CN106384165A - Smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on orthogonality analysis method - Google Patents

Smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on orthogonality analysis method Download PDF

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CN106384165A
CN106384165A CN201610816453.0A CN201610816453A CN106384165A CN 106384165 A CN106384165 A CN 106384165A CN 201610816453 A CN201610816453 A CN 201610816453A CN 106384165 A CN106384165 A CN 106384165A
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exhaust opening
smoke
exhaust
convection current
fire
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CN106384165B (en
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蒋亚强
李乐
刘军军
何勤理
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Sichuan Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Public Security
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Abstract

The invention discloses a smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on an orthogonality analysis method, and the method comprises the steps: (1) selecting smoke outlet set parameters which can influence tunnel smoke exhaust effect; (2) determining typical fire scenario of a tunnel; (3) selecting smoke exhaust efficiency and convection heat exhaust efficiency as examination indexes of smoke control effect; (4) adopting the orthogonality analysis method to design smoke outlet setting schemes; (5) calculating smoke exhaust and convection heat exhaust efficiency corresponding to the schemes; (6) selecting a factor level corresponding to a maximum value of the smoke exhaust and convection heat exhaust efficiency as an optimal value; (7) combining optimal values of factor levels to obtain an optimal setting scheme in first step; (8) adopting the smoke exhaust and convection heat exhaust efficiency and other conventional indexes to compare and analyze, and determining an optimal scheme. According to the invention, the method can comprehensively examine the influence from various parameters set in the smoke outlet to the smoke control effect, the smoke outlet setting mode can be optimized, and the smoke outlet setting optimal scheme can be provided.

Description

Smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on orthogonality analysis method
Technical field
The present invention relates to Fire Science and fire engineering field and in particular to be a kind of smoke evacuation based on orthogonality analysis method Efficiency rating method.
Background technology
During building and traffic tunnel occur fire, the burning of combustible can discharge a large amount of high temperature toxic smoke Gas, also can discharge amount of heat simultaneously.If the heat of burning things which may cause a fire disaster release can not discharge tunnel by fume control system in time, can Staff in tunnel can be caused safely with serious harm, impact fire fighter carries out fire fighting and rescue close to burning things which may cause a fire disaster, or even also can be to tunnel Road structure does great damage.
Tunnel machine smoke evacuation mainly has longitudinally smoke evacuation and horizontal central exhaust both of which, and usual ventilation and smoke evacuation share One system, this system is air vent mode under normal circumstances, occurs then to be rapidly converted into purging mode during fire.And tunnel is horizontal (exhaust opening is located at tunnel with side wall central exhaust generally to adopt top central exhaust (exhaust opening is located at tunnel top) to central exhaust Road side wall) both of which.In terms of horizontal central exhaust, forefathers mainly have studied the row in tunnel top setting mechanical smoke extraction mouth Mouth speed, smoke evacuation mouth-shaped and position, fire source power, and exhaust opening and the factors such as gas supplementing opening relative position are to smoke discharging effect Impact.Tunnel-side smoke discharging effect is subject to exhaust opening depth-width ratio, smoke vent area, exhaust opening spacing, smoke evacuation zone length, smoke evacuation The joint effect of the many factors such as mouth rational height, burning things which may cause a fire disaster lateral attitude, burning things which may cause a fire disaster lengthwise position, existing research is only for wherein single One or a small amount of influence factor combination carried out research.
All in all, presently relevant specification does not all provide relevant regulations for the concrete set-up mode of two kinds of exhaust openings, and Lack the analysis method of exhaust opening optimal design-aside, bring very big inconvenience to actual engineering design.
Content of the invention
For above-mentioned technical deficiency, the invention provides a kind of smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on orthogonality analysis method, its The setting of central exhaust mouth can be optimized, thus lifting the flue gas control effect of smoke evacuation system so as to can be by when there is fire More flue gases and heat discharge tunnel.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows：
Based on the smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method of orthogonality analysis method, comprise the following steps：
(1) select the exhaust opening arrange parameter of impact tunnel smoke discharging effect, this parameter includes the area of each exhaust opening, chi Very little and spacing；
(2) determine the typical fire scenario in tunnel；
(3) select smoke exhaust efficiency and convection current thermal discharge efficiency as the examination index of flue gas control effect, wherein, rehearse efficiency It is calculated by following equation：
ηsmoke,CO,i=mCO,i/mCO,max
In formula, mCO,iFor the CO mass discharged through exhaust opening in i-th operating mode, mCO,maxFor arranging through exhaust opening in each operating mode The maximum of the CO mass going out；
The abortive lot thermal efficiency is calculated by following equation：
η L H R = Q · C H R R _ t o t a l / Q f i r e
In formula,The convection current heat extraction total amount discharged for exhaust opening, QfireFor burning things which may cause a fire disaster total heat release, and Qfire =m Δ Hc, m is fuel mass, Δ HcCombustion heat value for fuel；
(4) orthogonal analysis are used to design the exhaust opening plan of establishment；
(5) for the typical fire scenario of the every kind of exhaust opening plan of establishment being determined according to orthogonal analysis and determination, Carry out test or numerical simulation analysis, calculate the corresponding smoke evacuation of every kind of scheme and convection current thermal discharge efficiency；
(6) analyze the variation tendency of exhaust opening each factor value in tunnel, select smoke evacuation and convection current thermal discharge efficiency peak Corresponding factor level is as optimum value；
(7) the optimum value of each factor level is combined, the preliminary optimal setting scheme obtaining exhaust opening；
(8) it is directed to the plan of establishment after optimizing and carry out test or numerical simulation, using smoke evacuation, convection current thermal discharge efficiency and other Conventional index (such as temperature, visibility etc.) is analyzed, and judges that whether the flue gas control effect of optimal setting scheme is Optimal case in all schemes, is then to obtain the optimal design-aside scheme of exhaust opening；No, then return to step (4).
Further, in described step (3),Calculating process as follows：
A () determines the open position of exhaust opening, and be divided into i unit according to exhaust opening size, and in each row Arrangement temperature point and wind speed measuring point in mouth unit；
B () fire opens blower fan after there is 60s and the exhaust opening of relevant position is discharged fume, the flue gas temperature of collection exhaust opening Degree and flow velocity；
C (), according to the flue-gas temperature at exhaust opening and flow velocity, calculates the convection current row at each exhaust opening according to the following formula Hot speed QCHRR, obtain the instantaneous heat extraction performance of corresponding exhaust opening：
Q · C H R R = Σ i = 1 i = N c p m · i ΔT i
In formula, cpFor air specific heat,It is the flue gas mass flow rate by i-th exhaust opening unit, andρ=1.2kg/m3, SiFor the area of i-th exhaust opening unit, Δ TiFor the cigarette in i-th exhaust opening unit Gas average temperature rising；
D () will be superimposed for the convection current heat exhaust velocity at each exhaust opening, obtain the overall convective heat extraction speed of fume control system Rate, that is,M is the exhaust opening sum opened, and j is j-th exhaust opening opened；
E () willTime is integrated, obtains the convection current heat extraction total amount discharged by exhaust opening, that is,
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention, using smoke exhaust efficiency and convection current thermal discharge efficiency as the examination index of flue gas control effect, and just combines Hand over analysis mode to primarily determine that the optimal setting scheme of exhaust opening, then verified and analyzed contrast, so that it is determined that final Exhaust opening optimal design-aside scheme.The many kinds of parameters that method proposed by the present invention can comprehensively examine or check exhaust opening setting controls effect to flue gas The impact of fruit, and exhaust opening set-up mode is optimized, so can lift the flue gas control effect of smoke evacuation system well, make More flue gases can be discharged tunnel with heat when there is fire by it.
(2) present invention is passed through in the unit of account time by measuring flue gas flow rate at each exhaust opening and temperature parameter The heat (convection current heat exhaust velocity) that each exhaust opening is discharged, is obtained the instantaneous heat extraction performance of each exhaust opening, and is calculated with this The convection current heat extraction total amount discharged by exhaust opening, then carries out the calculating of convection current thermal discharge efficiency, and then the convection current with smoke evacuation system Heat extraction total amount to characterize convection current heat extraction effect with the ratio of burning things which may cause a fire disaster total heat release.This calculation conceives rigorous, clear process Clear, all linked with one another, provide guarantee for degree of accuracy when subsequently carrying out quadrature analysis.
(3) flow scheme design of the present invention is reasonable, easily operated realization, and effect of optimization is good, and therefore, it is highly suitable for fire Popularization and application in science and fire engineering field.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the computation model schematic diagram of tunnel-side smoke evacuation in the present invention-example.
Fig. 3 is the change curve of smoke exhaust efficiency tunnel smoke vent area in the present invention-example.
Fig. 4 is the change curve of thermal discharge efficiency tunnel smoke vent area in the present invention-example.
Fig. 5 is for the corresponding fire and smoke spread scope schematic diagram of exhaust opening plan of establishment each in the present invention-example (with thermometer Levy).
Fig. 6 is (close with smoke particle for the corresponding fire and smoke spread scope schematic diagram of exhaust opening plan of establishment each in the present invention-example Degree characterizes).
Specific embodiment
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the mode of the present invention include but are not limited to Lower embodiment.
The invention provides a kind of method that employing orthogonality analysis method evaluates the wall exhaust opening setting of super long tunnel side, main use In the optimal design-aside instructing tunnel-side exhaust opening in Practical Project, lift smoke evacuation thermal discharge efficiency during fire, be evacuating personnel, Fire fighting and rescue creates more favorable condition.As shown in figure 1, the evaluation procedure of the present invention is as follows：
(1) select the exhaust opening arrange parameter of impact tunnel smoke discharging effect, this parameter includes the area of each exhaust opening, chi Very little and spacing；
(2) determine the typical fire scenario (as scenes such as car fire, high capacity waggon fire) in tunnel；
(3) smoke exhaust efficiency and convection current thermal discharge efficiency are selected as the examination index of flue gas control effect, wherein, smoke exhaust efficiency It is calculated by following equation：
ηsmoke,CO,i=mCO,i/mCO,max
In formula, mCO,iFor the CO mass discharged through exhaust opening in i-th operating mode, mCO,maxFor arranging through exhaust opening in each operating mode The maximum of the CO mass going out；
Convection current thermal discharge efficiency is calculated by following equation：
η L H R = Q · C H R R _ t o t a l / Q f i r e
In formula,The convection current heat extraction total amount that l discharges for exhaust opening, QfireFor burning things which may cause a fire disaster total heat release, and Qfire=m Δ Hc, m is fuel mass, Δ HcCombustion heat value for fuel；
In the present embodiment, above-mentionedCalculating process as follows：
A () determines the open position of exhaust opening, and be divided into i unit according to exhaust opening size, and in each row Arrangement temperature point and wind speed measuring point in mouth unit；
B () fire opens blower fan after there is 60s and the exhaust opening of relevant position is discharged fume, the flue gas temperature of collection exhaust opening Degree and flow velocity；
C (), according to the flue-gas temperature at exhaust opening and flow velocity, calculates the convection current row at each exhaust opening according to the following formula Hot speed QCHRR, obtain the instantaneous heat extraction performance of corresponding exhaust opening：
Q · C H R R = Σ i = 1 i = N c p m · i ΔT i
In formula, cpFor air specific heat (1.003kJ kg-1·K-1),It is the flue gas matter by i-th exhaust opening unit Amount flow rate (kg/s), andρ=1.2kg/m3, SiArea (m for i-th exhaust opening unit2), Δ TiFor i-th Flue gas average temperature rising (DEG C) in individual exhaust opening unit；
D () will be superimposed for the convection current heat exhaust velocity at each exhaust opening, obtain the overall convective heat extraction speed of fume control system Rate, that is,M is the exhaust opening sum opened, and j is j-th exhaust opening opened；
E () willTime is integrated, obtains the convection current heat extraction total amount discharged by exhaust opening, that is,
(4) orthogonal analysis are used to design the exhaust opening plan of establishment, specially：According to orthogonality analysis method, determine smoke evacuation The horizontal value of mouth arrange parameter, sets up quadrature analysis " factor level table ", and it is suitable to be selected according to factor quantity and horizontal quantity Orthogonal arrage, design the exhaust opening plan of establishment；
(5) for the typical fire scenario of the every kind of exhaust opening plan of establishment being determined according to orthogonal analysis and determination, Carry out test or numerical simulation analysis, calculate the corresponding smoke evacuation of every kind of scheme and convection current thermal discharge efficiency；
(6) analyze the variation tendency of exhaust opening each factor value in tunnel, select smoke evacuation and convection current thermal discharge efficiency peak Corresponding factor level is as optimum value；
(7) the optimum value of each factor level is combined, the preliminary optimal setting scheme obtaining exhaust opening；
(8) it is directed to the plan of establishment after optimizing and carry out test or numerical simulation, using smoke evacuation, convection current thermal discharge efficiency and other Conventional index is analyzed, and judges that whether the flue gas control effect of optimal setting scheme is the optimum side in all schemes Case, is then to obtain the optimal design-aside scheme of exhaust opening；No, then return to step (4).
Technical scheme and effect of optimization are illustrated with certain three lanes immersed tube tunnel for example below.
Tunnel width is 14.55m, and tunnel height is 7.1m, length 1.5km, using side wall central exhaust pattern, design fire Calamity scene scale is 50MW.When there is fire, some exhaust openings being located on the wall of side by opening burning things which may cause a fire disaster downstream direction are arranged Cigarette, needs by numerical simulation to mouth depth-width ratio, smoke vent area, exhaust opening spacing, smoke evacuation zone length, exhaust opening setting The crucial arrange parameter such as height is optimized.Numerical simulation adopts the calculating stream that Unite States Standard and Institute for Research and Technology (NIST) develop Dynamics codes FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) carries out calculating analysis, and the computation model of the present embodiment is shown in Fig. 2.
Numerical simulation considers 7 key factors altogether, selects L18 (6 here1×36) Orthogonal Composite table design, its Middle exhaust opening depth-width ratio is provided with 6 examination levels, and remaining 6 factor is provided with 3 levels, is shown in Table 1, need to be directed to 18 altogether Side wall smoke evacuation scene is simulated calculating.Here smoke exhaust efficiency and thermal discharge efficiency are adopted as the finger of examination flue gas control effect Mark, and analyze the variation tendency with each factor level for this two indices, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.According to the optimal value of each factor, The preliminary optimal design-aside scheme (operating mode 19) obtaining exhaust opening setting, and by itself and flue gas control effect in not optimized scheme Best operating mode is contrasted it can be seen that its smoke evacuation thermal discharge efficiency is all substantially improved, and illustrates excellent from the point of view of this two indices The exhaust opening plan of establishment after change is optimum, is shown in Table 2.Then examine or check flue gas edge using Fire Smoke Temperature and smoke particle density The longitudinal spreading range in tunnel, can be seen that from Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the corresponding fire smoke of the scheme after optimization spreads apart from the shortest, enters One step demonstrates the reasonability of exhaust opening optimal design-aside, obtains tunnel-side exhaust opening according to analysis process of the present invention Optimal setting scheme.
Table 1
Table 2
Method proposed by the present invention can comprehensively examine or check the impact to flue gas control effect for the many kinds of parameters of exhaust opening setting, so With this, setting of exhaust opening is optimized afterwards, is that actual engineering design brings important reference value and meaning.
Above-described embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, should not be taken to limit the protection model of the present invention Enclose, all body design thought in the present invention and change or the polishing of having no essential meaning mentally made, it is solved Technical problem is still consistent with the present invention, all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on orthogonality analysis method is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) select the exhaust opening arrange parameter of impact tunnel smoke discharging effect, this parameter include the area of each exhaust opening, size and Spacing；
(2) determine the typical fire scenario in tunnel；
(3) select smoke exhaust efficiency and convection current thermal discharge efficiency as the examination index of flue gas control effect, wherein, rehearse efficiency by under Row formula is calculated：
ηsmoke,CO,i=mCO,i/mCO,max
In formula, mCO,iFor the CO mass discharged through exhaust opening in i-th operating mode, mCO,maxFor the CO discharging through exhaust opening in each operating mode The maximum of quality；
The abortive lot thermal efficiency is calculated by following equation：
η C H R = Q · C H R R _ t o t a l / Q f i r e
In formula,The convection current heat extraction total amount discharged for exhaust opening, QfireFor burning things which may cause a fire disaster total heat release, and Qfire=m ΔHc, m is fuel mass, Δ HcCombustion heat value for fuel；
(4) orthogonal analysis are used to design the exhaust opening plan of establishment；
(5) for the typical fire scenario of the every kind of exhaust opening plan of establishment being determined according to orthogonal analysis and determination, carry out Test or numerical simulation analysis, calculate the corresponding smoke evacuation of every kind of scheme and convection current thermal discharge efficiency；
(6) analyze the variation tendency of exhaust opening each factor value in tunnel, select smoke evacuation and convection current thermal discharge efficiency peak to correspond to Factor level as optimum value；
(7) the optimum value of each factor level is combined, the preliminary optimal setting scheme obtaining exhaust opening；
(8) it is directed to the plan of establishment after optimizing and carry out test or numerical simulation, conventional using smoke evacuation, convection current thermal discharge efficiency and other Index is analyzed, and judges that whether the flue gas control effect of optimal setting scheme is the optimal case in all schemes, is, Then obtain the optimal design-aside scheme of exhaust opening；No, then return to step (4).
2. the smoke exhaust efficiency evaluation method based on orthogonality analysis method according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described step (3) in,Calculating process as follows：
A () determines the open position of exhaust opening, and be divided into i unit according to exhaust opening size, and in each exhaust opening Arrangement temperature point and wind speed measuring point in unit；
B () fire opens blower fan and relevant position exhaust opening after there is 60s is discharged fume, the flue-gas temperature of collection exhaust opening with Flow velocity；
C (), according to the flue-gas temperature at exhaust opening and flow velocity, calculates the convection current heat extraction speed at each exhaust opening according to the following formula Rate QCHRR, obtain the instantaneous heat extraction performance of corresponding exhaust opening：
Q · C H R R = Σ i = 1 i = N c p m · i ΔT i
In formula, cpFor air specific heat,It is the flue gas mass flow rate by i-th exhaust opening unit, andρ= 1.2kg/m3, SiFor the area of i-th exhaust opening unit, Δ TiFor the flue gas average temperature rising in i-th exhaust opening unit；
D () will be superimposed for the convection current heat exhaust velocity at each exhaust opening, obtain the overall convective heat exhaust velocity of fume control system, that is,M is the exhaust opening sum opened, and j is j-th exhaust opening opened；
E () willTime is integrated, obtains the convection current heat extraction total amount discharged by exhaust opening, that is,
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108983753A (en) * 2018-07-30 2018-12-11 上海市建筑科学研究院 A kind of fume control system performance synthesis appraisal procedure
CN111027176A (en) * 2019-11-07 2020-04-17 武汉科技大学 Method for calculating flue gas countercurrent length of tunnel side-direction key smoke discharge fire
CN112632448A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-04-09 应急管理部四川消防研究所 Effective smoke exhaust area calculation method coupling characteristics of environment wind field and fire field smoke
CN113339070A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-09-03 南京工业大学 Method for evaluating effect of inhibiting smoke streaming of double-hole tunnel by adopting baffle

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108983753A (en) * 2018-07-30 2018-12-11 上海市建筑科学研究院 A kind of fume control system performance synthesis appraisal procedure
CN108983753B (en) * 2018-07-30 2021-04-09 上海市建筑科学研究院 Comprehensive performance evaluation method for flue gas control system
CN111027176A (en) * 2019-11-07 2020-04-17 武汉科技大学 Method for calculating flue gas countercurrent length of tunnel side-direction key smoke discharge fire
CN112632448A (en) * 2020-12-25 2021-04-09 应急管理部四川消防研究所 Effective smoke exhaust area calculation method coupling characteristics of environment wind field and fire field smoke
CN112632448B (en) * 2020-12-25 2022-06-07 应急管理部四川消防研究所 Effective smoke exhaust area calculation method coupling characteristics of environment wind field and fire field smoke
CN113339070A (en) * 2021-05-28 2021-09-03 南京工业大学 Method for evaluating effect of inhibiting smoke streaming of double-hole tunnel by adopting baffle

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