CN106383062A - Method for evaluating mineral raw materials - Google Patents
Method for evaluating mineral raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN106383062A CN106383062A CN201610740805.9A CN201610740805A CN106383062A CN 106383062 A CN106383062 A CN 106383062A CN 201610740805 A CN201610740805 A CN 201610740805A CN 106383062 A CN106383062 A CN 106383062A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N5/00—Analysing materials by weighing, e.g. weighing small particles separated from a gas or liquid
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for evaluating mineral raw materials. According to the method, firstly, the mixture of mineral raw materials and a fluxing agent is placed into a crucible, and the crucible is placed into the furnace body of a thermal analyzer. Secondly, the furnace body of the thermal analyzer is controlled to be heated, so that the temperature of the furnace body of the thermal analyzer is increased to a predetermined temperature. After that, the furnace body of the thermal analyzer is cooled to the room temperature. Thirdly, a relation curve among the enthalpy, the weight percentage and the temperature of the fluxing agent, and a relation curve among the enthalpy, the weight percentage and the temperature of the mixture of mineral raw materials and the fluxing agent are respectively generated. Fourthly, the difference between the two relation curves is figured out, so that the melting temperature and the weight percentage of mineral raw materials are obtained. Based on the above method, not only the melting difficulty level of mineral raw materials can be accurately evaluated, but also the method is fast, simple in operation and non-toxic.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of assessment raw mineral materials, more particularly, to assess raw mineral materials high temperature melting complexity
Method.
Background technology
Raw mineral materials is the main production raw material of silicate industry, and the quality of its taste decides the energy consumption of silicate industry
And product quality.
At present, raw mineral materials melt complexity mainly by test material composition, identification mineral mineral phase structure form, former
The methods such as the heavy mineral in material are evaluating.Wherein, material composition test result mainly to be represented in the form of various oxides, no
The fusing complexity of raw mineral materials can definitely be shown；Although ore deposit phase composition indicates the knot of raw mineral materials from microstructure
Structure forms, and determines the species of raw material, but some thing phases have different crystallographic systems and crystal structure, its fusion temperature is also poor
Different, therefore do not reach the fusing complexity passing judgment on raw mineral materials exactly.
Heavy mineral in raw material, is commonly defined as raw mineral materials Midst density and is more than quartz sand (ρ=2.65g/cm3) ore deposit
Thing.Therefore, measure heavy mineral content in raw mineral materials and be not necessarily completely infusibility material, how many ore deposits is passed judgment on heavy mineral content
The fusing complexity of raw material is unilateral.Additionally, the detection agents useful for same of heavy mineral contain toxic, long period of operation exist in
Malicious risk, and the test period is long.
Content of the invention
Present invention seek to address that problem as described above.It is an object of the invention to being silicate industry, particularly glass
Industry provides a kind of assessment fusible method of raw mineral materials.The fusing that the method can not only evaluate raw mineral materials exactly is difficult
Easily degree, also has the advantage such as quick, simple to operate, nontoxic.
The present invention provides a kind of method of assessment raw mineral materials, comprises the following steps：
1S:Take flux in crucible, be placed in thermal analyzer body of heater；
2S:Control thermal analyzer body of heater to be warming up to predetermined temperature, subsequently cool to room temperature with the furnace, generate the heat of flux
The relation curve of enthalpy, percentage by weight and temperature；
3S:Take raw mineral materials and flux, with predetermined quality than mix homogeneously, formation raw mineral materials is mixed with flux
Compound；
4S:The mixture taking step 3S chats raw material and flux, in crucible, is placed in thermal analyzer body of heater；
5S:Control thermal analyzer body of heater to be warming up to described predetermined temperature, subsequently cool to room temperature with the furnace, generate raw mineral materials
Relation curve with the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the mixture of flux；
6S:With the relation curve of step 5S and the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the flux of step 2S gained and ore deposit
Raw material is poor with the relation curve of the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the mixture of flux, to obtain raw mineral materials
Fusion temperature and percentage by weight.
Wherein, predetermined mass ratio described in described step 3S is 0.5：1～3.5：1.
Wherein, predetermined mass ratio described in described step 3S is 1.5：1～3：1.
Wherein, the heating rate of described step 2S and step 5S is 5-20 DEG C/min, and described predetermined temperature is 1400-1550
℃.
Wherein, described predetermined temperature is 1450-1500 DEG C.
Wherein it is characterised in that described flux is one or more of boric acid, anhydrous lithium tetraborate, lithium metaborate.
Wherein it is characterised in that described raw mineral materials is one or more of siliceous raw material, aluminum-containing raw material.
Wherein, described siliceous raw material includes one or more of sandstone, quartz, clay.
Wherein, described aluminum-containing raw material includes one or more of Kaolin, pyrophillite, Anhydrite.
Present invention also offers a kind of method of assessment raw mineral materials is in assessment raw mineral materials high temperature melting complexity
Application.
The method of the assessment raw mineral materials of the present invention, by heating to raw mineral materials, obtains raw mineral materials heated
The relation curve of the hot enthalpy change of journey, percentage by weight and temperature, can obtain the fusion temperature of raw mineral materials accordingly.
First flux is placed in crucible, then is positioned in thermal analyzer body of heater and carries out being warming up to predetermined temperature, cold with stove
But the relation curve of heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of flux can to room temperature, be obtained；Wherein, crucible is corundum crucible,
The body of heater material of thermal analyzer is carborundum, and maximum operation (service) temperature can reach 1550 DEG C, it is possible to provide uniform temperature field, built-in essence
The gentle sensor in close sky, can accurately record the change of heating process object heat content and mass change automatically.
Then again raw mineral materials and flux are placed in crucible with predetermined quality than after mixing homogeneously, then are positioned over heat point
Be warming up to predetermined temperature in analyzer body of heater, cool to room temperature with the furnace, obtain the heat content of mixture of raw mineral materials and flux with
Percentage by weight and the relation curve of temperature.Wherein, raw mineral materials needs to meet actual production granularity requirements, specifically, particle diameter
Granule content more than 0.075mm is less than 0.1%.
Subtract each other function using software curve, by the mixture of raw mineral materials and flux and cosolvent heat content, weight percent
Ratio is poor with temperature curve, obtains the relation curve of heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of raw mineral materials.Heat content curve
One chemical reaction of one peak value representative species, such as fusing, phase transformation etc., accordingly, melting sources temperature and weight can be read
Percentage ratio, the molten state of sample in crucible after observation of steps 5S cooling simultaneously, if remain non-fusant body, in order to assess mineral
The fusing complexity of raw material.
Raw mineral materials is had a great impact for the accuracy of assessment raw mineral materials with the mass ratio of flux.Ratio mistake
Low, raw mineral materials fusion temperature itself is high, in laboratory conditions, is extremely difficult to very high temperature, and waste of resource；Ratio mistake
Height, raw mineral materials relative usage is just few, the credibility of impact result.The present inventor, through test of many times, draws mineral
Raw material is 0.5 with the mass ratio of flux：1～3.5：1, it is further preferred that being 1.5：1～3：1.
For obtaining preferable MI heater analysis curve, the feature according to mineral and instrument performance, step 2S and step 5S
Heating rate be 5-20 DEG C/min, predetermined temperature be 1400-1550 DEG C, it is further preferred that be 1450-1500 DEG C.
The cosolvent adopting in the present invention is one or more of boric acid, anhydrous lithium tetraborate, lithium metaborate, above-mentionedization
Compound heating process stable reaction, its characteristic temperature is no overlapped with the characteristic temperature of institute's assaying.
Present invention raw mineral materials to be assessed is one or more of siliceous raw material, aluminum-containing raw material.Wherein, siliceous former
Material includes one or more of sandstone, quartz, clay；Aluminum-containing raw material includes one of Kaolin, pyrophillite, Anhydrite or many
Kind.Can be more than the mixture of any one in raw material or different material.Wherein, pyrophillite includes low aluminum and contains
Amount pyrophillite and high aluminium content pyrophillite.
Weight change percentage ratio in the present invention and the relation curve of temperature, mainly in order to the relation with reference to heat content and temperature
Curve, to determine the characteristic temperature point of raw material heating process, obtains accurate fusion temperature.
Compared with prior art, the present invention can accurately obtain the fusion temperature of raw mineral materials, is silicate industry life
The formulation of production. art system provides and reasonably instructs foundation, and this method is easily operated, quick and precisely, time saving and energy saving, nontoxic no dirty
Dye.
Brief description
It is incorporated in description and constitutes the accompanying drawing of a part for description and show embodiments of the invention, and with
Description is used for explaining the principle of the present invention together, and in the drawings, similar reference is used for representing similar key element, under
Accompanying drawing in the description of face is some embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, comes for those of ordinary skill in the art
Say, on the premise of not paying creative work, other accompanying drawings can be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of the method for the assessment raw mineral materials according to the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the relation curve of the change of raw material heating process heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of the embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 3 is the relation curve of the change of raw material heating process heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 4 is the relation curve of the change of raw material heating process heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of the embodiment of the present invention 3；
Fig. 5 is the relation curve of the change of raw material heating process heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of the embodiment of the present invention 4；
Fig. 6 is the relation curve of the change of raw material heating process heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of the embodiment of the present invention 5；
Fig. 7 is the relation curve of the change of raw material heating process heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of the embodiment of the present invention 6.
Specific embodiment
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage for making the embodiment of the present invention are clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In accompanying drawing, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is clearly and completely described it is clear that described embodiment is
The a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
The every other embodiment being obtained under the premise of not making creative work, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.Need
Illustrate, in the case of not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can mutual combination in any.
The method of the assessment raw mineral materials of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
1S:Take flux in crucible, be placed in thermal analyzer body of heater；
2S:Control thermal analyzer body of heater to be warming up to predetermined temperature, subsequently cool to room temperature with the furnace, generate the heat of flux
The relation curve of enthalpy, percentage by weight and temperature；
3S:Take raw mineral materials and flux, with predetermined quality than mix homogeneously, formation raw mineral materials is mixed with flux
Compound；
4S:The mixture taking step 3S chats raw material and flux, in crucible, is placed in thermal analyzer body of heater；
5S:Control thermal analyzer body of heater to be warming up to described predetermined temperature, subsequently cool to room temperature with the furnace, generate raw mineral materials
Relation curve with the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the mixture of flux；
6S:With the relation curve of step 5S and the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the flux of step 2S gained and ore deposit
Raw material is poor with the relation curve of the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the mixture of flux, to obtain raw mineral materials
Fusion temperature and percentage by weight.Wherein, the heating rate of step 2S and step 5S is 5-20 DEG C/min, and predetermined temperature is
1400-1550 DEG C, it is further preferred that predetermined temperature is 1450-1500 DEG C.
Wherein, raw mineral materials and the mass ratio of flux are 0.5：1～3.5：1, it is further preferred that mass ratio is 1.5：
1～3：1.Raw mineral materials is one or more of siliceous raw material, aluminum-containing raw material, siliceous raw material include sandstone, quartz, in clay
One or more；Aluminum-containing raw material includes one or more of Kaolin, pyrophillite, Anhydrite.Flux be boric acid, anhydrous four
One or more of Lithium biborate, lithium metaborate
The specific embodiment of assessment raw mineral materials method is listed below：
Embodiment 1
5-10mg boric acid is put in crucible, crucible is put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer by room temperature with 5 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 1500 DEG C, subsequently cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature relation
Curve.
By silica flour：Boric acid=2:1 quality, than mix homogeneously, takes 10-15mg sample to be placed in crucible (such as corundum earthenware
Crucible) in, crucible is put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer rises to 1500 DEG C by room temperature with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, with
Stove is cooled to room temperature.Obtain the relation curve of heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of silica flour and boric acid, using software curve phase
Subtract function, it is poor with boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature curve, obtain heat content, the weight percent of silica flour
The relation curve with temperature for the ratio, as shown in Fig. 2 a chemical reaction of heat content curve peak value representative species, such as fusing,
Phase transformation etc., accordingly, can read melting sources temperature and be 1470.8 DEG C.Crucible after cooling is taken out from heat analysis body of heater,
The unfused material of noresidue in crucible can substantially be found.
Embodiment 2
5-10mg boric acid is put in crucible, crucible is put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer by room temperature with 10 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 1500 DEG C, subsequently cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature relation
Curve.
By low-aluminum-content pyrophillite：Boric acid=2:1 quality, than mix homogeneously, takes 10-15mg sample to be placed in crucible, puts
Enter in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer is rising to 1500 DEG C by room temperature with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, cools to room with the furnace
Temperature.Obtain the relation curve of heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of low-aluminum-content pyrophillite and boric acid, subtracted each other using software curve
Function, it is poor with boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature curve, obtain heat content, the weight of low-aluminum-content pyrophillite
Amount percentage ratio and the relation curve of temperature, as shown in figure 3, melting sources temperature can be read be 1472.8 DEG C.After cooling
Crucible takes out from heat analysis body of heater, can substantially find the unfused material of noresidue in crucible.
Embodiment 3
5-10mg boric acid is put in crucible, crucible is put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer by room temperature with 15 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 1500 DEG C, subsequently cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature relation
Curve.
By high aluminium content pyrophillite：Boric acid=2:1 quality, than mix homogeneously, takes 10-15mg sample to be placed in corundum crucible
In, put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer is rising to 1500 DEG C by room temperature with the heating rate of 15 DEG C/min, furnace cooling
To room temperature.Obtain the relation curve of heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of high aluminium content pyrophillite and boric acid, using software curve
Subtract each other function, it is poor with boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature curve, obtain the heat of high aluminium content pyrophillite
The relation curve of enthalpy, percentage by weight and temperature, as shown in figure 4, melting sources temperature can be read be 1477.5 DEG C.To cool down
Crucible afterwards takes out from heat analysis body of heater, can substantially find still to have unfused material on a small quantity in crucible.
Embodiment 4
5-10mg boric acid is put in crucible, crucible is put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer by room temperature with 20 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 1500 DEG C, subsequently cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature relation
Curve.
By Kaolin：Boric acid=2:1 quality, than mix homogeneously, takes 10-15mg sample to be placed in corundum crucible, puts into heat
In analyser body of heater.Thermal analyzer is rising to 1500 DEG C by room temperature with the heating rate of 20 DEG C/min, cools to room temperature with the furnace.?
To the relation curve of the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of Kaolin and boric acid, subtract each other function using software curve, by itself and boron
Acid heat enthalpy, percentage by weight and temperature curve are poor, and the relation obtaining kaolinic heat content, percentage by weight and temperature is bent
Line, as shown in figure 5, no melt characteristic temperature point.Illustrate that Kaolin is not easy to melt, by the crucible after cooling from heat analysis body of heater
Middle taking-up, can substantially find to go back the unfused raw material of residual fraction in crucible.
Embodiment 5
5-10mg boric acid is put in crucible, crucible is put in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer by room temperature with 10 DEG C/
The heating rate of min rises to 1550 DEG C, subsequently cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain boric acid heat content, percentage by weight and temperature relation
Curve.
By Kaolin：Boric acid=1:1 quality, than mix homogeneously, takes 10-15mg sample to be placed in corundum crucible, puts into heat
In analyser body of heater.Thermal analyzer is rising to 1550 DEG C by room temperature with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, cools to room temperature with the furnace.?
To the relation curve of the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of Kaolin and boric acid, subtract each other function using software curve, by itself and boron
Acid heat enthalpy, percentage by weight and temperature curve are poor, and the relation obtaining kaolinic heat content, percentage by weight and temperature is bent
Line, as shown in fig. 6, melting sources temperature can be read be 1460.8 DEG C.Illustrate Kaolin in this raw mineral materials flux quality
Than under can melt.Crucible after cooling is taken out from heat analysis body of heater, can substantially find that in crucible, noresidue is unfused
Raw material.
Embodiment 6
The mixture of 5-10mg anhydrous lithium tetraborate and lithium metaborate is put in crucible, crucible is put into thermal analyzer stove
In body.Thermal analyzer rises to 1500 DEG C by room temperature with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min, subsequently cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain anhydrous
The mixture heat content of lithium tetraborate and lithium metaborate, percentage by weight and temperature curve.
By silica flour：Anhydrous lithium tetraborate and mixture=2.5 of lithium metaborate:1 quality, than mix homogeneously, takes 10-
15mg sample is placed in corundum crucible, puts in thermal analyzer body of heater.Thermal analyzer is fast with the intensification of 10 DEG C/min by room temperature
Rate rises to 1500 DEG C, cools to room temperature with the furnace.Obtain heat content, the weight percent of silica flour and anhydrous lithium tetraborate and lithium metaborate
The relation curve with temperature for the ratio, subtracts each other function using software curve, by it with anhydrous lithium tetraborate with lithium metaborate mixture
Heat content, percentage by weight and temperature curve are poor, and the relation obtaining heat content, percentage by weight and the temperature of silica flour is bent
Line, as shown in fig. 7, melting sources temperature can be read be 1470.2 DEG C.Crucible after cooling is taken out from heat analysis body of heater,
The unfused material of noresidue in crucible can substantially be found.
In figure 2 above-Fig. 7, X-axis represents temperature, and Y1 axle represents heat content, and Y2 axle represents percentage by weight；Curve A is heat content
The relation curve being weight percentage with temperature with the relation curve of temperature, curve B.
The method of the assessment raw mineral materials of the present invention, through substantial amounts of experiment, draws the mass ratio of raw mineral materials and flux
For 0.5：1～3.5：1, it is further preferred that being 1.5：1～3：1.Different raw mineral materials and cosolvent are given below in difference
Mass ratio under, test the melting sources temperature data situation that records, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
As can be seen from the above table, in the extraneous mass ratio of mass ratio of raw mineral materials of the present invention and cosolvent, in quality
Than ratio too low or too high in the case of, no fusing characteristic temperature point it is impossible to exactly read raw mineral materials temperature.
To sum up, the fusible method of assessment raw mineral materials of the present invention, the fusing that can evaluate raw mineral materials exactly is difficult
Easily degree, also has the advantage such as quick, simple to operate, nontoxic.
Finally it should be noted that：Herein, term " inclusion ", "comprising" or its any other variant be intended to non-
The comprising of exclusiveness, so that a series of process comprising key elements, method, article or equipment not only include those key elements,
But also include other key elements being not expressly set out, or also include being consolidated by this process, method, article or equipment
Some key elements.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element being limited by sentence " including ... " is it is not excluded that including institute
Also there is other identical element in process, method, article or the equipment of stating key element.
Above example only in order to technical scheme to be described, is not intended to limit.Although with reference to the foregoing embodiments
The present invention has been described in detail, it will be understood by those within the art that：It still can be to aforementioned each enforcement
Technical scheme described in example is modified, or carries out equivalent to wherein some technical characteristics；And these modification or
Replace, do not make the essence of appropriate technical solution depart from the spirit and scope of various embodiments of the present invention technical scheme.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of assessment raw mineral materials is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1S:Take flux in crucible, be placed in thermal analyzer body of heater；
2S:Control thermal analyzer body of heater to be warming up to predetermined temperature, subsequently cool to room temperature with the furnace, generate heat content, the weight of flux
Amount percentage ratio and the relation curve of temperature；
3S:Take raw mineral materials and flux, with predetermined quality than mix homogeneously, form the mixing of raw mineral materials and flux
Thing；
4S:The mixture taking step 3S chats raw material and flux, in crucible, is placed in thermal analyzer body of heater；
5S:Control thermal analyzer body of heater to be warming up to described predetermined temperature, subsequently cool to room temperature with the furnace, generate raw mineral materials and help
The relation curve of the heat content of the mixture of flux, percentage by weight and temperature；
6S:Former with the relation curve of the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the flux of step 2S gained and mineral with step 5S
Material is poor with the relation curve of the heat content, percentage by weight and temperature of the mixture of flux, the fusing to obtain raw mineral materials
Temperature and percentage by weight.
2. the method for assessment raw mineral materials as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that matter predetermined described in described step 3S
Amount ratio is 0.5：1～3.5：1.
3. the method for assessment raw mineral materials as claimed in claim 2 is it is characterised in that matter predetermined described in described step 3S
Amount ratio is 1.5：1～3：1.
4. the method for assessment raw mineral materials as claimed in claim 1 is it is characterised in that the intensification of described step 2S and step 5S
Speed is 5-20 DEG C/min, and described predetermined temperature is 1400-1550 DEG C.
5. the method for assessment raw mineral materials as claimed in claim 4 is it is characterised in that described predetermined temperature is 1450-1500
℃.
6. the method for the assessment raw mineral materials as any one of claim 1-3 is it is characterised in that described flux is boron
One or more of acid, anhydrous lithium tetraborate, lithium metaborate.
7. the method for the assessment raw mineral materials as any one of claim 1-3 is it is characterised in that described raw mineral materials is
One or more of siliceous raw material, aluminum-containing raw material.
8. the method for assessment raw mineral materials as claimed in claim 7 is it is characterised in that described siliceous raw material includes sandstone, stone
One or more of English, clay.
9. as claimed in claim 7 assessment raw mineral materials method it is characterised in that described aluminum-containing raw material include Kaolin,
One or more of pyrophillite, Anhydrite.
10. a kind of method of assessment raw mineral materials as claimed in any one of claims 1-9 wherein is in assessment raw mineral materials high temperature melting
Change the application in complexity.
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| CN108562380A (en) * | 2018-04-15 | 2018-09-21 | 重庆大学 | A kind of powder exothermic mixture heating power test method |
| WO2022121194A1 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-16 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for determining free radicals in high-temperature oxide melt |
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| 尚琳琳 等: "利用TG/DSC方法研究麦秆灰以及麦秆灰与石英混合物的高温熔融特性", 《太阳能学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108562380A (en) * | 2018-04-15 | 2018-09-21 | 重庆大学 | A kind of powder exothermic mixture heating power test method |
| WO2022121194A1 (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2022-06-16 | 武汉科技大学 | Method for determining free radicals in high-temperature oxide melt |
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| CN106383062B (en) | 2019-06-18 |
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