CN106384092B - Online low-rank anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene - Google Patents

Online low-rank anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene Download PDF

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CN106384092B
CN106384092B CN201610814106.4A CN201610814106A CN106384092B CN 106384092 B CN106384092 B CN 106384092B CN 201610814106 A CN201610814106 A CN 201610814106A CN 106384092 B CN106384092 B CN 106384092B
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CN106384092A (en
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李平
徐向华
王然
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Foshan Haixie Technology Co ltd
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Hangzhou Dianzi University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/40Scenes; Scene-specific elements in video content
    • G06V20/41Higher-level, semantic clustering, classification or understanding of video scenes, e.g. detection, labelling or Markovian modelling of sport events or news items
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06VIMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
    • G06V20/00Scenes; Scene-specific elements
    • G06V20/40Scenes; Scene-specific elements in video content
    • G06V20/46Extracting features or characteristics from the video content, e.g. video fingerprints, representative shots or key frames

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of online low-rank anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene.The present invention proceeds as follows the monitor video set under given scenario: 1) monitor video being divided into training video and test video two parts, to each video frame extraction low-level visual feature, forming corresponding vectorization is indicated;2) by online sparse low-rank representation method, training video is learnt frame by frame with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization criterion, the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update is obtained, constructs anomalous video event detection model;3) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame, if error is greater than given threshold, judging the frame, there are anomalous events, judge frame by frame like this, until video terminates.The present invention carries out frame coding and reconstruct to the video under monitoring scene from the angle of low-rank decomposition and rarefaction representation, can judge anomalous video event online frame by frame, improve the efficiency and precision of monitor video abnormality detection.

Description

Online low-rank anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene
Technical field
The invention belongs to Video Analysis Technology fields, the online low-rank anomalous video event inspection especially towards monitoring scene Survey method.
Background technique
In recent years, the data that especially monitoring device obtains exponentially increase by all kinds of video capture devices, These data are widely used in ensureing residential security, the work safety, traffic safety of general public, and the important of government aspect sets The protection of the maintenance, emphasis institutional settings applied or even the defense military monitoring safety of State-level etc..Therefore, to different monitoring Video data analysis and excavation under scene, the detection of especially anomalous event seem very urgent, academia and industry pair This has carried out many researchs.Due to the light of monitoring scene often changes, target trajectory is different and external disturbance etc. because Element, so that monitor video not only has unstructured, sweeping feature, but also there are motion features unapparent, all kinds of to make an uproar The features such as acoustic jamming is more bring very big difficulty to the detection of anomalous video event.
There are some problems for traditional anomalous video event detecting method, such as only solve specific abnormal under some scene Type (traffic lane change, parking offense, article lose), can not real-time detection anomalous event etc..Therefore, occur being suitable for some The method of a variety of accident detections under scene, such as simple and effective frame difference method, sparse reconstructing method, but these methods are simultaneously Not in view of low-rank characteristic existing for video interframe, thus it is special in the structure of lower dimensional space to characterize video data well Sign.
Summary of the invention
In order to be detected in real time to the anomalous video event under monitoring scene, from the angle of low-rank decomposition and rarefaction representation It spends and frame coding and reconstruct is carried out to the video under monitoring scene, the invention proposes a kind of, and the online low-rank towards monitoring scene is different Normal Video Events detection method, method includes the following steps:
1, it after obtaining the monitor video set under given scenario, proceeds as follows:
1) monitor video is divided into training video and test video two parts, wherein training video is by selected normal video Composition, and to each video frame extraction low-level visual feature, forming corresponding vectorization indicates.
2) quasi- with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization to training video by online sparse low-rank representation method Then learnt frame by frame, obtain the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update, constructs anomalous video event detection model.
3) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame and judges that there are different for the frame if error is greater than given threshold Ordinary affair part, judges frame by frame like this, until video terminates.
Further, in the step 1) to each video frame extraction low-level visual feature, form corresponding vectorization table Show, specifically:
1.1) to three kinds of low-level visual features of each video frame extraction, i.e. Scale invariant features transform (SIFT), part two Value mode (LBP), histogram of gradients (HOG), portray the global and local structure in frame image, and three kinds of features of extraction are merged The column vector tieed up at m
1.2) vectorization representing matrix is formed to n frame training video imageS frame is tested Video image forms vectorization representing matrixWherein the representing matrix X of training video frame is as different The dictionary of ordinary affair part detection model.
Further, pass through online sparse low-rank representation method in the step 2), to training video with iteration ladder Degree mapping ruler and random optimization criterion are learnt frame by frame, obtain the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update, are constructed different Normal Video Events detection model, specifically:
2.1) the representing matrix X of training video is decomposed into two parts, i.e. X=XWV+E: front is divided by dictionary X and power The p Wiki matrix that weight matrix W structure linear reconstruction obtainsWith low-dimensional coefficient matrixProduct matrix, Rear portion is divided into noise matrixThe dimension of wherein p < < min (m, n), i.e. basic matrix and coefficient matrix are much smaller than m and n Minimum value, the corresponding p of each m dimension training frames x maintains number vector and is expressed as v, and corresponding m dimension noise vector is e.
2.2) online coefficient low-rank representation method, which refers to, adds Frobenius norm to weight matrix W | | | |F, to being Matrix number V adds Frobenius norm simultaneously | | | |FAnd l1Norm | | | |1Sparse characteristic is made it have, to noise matrix E Add l1Norm, is minimizing the mean square error between X and (XWV+E) under the constraint condition of above-mentioned norm, objective function is
Wherein, constant λ1> 0, λ2>0。
2.3) training video is learnt frame by frame with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization criterion, is updated Weight matrix W and sparse coefficient matrix V refer to t (t=0,1 ..., n) take turns iteration in the case of, first initialize weight square Battle array W0, sparse coefficient matrix V0, noise matrix E0For full 0 matrix, and introduce companion matrixWithAlso initial Full 0 matrix is turned to, subscript represents iteration wheel number, and specific step is as follows for iteration:
A) a frame x is selected at random from training video frame settCarry out model construction.
B) take turns iteration in t, fixed weight matrix and noise vector, by solve following formula obtain the coefficient of the wheel iteration to Measure vt, i.e.,
Wherein symbol | | | |2Indicate the l of vector2Norm.
C) take turns iteration in t, fixed weight matrix and coefficient vector, by solve following formula obtain the noise of the wheel iteration to Measure et, i.e.,
D) two companion matrixs are updated by following formula, i.e.,
Wherein symbol ()TIndicate the transposition of vector or matrix.
E) weight matrix W is updated using iterative gradient mapping ruler, i.e., gradient is calculated to matrix column vector, and by reflecting It penetrates to obtain the new expression of each column vector.
F) it repeats the above steps, until training video frame set becomes empty set, and obtains the weight updated by n times iteration Matrix W and sparse coefficient matrix V.
2.4) building anomalous video event detection model refers to video frame x to be detectedtestIt carries out in step 2.3) B) after and c) operating, corresponding coefficient vector v can be obtainedtestWith noise vector etest, then calculate two reconstructed error value fvWith fe, i.e.,
So far anomalous video event detection model construction is completed.
Normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame in the step 3), if error is greater than given threshold, Judging the frame, there are anomalous events, judge frame by frame like this, specifically:
3.1) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frameIt is set if reconstructed error err is greater than Fixed normal number threshold value Θ, then judge that there are anomalous events for the video frame.
3.2) step 3.1) is successively repeated to all test video frames frame by frame, that is, can determine whether different in all test videos Ordinary affair part.
The invention proposes the online low-rank anomalous video event detecting methods towards monitoring scene, and the advantage is that can Coding video frames and data reconstruction are carried out from the angle of low-rank decomposition and rarefaction representation to the video under monitoring scene, it can be frame by frame Judge whether anomalous event occur in video in real time, improve the accuracy and efficiency of the judgement of monitor video anomalous event, The special scenes such as safety monitoring for public transport, emphasis institutional settings, defense military strategic point provide good technical support.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, the invention will be further described.
The present invention proposes a kind of online anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene, not only considers video data Sparsity structure, it is also contemplated that the low-rank structure of data.Main thought is to introduce reconstructed error mechanism, is changed with normal video data Generation training dictionary and basic matrix, then detect reconstructed error whether in reasonable value range to new video frame frame by frame.Pass through this Kind mode can carry out accident detection to endlessly video data in real time, referring to attached drawing 1, further illustrate:
1, it after obtaining the monitor video set under given scenario, performs the following operation:
1) monitor video is divided into training video and test video two parts, wherein training video is by selected normal video Composition, and to each video frame extraction low-level visual feature, forming corresponding vectorization indicates.
2) quasi- with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization to training video by online sparse low-rank representation method Then learnt frame by frame, obtain the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update, constructs anomalous video event detection model.
3) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame and judges that there are different for the frame if error is greater than given threshold Ordinary affair part, judges frame by frame like this, until video terminates.
To each video frame extraction low-level visual feature described in step 1), forming corresponding vectorization is indicated, specifically:
1.1) to three kinds of low-level visual features of each video frame extraction, i.e. Scale invariant features transform (SIFT), part two Value mode (LBP), histogram of gradients (HOG), portray the global and local structure in frame image, and three kinds of features of extraction are merged The column vector tieed up at m
1.2) vectorization representing matrix is formed to n frame training video imageS frame is tested Video image forms vectorization representing matrixWherein the representing matrix X of training video frame is as different The dictionary of ordinary affair part detection model.
In step 2) by online sparse low-rank representation method, to training video with iterative gradient mapping ruler and with Machine Optimality Criteria is learnt frame by frame, obtains the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update, constructs anomalous video event detection Model, specifically:
2.1) the representing matrix X of training video is decomposed into two parts, i.e. X=XWV+E: front is divided by dictionary X and power The p Wiki matrix that weight matrix W structure linear reconstruction obtainsWith low-dimensional coefficient matrixProduct moment Battle array, rear portion is divided into noise matrixThe dimension of wherein p < < min (m, n), i.e. basic matrix and coefficient matrix are much smaller than m With the minimum value of n, the corresponding p of each m dimension training frames x maintains number vector and is expressed as v, and corresponding m dimension noise vector is e.
2.2) online coefficient low-rank representation method, which refers to, adds Frobenius norm to weight matrix W | | | |F, to being Matrix number V adds Frobenius norm simultaneously | | | |FAnd l1Norm | | | |1Sparse characteristic is made it have, to noise matrix E Add l1Norm, is minimizing the mean square error between X and (XWV+E) under the constraint condition of above-mentioned norm, objective function is
Wherein, constant λ1> 0, λ2>0;
2.3) training video is learnt frame by frame with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization criterion, is updated Weight matrix W and sparse coefficient matrix V refer to t (t=0,1 ..., n) take turns iteration in the case of, first initialize weight square Battle array W0, sparse coefficient matrix V0, noise matrix E0For full 0 matrix, and introduce companion matrixWithAlso initial Full 0 matrix is turned to, subscript represents iteration wheel number, and specific step is as follows for iteration:
A) a frame x is selected at random from training video frame settCarry out model construction.
B) take turns iteration in t, fixed weight matrix and noise vector, by solve following formula obtain the coefficient of the wheel iteration to Measure vt, i.e.,
Wherein symbol | | | |2Indicate the l of vector2Norm.
C) take turns iteration in t, fixed weight matrix and coefficient vector, by solve following formula obtain the noise of the wheel iteration to Measure et, i.e.,
D) two companion matrixs are updated by following formula, i.e.,
Wherein symbol ()TIndicate the transposition of vector or matrix.
E) weight matrix W is updated using iterative gradient mapping ruler, i.e., gradient is calculated to matrix column vector, and by reflecting It penetrates to obtain the new expression of each column vector.
F) it repeats the above steps, until training video frame set becomes empty set, and obtains the weight updated by n times iteration Matrix W and sparse coefficient matrix V.
2.4) building anomalous video event detection model refers to video frame x to be detectedtestIt carries out in step 2.3) B) after and c) operating, corresponding coefficient vector v can be obtainedtestWith noise vector etest, then calculate two reconstructed error value fvWith fe, i.e.,
So far anomalous video event detection model construction is completed.
Normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame in step 3), if error is greater than given threshold, judgement should There are anomalous events for frame, judge frame by frame like this, specifically:
3.1) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frameIt is set if reconstructed error err is greater than Fixed normal number threshold value Θ, then judge that there are anomalous events for the video frame.
3.2) step 3.1) is successively repeated to all test video frames frame by frame, that is, can determine whether different in all test videos Ordinary affair part.
Content described in this specification embodiment is only enumerating to the way of realization of inventive concept, protection of the invention Range should not be construed as being limited to the specific forms stated in the embodiments, and protection scope of the present invention is also and in this field skill Art personnel conceive according to the present invention it is conceivable that equivalent technologies mean.

Claims (2)

1. the online low-rank anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene, it is characterised in that the monitoring under given scenario Video collection proceeds as follows:
1) monitor video is divided into training video and test video two parts, wherein training video is by selected normal video group At, and to each video frame extraction low-level visual feature, forming corresponding vectorization indicates;
2) by online sparse low-rank representation method, to training video with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization criterion into Row learns frame by frame, obtains the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update, constructs anomalous video event detection model;
3) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame, if error is greater than given threshold, judges that the frame has abnormal thing Part judges frame by frame like this, until video terminates;
In the step 1) to each video frame extraction low-level visual feature, forming corresponding vectorization indicates, specifically:
1.1) to three kinds of low-level visual features of each video frame extraction, i.e. Scale invariant features transform, local binary patterns and gradient Histogram portrays the global and local structure in frame image, and three kinds of features of extraction are merged into the column vector of m dimension
1.2) vectorization representing matrix is formed to n frame training video imageTo s frame test video Image forms vectorization representing matrixWherein the representing matrix X of training video frame is as abnormal thing The dictionary of part detection model;
In the step 2) by online sparse low-rank representation method, to training video with iterative gradient mapping ruler and Random optimization criterion is learnt frame by frame, obtains the weight matrix and sparse coefficient matrix of update, building anomalous video event inspection Model is surveyed, specifically:
2.1) the representing matrix X of training video is decomposed into two parts, i.e. X=XWV+E: front is divided by dictionary X and weight square The p Wiki matrix that battle array W structure linear reconstruction obtainsWith low-dimensional coefficient matrixProduct matrix, rear portion It is divided into noise matrixThe dimension of wherein p < < min (m, n), i.e. basic matrix and coefficient matrix are most much smaller than m and n Small value, the corresponding p of each m dimension training frames x maintain number vector and are expressed as v, and corresponding m dimension noise vector is e;
2.2) online coefficient low-rank representation method, which refers to, adds Frobenius norm to weight matrix W | | | |F, to coefficient matrix V adds Frobenius norm simultaneously | | | |FAnd l1Norm | | | |1Sparse characteristic is made it have, l is added to noise matrix E1 Norm, is minimizing the mean square error between X and (XWV+E) under the constraint condition of above-mentioned norm, objective function is
Wherein, constant λ1> 0, λ2>0;
2.3) training video is learnt frame by frame with iterative gradient mapping ruler and random optimization criterion, obtains the power of update Weight matrix W and sparse coefficient matrix V refer in the case of t (t=0,1 ..., n) takes turns iteration, first initialize weight matrix W0、 Sparse coefficient matrix V0, noise matrix E0For full 0 matrix, and introduce companion matrixWithAlso it is initialized as Full 0 matrix, subscript represent iteration wheel number, and specific step is as follows for iteration:
A) a frame x is selected at random from training video frame settCarry out model construction;
B) iteration, fixed weight matrix and noise vector are taken turns in t, the coefficient vector v of the wheel iteration is obtained by solving following formulat, I.e.
Wherein symbol | | | |2Indicate the l of vector2Norm;
C) iteration, fixed weight matrix and coefficient vector are taken turns in t, the noise vector e of the wheel iteration is obtained by solving following formulat, I.e.
D) two companion matrixs are updated by following formula, i.e.,
Wherein symbol ()TIndicate the transposition of vector or matrix;
E) weight matrix W is updated using iterative gradient mapping ruler, i.e., gradient is calculated to matrix column vector, and by mapping To the new expression of each column vector;
F) it repeats the above steps, until training video frame set becomes empty set, and obtains the weight matrix updated by n times iteration W and sparse coefficient matrix V;
2.4) building anomalous video event detection model refers to video frame x to be detectedtestCarry out the b in step 2.3)) and c) After operation, corresponding coefficient vector v is obtainedtestWith noise vector etest, then calculate two reconstructed error value fvAnd fe, i.e.,
So far anomalous video event detection model construction is completed.
2. the online low-rank anomalous video event detecting method towards monitoring scene as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: Normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frame in the step 3), if error judges the frame greater than given threshold There are anomalous events, judge frame by frame like this, specifically:
3.1) normalization reconstructed error is calculated to test video frameIf reconstructed error err is greater than setting Normal number threshold value Θ then judges that there are anomalous events for the video frame;
3.2) step 3.1) is successively repeated to all test video frames frame by frame, that is, can determine whether the abnormal thing in all test videos Part.
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