range of several meters, and the non-radiation electromagnetic field is not suitable for long-distance electric energy transmission. The wireless electric wave type wireless charging technology mainly adopts microwave to transmit electric energy, a microwave transmitting device is electronic equipment directly plugged into a commercial power socket, and a micro receiving end is embedded into the charged electronic equipment to capture safe low-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by a transmitter. Although the microwave radiation type transmission distance is the farthest, the transmission power of the charging technology is small due to huge space path loss of the microwave radiation type transmission, and only the power of less than 100mW can be transmitted, so that the charging technology is only suitable for electronic equipment with very small power.
When the femtosecond laser with peak power density reaching a certain value is transmitted in air, self-focusing occurs in a certain distance range, and the typical transmission is called filament or self-control transmission. When the light beam shrinks, the pulse is shortened in the propagation direction and a narrow radius is kept in the transverse diffraction direction, the filamentation phenomenon is not frozen and is not a local structure in time and space, and the filamentation can keep the narrow light beam diameter to propagate for a distance exceeding the diffraction length without the assistance of any external guide mechanism.
The physical principles of filamentation in air are not well understood. Although many physical mechanisms work as the pulse propagates through the filament, the formation process is mainly due to two non-linear effects: on the one hand, the optical kerr effect, which counteracts diffraction and focuses the beam on itself; multiphoton absorption on the other hand limits the beam intensity. Gas ionization reduces the refractive index of the medium resulting in defocusing of the beam. One obvious feature of silk is its universality: filamentation occurs whenever the photon energy is less than the fundamental electron transfer energy, whether in a solid, liquid or gas. This indicates that a strong attraction zone of propagation kinetics may exist in the nonlinear region. When the central barrier prevents the propagation of light, filaments are still produced. The fact that the energy stored by the laser regenerates the filamentation results in filamentation throughout adverse atmospheric conditions such as fog and rain. When the laser energy is sufficient to propagate in the air for a certain distance, the filament length can reach several meters, dozens of km, and even longer distances. The occurrence of filamentation provides a channel for the transfer of electric charge, thereby realizing remote wireless charging.
The pulse frequency of the femtosecond laser can be adjusted within a certain range according to the setting. The extremely high amplitude of the voltage pulses on the electrical signal receiver imposes high requirements on the insulation of the electrical devices, and how to convert the voltage pulses on the electrical signal receiver into the direct current or alternating current required by the user is the bottleneck of the technology.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission method and a femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a wireless power transmission device based on femto second laser, includes femto second laser emission device, signal of telecommunication transmitter and high voltage power supply, and femto second laser emission device is connected with signal of telecommunication transmitter, and signal of telecommunication transmitter is connected with high voltage power supply, its characterized in that, the light path between femto second laser emission device and the signal of telecommunication transmitter is equipped with signal of telecommunication receiving electrode, and signal of telecommunication receiving electrode is connected with signal of telecommunication receiver, and signal of telecommunication receiver is connected with resonant circuit, and resonant circuit is connected with non-contact transformer, and non-contact transformer is connected with rectifier circuit, and rectifier circuit is connected with the BUCK circuit, and the BUCK circuit is connectedR oAre connected in parallel; the femtosecond laser emitting device is connected with the controller, and the controller is connected with the first wireless communication module; the BUCK circuit is connected with the drive circuit, the drive circuit is connected with the control circuit, the control circuit is respectively connected with the first current detection circuit, the first voltage detection circuit, the second current detection circuit, the second voltage detection circuit and the second wireless communication module, the first current detection circuit is arranged at one end of the resonance circuit, the first voltage detection circuit is arranged at the output end of the resonance circuit, the second current detection circuit is arranged at the BUCK circuit and is connected with the output resistorR oSecond electricityThe voltage detection circuit is arranged at the output end of the BUCK circuit, and the second wireless communication module is connected with the first wireless communication module through a wireless communication technology.
The resonant circuit comprises a capacitorC 1InductorL 1InductorL 2And a capacitorC 2CapacitorC 1A capacitor connected in parallel at two ends of the electric signal receiverC 2Inductors connected in parallel at two ends of the non-contact transformerL 1And an inductorL 2Is arranged in a capacitorC 1And a capacitorC 2Inductance betweenL 1And an inductorL 2Tightly coupled with each other and provided with iron cores.
A capacitor is connected in parallel between the non-contact transformer and the rectifying circuitC SThe non-contact transformer includes an inductance of a primary coilL PAnd inductance of secondary windingL SInductanceL PAnd an inductorL SMutually loosely coupled, inductorsL PAnd a capacitorC 2Parallel connection, inductanceL SAnd a capacitorC SAre connected in parallel; the rectifying circuit comprises four diodes connected in a bridge mode.
The first current detection circuit is arranged on the inductorL 1And an inductorL 2The first voltage detection circuit is arranged in parallel on the capacitorC 2And an inductorL PIn the meantime.
A capacitor is connected in parallel between the rectifying circuit and the BUCK circuitC 3(ii) a The BUCK circuit comprises a diode D1Diode D2Switch tube V1InductorL 3Diode D2And a capacitorC 3Connected in parallel, diode D2And a capacitorC 3A switch tube V is arranged between1Opening and closing tube V1Upper parallel connected with diode D1Opening and closing tube V1Is connected with the driving circuit; the output end of the BUCK circuit is connected with a capacitor in parallelC 4CapacitorC 4And an output resistorR oParallel connection, inductanceL 3Arranged at the diode D2And a capacitorC 4In the meantime.
The second current detection circuit is arranged on the diode D2And a capacitorC 4A second voltage detection circuit connected in parallel with the capacitorC 4Two ends.
The wireless power transmission method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the controller controls the femtosecond laser emitting device to emit femtosecond laser pulses to the electric signal emitter powered by the high-voltage power supply, in the process, the femtosecond laser pulses discharge to the electric signal receiving electrode in a flashover manner, and the electric signal receiver receives the electric pulses discharged in the flashover manner to obtain voltage pulsesu 1；
Step two: pulsing a voltage using a resonant circuit (10)u 1Filtering higher harmonic wave and generating self-oscillation to obtain AC resonant voltageu PThe non-contact transformer converts the AC resonance voltageu PInductance from primary coil by electromagnetic inductionL PInductance transferred to secondary coilL STo obtain an AC resonance voltageu S；
Step three: AC resonance voltageu SRectified by a rectifier circuit to obtain DC voltageu 2(ii) a Direct voltageu 2The direct current voltage is obtained by voltage reduction and filtering of a BUCK circuitu o；
Step four: the first current detection circuit, the first voltage detection circuit, the second current detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit respectively transmit current signals and voltage signals detected by the first current detection circuit, the first voltage detection circuit, the second current detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit to the control circuit (14), and the control circuit respectively calculates input power and output power; the control circuit controls the working state of a switching tube in the BUCK circuit through the driving circuit, adjusts the duty ratio of a PWM output signal and controls the size of output power; the control circuit transmits the input power through the second wireless communication moduleThe first wireless communication module is supplied with the pulse intensity and the output energy of the femtosecond laser emitted by the femtosecond laser emitting device, so that the output resistor is controlledR oA stable voltage is obtained.
The frequency and the intensity of flashover discharge are calculated by adopting an energy matching method, and the control method comprises the following steps: the control circuit calculates the output voltage according to the signals detected by the second current detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuitu oAnd output currenti oInstantaneous value, calculating output powerP o(t)=u o i o(ii) a The first current detection circuit and the first voltage detection circuit respectively detect the current at the output end of the resonance circuiti pAnd voltageu pThe control circuit outputs the voltageu oOutput current of the power supplyi oOutput power ofP o(t) voltageu pAnd currenti pThe information is transmitted to the controller through the second wireless communication module and the first wireless communication module; the controller judges the output voltageu oIf the value is lower than the limit value, the controller controls the femtosecond laser emission device to emit femtosecond laser pulses to realize emergency starting of flashover discharge; when the output voltage isu oWhen the value of (A) is not lower than the limit value, the voltage for the controlleru pAnd currenti pThe phase diagram of (1) analyzes power consumption, neglecting the action of other energy storage elements, and the energy storage of the non-contact transformer is as follows:W E(t)=C p u p 2(t)/2+L 1 i p 2(t)/2+L 2 i p 2(t) 2, then any two time pointst 1、t 2The energy storage difference value is:
∆ W E(t)=W E(t 1)-W E(t 2)
=[C p u p 2(t 1)/2+L 1 i p 2(t 1)/2+L 2 i p 2(t 1)/2]-[C p u p 2(t 2)/2+L 1 i p 2(t 2)/2+L 2 i p 2(t 2)/2]，
total input energy of circuitW in(t)=u o i o t/ƞ=W o(t) /ƞ(ii) a Calculating the input energy required to be provided by one-time flashover discharge by using the two formulasW in(t)=∆ W E(t) The controller calculates the input energyW in(t) setting the flashover discharge intensity of the femtosecond laser transmitter, and starting the flashover discharge by the controller when the starting timing time of the flashover discharge is up; and then entering the next circulation program.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the nonlinear phenomenon-filamentation generated by the transmission of femtosecond laser pulses in the air is utilized, an electric signal receiving electrode carries out flashover discharge in the femtosecond laser pulses, voltage pulses of the flashover discharge are filtered and converted into alternating current, and the femtosecond laser pulses are utilized for carrying out long-distance wireless power transmission; the peak-peak value of the alternating voltage coupled by the non-contact transformer can be reduced to one tenth of the original value or even lower, the insulation degree of the rear-stage circuit can be greatly reduced, and the cost of the rear-stage circuit is greatly reduced. The output voltage of the invention is direct current voltage, which can be used as a power supply for a plurality of devices; the power utilization requirements under special conditions can be met, such as wireless power transmission of communication satellites, high-speed electric automobile power supplies and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a waveform of the simulation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an experimental waveform of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the voltage of the resonant circuit of the present inventionu PAnd currenti PPhase diagram of (a).
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
A femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission method and a femtosecond laser-based power transmission device utilize the principle of the femtosecond laser as follows: the femtosecond laser is transmitted in the air, has optical Kerr effect on one hand, counteracts diffraction and focuses the light beam according to the laser; and on the other hand has multiphoton absorption to limit the beam intensity. Gas ionization reduces the refractive index of the medium causing the beam to defocus, resulting in filamentation in air, along which charge can propagate. The femtosecond laser filamentation is actually a nonlinear propagation region caused by femtosecond laser with peak power density exceeding a certain value, self-focusing caused by Kerr effect, multiphoton ionization and diffraction to cause femtosecond laser defocusing, and self-guided light pulses are formed when the femtosecond laser defocusing and the multiphoton ionization reach equilibrium, and propagate in a very long distance range with very high peak power density, so that the femtosecond laser filamentation is called filamentation, and the self-guided pulses generate a weakly ionized plasma column in a gas propagation region, so that the weakly ionized plasma column provides possibility for charge transmission.
The femtosecond laser always diffracts the light beam even if it propagates in vacuum. The law of Gaussian optics states that the spatial phase of a Gaussian beam increases by a factor as the beam propagates beyond the Rayleigh lengthThe rayleigh length is defined as:
（1）；
wherein,ω 0in order to make the waist of the user be restrained,λ 0is the wavelength of the laser light in the vacuum,n 0is the refractive index of the medium at the corresponding wavelength,k=n 0 k 0，k 0 =2π/λ 0wave numbers in the medium and vacuum, respectively.
Gases, liquids and transparent solids are dispersive media. In the positive dispersion region, red light propagates faster than blue light, which means that after a certain distance of propagation, red light appears at the front end of the pulse envelope, and blue light appears at the back end, which widens the pulse and reduces the peak power, and this effect is called group velocity dispersion, and the length of dispersion (LGVD) is used to represent the bit:
（2）。
wherein,t pin the form of a pulse width,k"=∂2 k/∂ω 2|ω 0is wave numberk(ω) At the center frequencyRate of changeω 0Coefficient of quadratic term, wave number in expansionk(ω) The series expansion is:
。
wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum,k' is the first derivative of k for the optical wave frequency. Refractive index of airnNot only its frequency but also its refractive index in the electromagnetic fieldn=n 0+n 2∙IEnergy in (r, t) determining space and timeI(r, t). Nonlinear Kerr coefficientn 2Same 3-order magnetic susceptibilityχ (3)=4ε 0∙c∙n 2∙n 0 2A related item,/3, wherein,ε 0is dielectric constant and coefficient in vacuumn 2Often negative. When the refractive index is increased by the pulse irradiation, monochromatic light (or continuous light) is first discussed, in which the laser intensity does not change with time.
The intensity of the beam on axis is usually the strongest and the central wavefront distortion effect of the beam resembles a lens, with the accumulation of various effects, without other saturation effects, resulting in a catastrophic change of the beam by itself.
The characteristic length LSF of the autofocus is defined as the length over which the nonlinear phase accumulation is exceeded, and can be integratedAnd measuring, wherein I is the femtosecond laser intensity, and z is the length. The autofocus feature length may be expressed as a function of peak power:
（3）
wherein, I0For the peak light intensity of the incident femtosecond laser as long as the power is inputP inBeyond a critical threshold, the autofocus will overcome diffraction-induced compression:
（4）
self-focusing propagation length of light beam when compressedL cA good approximation can be obtained from a semi-empirical formula:
（5）
wherein,L DFis the rayleigh length of the light beam,L candL DFas such, varies with the square of the spot diameter; pcrIs the critical work at which autofocusing occurs.
Filamentation requires a nearly lossless kerr region, which is caused by multiphoton absorption and plasma defocusing. For the generation of filamentation, the energy at which the laser photons undergo filamentation is the gas ionization potentialU iWhich is necessary for a very small part. When in useWhen the pulse decay (due to two-photon and three-photon absorption) is so severe that a very narrow filament is produced; when in useWhen the laser with the wavelength of 800 nm is transmitted in the air,=1.5 eV, potential for oxygen ionizationU i12 eV, so the first is ionized. Ionization of a medium requires a large approachIs stimulated, which is not possible at low power densities. However, when the beam is near collapse, the pulse intensity increases dramatically and ionization becomes possible. Ionization is abrupt since the ionization probability is strongly dependent on the intensity of the light. Both photon ionization and optical field ionization include multiple photon regions and tunnel regions.
The femtosecond laser filamentation is actually a nonlinear propagation region caused by femtosecond laser with peak power density exceeding a certain value, self-focusing caused by Kerr effect, multiphoton ionization and diffraction to cause femtosecond laser defocusing, and self-guided light pulses are formed when the femtosecond laser defocusing and the multiphoton ionization reach equilibrium, and propagate in a very long distance range with very high peak power density, so that the femtosecond laser filamentation is called filamentation, and the self-guided pulses generate a weakly ionized plasma column in a gas propagation region, so that the weakly ionized plasma column provides possibility for charge transmission.
The utility model provides a wireless power transmission device based on femto second laser, includes femto second laser emission device 1, signal transmitter 5 and high voltage power supply 6, and femto second laser emission device 1 is connected with signal transmitter 5, and signal transmitter 5 is connected with high voltage power supply 6, be equipped with signal receiving electrode 41 on the light path between femto second laser emission device 1 and the signal transmitter 5, signal receiving electrode 41 is connected with signal receiver 4, and signal receiver 4 is connected with resonance circuit 10, and resonance circuit 10 is connected with non-contact transformer 7, and non-contact transformer 7 is connected with rectifier circuit 8, and rectifier circuit 8 is connected with BUCK circuit 9, and BUCK circuit 9 and output resistance 9 are connectedR oAre connected in parallel; the femtosecond laser emitting device 1 is connected with a controller 2, and the controller 2 is connected with a first wireless communication module 3; the BUCK circuit 9 is connected with a drive circuit 13, the drive circuit 13 is connected with a control circuit 14, the control circuit 14 is respectively connected with a first current detection circuit 11, a first voltage detection circuit 12, a second current detection circuit 15, a second voltage detection circuit 16 and a second wireless communication module 17, the first current detection circuit 11 is arranged at one end of a resonance circuit 10, and the first current detection circuit 11 is arranged at one end of the resonance circuit 10A voltage detection circuit 12 is provided at the output terminal of the resonance circuit 10, and a second current detection circuit 15 is provided between the BUCK circuit 9 and the output resistorR oMeanwhile, a second voltage detection circuit 16 is arranged at the output end of the BUCK circuit 9, and a second wireless communication module 17 is connected with the first wireless communication module 3 through a wireless communication technology.
The resonant circuit 10 comprises a capacitorC 1InductorL 1InductorL 2And a capacitorC 2CapacitorC 1A capacitor connected in parallel at two ends of the electric signal receiver 4C 2Inductors connected in parallel at both ends of the non-contact transformer 7L 1And an inductorL 2Is arranged in a capacitorC 1And a capacitorC 2Inductance betweenL 1And an inductorL 2Tightly coupled with each other and provided with iron cores.
A capacitor is connected in parallel between the non-contact transformer 7 and the rectifying circuit 8C SThe non-contact transformer 7 includes an inductance of a primary coilL PAnd inductance of secondary windingL SInductanceL PAnd an inductorL SMutually loosely coupled, inductorsL PAnd a capacitorC 2Parallel connection, inductanceL SAnd a capacitorC SAre connected in parallel; the rectifying circuit 8 includes four diodes connected in a bridge. The first current detection circuit 11 is arranged on the inductorL 1And an inductorL 2The first voltage detection circuit 12 is arranged in parallel with the capacitorC 2And an inductorL PIn the meantime.
A capacitor is connected in parallel between the rectifying circuit 8 and the BUCK circuit 9C 3(ii) a The BUCK circuit 9 includes a diode D1Diode D2Switch tube V1InductorL 3Diode D2And a capacitorC 3Connected in parallel, diode D2And a capacitorC 3A switch tube V is arranged between1Opening and closing tube V1Upper parallel connected with diode D1Opening and closing tube V1Is connected with the driving circuit 13; the output end of the BUCK circuit 9 is connected with a capacitor in parallelC 4CapacitorC 4And an output resistorR oParallel connection, inductanceL 3Arranged at the diode D2And a capacitorC 4In the meantime. The second current detection circuit 15 is provided in the diode D2And a capacitorC 4A second voltage detection circuit 16 is provided in parallel with the capacitorC 4Two ends.
A wireless power transmission method of a femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the controller 2 controls the femtosecond laser emitting device 1 to emit femtosecond laser pulses to the electric signal emitter 5 powered by the high-voltage power supply 6, in the process, the femtosecond laser pulses are discharged to the electric signal receiving electrode 41 in a flashover manner, and the electric signal receiver 4 receives the electric pulses discharged in the flashover manner to obtain voltage pulsesu 1。
The strength of a pulse signal transmitted by the femtosecond laser can be set, the femtosecond laser transmitter 1 is opened under the action of the controller 2, a few kV-thousands kV voltage pulse can be obtained on the electric signal receiver 4 through flashover discharge, and the instantaneous impact current can reach several kA.
Step two: pulsing a voltage using a resonant circuit (10)u 1Filtering higher harmonic wave and generating self-oscillation to obtain AC resonant voltageu PThe non-contact transformer 7 converts the AC resonance voltageu PInductance from primary coil by electromagnetic inductionL PInductance transferred to secondary coilL STo obtain an AC resonance voltageu S。
Voltage pulse due to flashover dischargeu 1Has a high voltage value and a large harmonic component, and adopts a capacitor in the resonant circuit 10C 1Filtering and eliminating the peak of the voltage pulse; then by inductors tightly coupled to each otherL 1InductorL 2Capacitor and method for manufacturing the sameC 2InductorL PResonanceObtaining an AC resonance voltageu PAC resonance voltageu PThe resonant frequency of which depends on the inductanceL 1InductorL 2Capacitor and method for manufacturing the sameC 2InductorL PInductorL SCapacitor and method for manufacturing the sameC SAnd its subsequent stage equivalent resistance. Inductance of secondary winding in non-contact transformer 7L SObtaining inductance of primary coil by electromagnetic inductionL PThe transferred energy is converted into AC resonance voltageu S. AC resonance voltageu SAfter filtering by the resonant circuit 10 and coupling with the inductance coil of the non-contact transformer 7, the peak value is reduced to one tenth or even lower than the original peak value, and the insulation degree of the post-stage circuit can be greatly reduced, so that the cost of the post-stage circuit is greatly reduced.
According to the difference of the laser power transmission distance, the attenuation degree of the laser signal received by the electric signal receiver 4 is different, and the converted voltage pulse peak value is changed correspondingly. When capacitors are connected in parallel on the electric signal receiver 4C 1When high voltage pulse appears at both ends, the capacitorC 1The instantaneous voltage across cannot jump, which is important to suppress the peak voltage. And a capacitorC 1Associated inductanceL 1And an inductorL 2The current at two ends can not suddenly change instantaneously, and the magnetic fluxes generated by the two inductors are mutually offset, so that the capacitorC 2The instantaneous voltage at both ends can not change suddenly, so that the capacitanceC 2The two ends of the alternating current resonance voltage obtain approximate sine wavesu P. AC resonance voltageu PThe frequency of the laser can be adjusted according to the laser frequency emitted by the femtosecond laser, and the circuit of the invention adopts a laser beam of 500Hz and an alternating-current resonance voltageu PHas a frequency of 1 kHz.
Step three: AC resonance voltageu SRectified by the rectifying circuit 8 to obtain DC voltageu 2(ii) a Direct voltageu 2The direct current voltage is obtained by voltage reduction and filtering of a BUCK circuit 9u o(ii) a AC resonance voltageu SThe voltage is rectified by a rectifier 8 and the capacitorC 3Filtering to obtain DC voltageu 2Filtered voltageu 2Is pulsating direct current so that the later stage can further convert the pulsating direct current into stable direct current voltage. Direct voltageu 2Step-down by BUCK circuit 9, inductanceL 3And a capacitorC 4Filtering to obtain DC voltageu o。
Step four: the first current detection circuit 11, the first voltage detection circuit 12, the second current detection circuit 15 and the second voltage detection circuit 16 respectively transmit current signals and voltage signals detected by the first current detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit to the control circuit 14, and the control circuit 14 respectively calculates input power and output power; the control circuit 14 controls the working state of a switching tube in the BUCK circuit 9 through the driving circuit 13, adjusts the duty ratio of a PWM output signal and controls the size of output power; the control circuit 14 transmits the input power to the first wireless communication module 3 through the second wireless communication module 17, and the controller 2 adjusts the pulse intensity and the output energy of the femtosecond laser emitting device 1, thereby making the output resistorR oA stable voltage is obtained.
The control circuit 14 obtains the non-contact transformer 7 and the output resistanceR oThe input power and the output power are calculated after the current signal and the voltage signal are received, and a feedback control signal is sent to the driving circuit 13 or the second wireless communication module 17 after comprehensive judgment, so that the output power is controlled.
The main parameters of the circuit of the present invention are shown in table 1. Voltage pulse in the circuit of the inventionu 1Ac resonant voltageu PAc resonant voltageu SAnd the output DC voltageu oThe simulated waveform of the voltage pulse is shown in fig. 2, the electric signal receiver 4 receives the electric pulse of the flashover discharge to obtain the voltage pulseu 1The experimental waveform of (2) is shown in fig. 3. The correctness of the above analysis can be verified from the results of fig. 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 Main parameters of the Experimental systems
| Parameters of | Numerical value | Parameters of | Numerical value |
| Capacitor with a capacitor elementC 1 | 0.01 μF | InductanceL S | 20 mH |
| Capacitor with a capacitor elementC 2 | 2 μF | Capacitor with a capacitor elementC 3 | 10 μH |
| InductanceL 1 | 10 mH | Capacitor with a capacitor elementC 4 | 1000 μH |
| InductanceL 2 | 10 mH | Voltage ofu 1 | 100 kV pulse |
| InductanceL 3 | 10 mH | Voltage ofu o | 310V DC |
| InductanceL P | 20 mH | BUCK circuitf V | 25 kHz |
The energy provided by the femtosecond laser belongs to the property of a pulse charge source, and the energy is converted into an alternating-current resonance voltageu PThe voltage amplitude of the self-oscillation voltage is gradually reduced along with energy attenuation, the oscillation energy is not injected again until the next flashover discharge pulse arrives, and the voltage amplitude is also increased. The latter stage circuit processes AC resonance voltageu PObtain stable DC voltageu oTo stabilize the DC voltageu oThe capacitor is arranged at the end of the circuitC 4As a large-capacity energy storage element, a capacitor is consideredC 4The capacity of the power supply and demand system is limited, the terminal voltage of the power supply and demand system fluctuates when the supply and demand are unbalanced, and a real-time accurate control method is needed for balancing the supply and demand energy in order to ensure that the fluctuation range is within an allowable range (within +/-5%). Unlike other types of power supplies, the objects of the feedback control of the present invention are the amount of charge of the femtosecond laser pulse that is flashed off halfway to the electric signal receiving electrode 41 and the emission frequency of the femtosecond laser pulse (mainly, the amount of charge is controlled, and the emission frequency is not adjusted when the load does not change much). The amount of charge of the flash discharge is determined by the intensity of the femtosecond laser pulse and the voltage of the high-voltage power supply 6.
To achieve accurate charge control, the flashover discharge pulse and the AC resonant voltage must first be analyzedu PAnd currenti PThe relationship (2) of (c). AC resonance voltageu PAnd currenti PA schematic diagram of the phase diagram of (a) is shown in fig. 4. As can be seen from FIG. 4, in the absence of the flashover discharge pulse, the voltageu PAnd currenti PUntil the next flashover discharge pulse comes, the moving point of the phase diagram moves outward rapidly; when the flashover discharge pulse is over, the AC resonance voltageu PAnd currenti PThe oscillation of (2) shows a ring-shaped attenuation trend, and the size of the ring surface depends on the amount of the charge and the size of the load.
At AC resonance voltageu PAnd currenti PPhase diagram ofu PWhen the zero-crossing point of the transformer runs to another zero-crossing point, the running time of the zero-crossing point is 1/2 oscillation period, the period is divided into 30 sampling points, the voltage current value at each sampling point is compared with the result of the same sampling point of the last oscillation period, if the voltage current value is larger than the result of the same sampling point of the last oscillation period, the flashover discharge occurs in the period, otherwise, the oscillation is in a ring-shaped attenuation trend. Driven pointMove to the moving pointNo flashover discharge occurs, the energy is gradually attenuated, and the phase diagram moves on the inner ring surface; driven pointMove to the moving pointFlashover discharge occurs, and a phase diagram moves from the inner annular surface to the outer annular surface; driven pointMoving pointWhen the device moves, flashover discharge does not occur, and the phase diagram moves on the outer ring surface; the phase diagram gradually moves along the torus to the inside as the resonant energy gradually decreases.
The judgment of the energy of the flashover discharge adopts an alternating-current resonance voltageu PAnd currenti PThe phase diagram of the system is analyzed and calculated. As can be seen from fig. 1, 2 and 4, the ac resonance voltageu PAnd currenti PEach run of the phase diagram indicates the passage of one oscillation cycle. Neglecting the function of part of the energy storage element, the non-contact transformer 7 stores energy asW E(t)=C p u p 2(t)/2 +L 1 i p 2(t)/2+L 2 i p 2(t) Output energy,/2W o(t)=u o i o t/ƞWhereintthe time is represented by the time of day,ƞindicating efficiency. When no flashover discharge occurs, the AC resonant voltage is applied in each oscillation periodu PAnd currenti PWill be attenuated, and the output DC voltage will beu oIt will also decrease. Due to the hysteresis effect of the circuit stages, the energy of the flashover discharge needs to be at the DC voltageu oIt occurs in advance without decreasing to a preset lower limit, the energy injection and consumption of which are matched as precisely as possible.
The invention adopts an energy matching method to calculate the frequency and the intensity of flashover discharge, and the control method comprises the following steps: the control circuit 14 calculates an output voltage from the signals detected by the second current detection circuit 15 and the second voltage detection circuit 16u oAnd output currenti oInstantaneous value, calculating output powerP o(t)=u o i o(ii) a The first current detection circuit 11 and the first voltage detection circuit 12 respectively detect the current at the output terminal of the resonant circuit 10i pAnd voltageu pThe control circuit 14 outputs the voltageu oOutput current of the power supplyi oOutput power ofP o(t) voltageu pAnd currenti pThe information of the controller 2 is transmitted to the controller via the second wireless communication module 17 and the first wireless communication module 3; controller 2Judging the output voltageu oIf the value is lower than the limit value, the controller 2 controls the femtosecond laser emitting device 1 to emit femtosecond laser pulses to realize emergency starting flashover discharge when the value is lower than the limit value; when the output voltage isu oWhen the value of (d) is not lower than the limit value, the voltage is used by the controller 2u pAnd currenti pThe phase diagram of (1) analyzes power consumption, and neglecting the action of other energy storage elements, the energy storage of the non-contact transformer 7 is as follows:W E(t)=C p u p 2(t)/2+L 1 i p 2(t)/2+L 2 i p 2(t) 2, then any two time pointst 1、t 2The energy storage difference value is:
∆ W E(t)=W E(t 1)-W E(t 2)
=[C p u p 2(t 1)/2+L 1 i p 2(t 1)/2+L 2 i p 2(t 1)/2]-[C p u p 2(t 2)/2+L 1 i p 2(t 2)/2+L 2 i p 2(t 2)/2]，
total input energy of circuitW in(t)=u o i o t/ƞ=W o(t) /ƞ(ii) a Calculating the input energy required to be provided by one-time flashover discharge by using the two formulasW in(t)=∆ W E(t) The controller 2 calculates the input energyW in(t) setting the intensity of the flash discharge of the femtosecond laser transmitter 1, and starting the flash discharge by the controller 2 when the starting timing time of the flash discharge is up; and then entering the next circulation program.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a wireless power transmission device based on femto second laser, includes femto second laser emission device (1), signal transmitter (5) and high voltage power supply (6), and femto second laser emission device (1) is connected with signal transmitter (5), and signal transmitter (5) are connected with high voltage power supply (6), and femto second laser emission device (1) transmits femto second laser pulse and gives the signal transmitter of high voltage power supply (6) power supply, its characterized in that, light path between femto second laser emission device (1) and signal transmitter (5) is equipped with signal receiving electrode (41), and signal receiving electricity receives signal receiving electrode (41)The electrode (41) is connected with an electric signal receiver (4), and the electric signal receiver (4) receives the electric pulse of the flashover discharge to obtain a voltage pulseu 1 The electric signal receiver (4) is connected with a resonance circuit (10), the resonance circuit (10) is connected with a non-contact transformer (7), the non-contact transformer (7) is connected with a rectifying circuit (8), the rectifying circuit (8) is connected with a BUCK circuit (9), and the BUCK circuit (9) is connected with an output resistorR oAre connected in parallel; the femtosecond laser emitting device (1) is connected with the controller (2), and the controller (2) is connected with the first wireless communication module (3); the BUCK circuit (9) is connected with a driving circuit (13), the driving circuit (13) is connected with a control circuit (14), the control circuit (14) is respectively connected with a first current detection circuit (11), a first voltage detection circuit (12), a second current detection circuit (15), a second voltage detection circuit (16) and a second wireless communication module (17), the first current detection circuit (11) is arranged at one end of a resonance circuit (10), the first voltage detection circuit (12) is arranged at the output end of the resonance circuit (10), and the second current detection circuit (15) is arranged at the output end of the BUCK circuit (9) and an output resistorR oThe second voltage detection circuit (16) is arranged at the output end of the BUCK circuit (9), and the second wireless communication module (17) is connected with the first wireless communication module (3) through a wireless communication technology.
2. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the resonance circuit (10) comprises a capacitorC 1InductorL 1InductorL 2And a capacitorC 2CapacitorC 1A capacitor connected in parallel at two ends of the electric signal receiver (4)C 2An inductor connected in parallel at two ends of the non-contact transformer (7)L 1And an inductorL 2Is arranged in a capacitorC 1And a capacitorC 2Inductance betweenL 1And an inductorL 2Tightly coupled with each other and provided with iron cores.
3. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to claim 2, wherein a capacitor is connected in parallel between the non-contact transformer (7) and the rectifying circuit (8)C SThe non-contact transformer (7) comprises an inductance of the primary windingL PAnd inductance of secondary windingL SInductanceL PAnd an inductorL SMutually loosely coupled, inductorsL PAnd a capacitorC 2Parallel connection, inductanceL SAnd a capacitorC SAre connected in parallel; the rectifying circuit (8) comprises four diodes connected in a bridge manner.
4. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to claim 3, wherein the first current detection circuit (11) is arranged in an inductorL 1And an inductorL 2A first voltage detection circuit (12) is arranged in parallel with the capacitorC 2And an inductorL PIn the meantime.
5. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to claim 1, wherein a capacitor is connected in parallel between the rectifier circuit (8) and the BUCK circuit (9)C 3(ii) a The BUCK circuit (9) comprises a diode D1Diode D2Switch tube V1InductorL 3Diode D2And a capacitorC 3Connected in parallel, diode D2And a capacitorC 3A switch tube V is arranged between1Opening and closing tube V1Upper parallel connected with diode D1Opening and closing tube V1Is connected with a driving circuit (13); the output end of the BUCK circuit (9) is connected with a capacitor in parallelC 4CapacitorC 4And an output resistorR oParallel connection, inductanceL 3Arranged at the diode D2And a capacitorC 4In the meantime.
6. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to claim 5, wherein the second current detection circuit (15) is arranged in a diode D2And a capacitorC 4A second voltage detection circuit (16) is arranged in parallel with the capacitorC 4Two ends.
7. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to claim 1, wherein the wireless power transmission method comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: the controller (2) controls the femtosecond laser emitting device (1) to emit femtosecond laser pulses to the electric signal emitter (5) powered by the high-voltage power supply (6), in the process, the femtosecond laser pulses carry out flashover discharge to the electric signal receiving electrode (41), and the electric signal receiver (4) receives electric pulses of the flashover discharge to obtain voltage pulseu 1；
Step two: pulsing a voltage using a resonant circuit (10)u 1Filtering the higher harmonic wave to generate self-oscillation to obtain AC resonant voltageu PThe non-contact transformer (7) converts the AC resonance voltageu PInductance from primary coil by electromagnetic inductionL PInductance transferred to secondary coilL STo obtain an AC resonance voltageu S；
Step three: AC resonance voltageu SRectified by a rectifying circuit (8) to obtain a DC voltageu 2(ii) a Direct voltageu 2The direct current voltage is obtained by voltage reduction and filtering of a BUCK circuit (9)u o；
Step four: the first current detection circuit (11), the first voltage detection circuit (12), the second current detection circuit (15) and the second voltage detection circuit (16) respectively transmit current signals and voltage signals detected by the first current detection circuit and the second voltage detection circuit to the control circuit (14), and the control circuit (14) respectively calculates input power and output power; the control circuit (14) controls a switch tube in the BUCK circuit (9) through the drive circuit (13)The duty ratio of the PWM output signal is adjusted, and the size of the output power is controlled; the control circuit (14) transmits the input power to the first wireless communication module (3) through the second wireless communication module (17), and the controller (2) adjusts the pulse intensity and the output energy of the femtosecond laser emitted by the femtosecond laser emitting device (1), so that the output resistor is enabled to be outputR oA stable voltage is obtained.
8. The femtosecond laser-based wireless power transmission device according to claim 7, wherein the frequency and intensity of the flashover discharge are calculated by adopting an energy matching method, and the control method comprises the following steps: the control circuit (14) calculates an output voltage from signals detected by the second current detection circuit (15) and the second voltage detection circuit (16)u oAnd output currenti oInstantaneous value, calculating output powerP o(t)=u o i o (ii) a The first current detection circuit (11) and the first voltage detection circuit (12) respectively detect the current at the output end of the resonance circuit (10)i pAnd voltageu pThe control circuit (14) outputs the voltageu oOutput current of the power supplyi oOutput power ofP o(t) voltageu pAnd currenti pThe information is transmitted to the controller (2) through the second wireless communication module (17) and the first wireless communication module (3); the controller (2) judges the output voltageu oWhether the value of the pulse is lower than a limit value or not, and when the value is lower than the limit value, the controller (2) controls the femtosecond laser emitting device (1) to emit femtosecond laser pulses to realize emergency starting of flashover discharge; when the output voltage isu oWhen the value of (2) is not lower than the limit value, the voltage is used by the controller (2)u pAnd currenti pThe phase diagram of (1) analyzes power consumption, and neglects the action of other energy storage elements, the energy storage of the non-contact transformer (7) is as follows:W E(t)=C p u p 2(t)/2+L 1 i p 2(t)/2+L 2 i p 2(t) 2, then any two time pointst 1、t 2The energy storage difference value is:
∆ W E(t)=W E(t 1)-W E(t 2)
=[C p u p 2(t 1)/2+L 1 i p 2(t 1)/2+L 2 i p 2(t 1)/2]-[C p u p 2(t 2)/2+L 1 i p 2(t 2)/2+L 2 i p 2(t 2)/2]，
total input energy of circuitW in(t)=u o i o t/ƞ=W o (t) /ƞ(ii) a Calculating the input energy required to be provided by one-time flashover discharge by using the two formulasW in(t)=∆ W E(t) The controller (2) calculates the input energyW in(t) setting the flashover discharge intensity of the femtosecond laser transmitter (1), and starting the flashover discharge by the controller (2) when the starting timing time of the flashover discharge is up; and then entering the next circulation program.
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