CN106374753A - Power conversion system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Power conversion system and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106374753A
CN106374753A CN201611037146.9A CN201611037146A CN106374753A CN 106374753 A CN106374753 A CN 106374753A CN 201611037146 A CN201611037146 A CN 201611037146A CN 106374753 A CN106374753 A CN 106374753A
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voltage
current
resistor
sampling
conversion system
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CN106374753B (en
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孙志强
吕华伟
杨彭林
黄晓敏
林元
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On Bright Electronics Shanghai Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Provided are a power conversion system and a control method thereof. The power conversion system comprises a transformer, a switching tube, and a controller. The controller is configured to adjust the resistance of a first resistor based on the mutual voltage of the output voltage at the secondary side of a transformer, use the first resistor and a second resistor to divide the feedback voltage of the output voltage to generate a feedback division voltage, compare the feedback division voltage with a current sensing voltage representing the input current flowing through the primary side of the transformer to generate an off control signal, and make the switching tube switched off based on the off control signal. According to the power conversion system and the control method thereof provided by the embodiments of the invention, the system can achieve optimal efficiency at different output voltages based on the gain of a mutual voltage regulation system.

Description

Power conversion system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of circuits, in particular to a power supply conversion system and a control method thereof.
Background
With the proposal of the Type-C PD protocol and various fast charging protocols, charging of dozens of different devices through one power conversion system becomes possible. There may be a voltage difference of up to tens of volts between the charging voltages required by different devices and a power difference of up to tens of watts between the charging powers required by different devices. The traditional flyback power conversion system is a fixed gain system, so that the charging efficiency of the flyback power conversion system on some equipment is very high, and the charging efficiency of the flyback power conversion system on other equipment is very low, so that the energy consumption of the system is very high, the efficiency optimization cannot be realized, and the new energy standard on the current market cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of one or more of the above-described problems, the present invention provides a novel power conversion system and a control method thereof.
The power conversion system comprises a transformer, a switching tube and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to: adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the mutual induction voltage of the output voltage at the secondary side of the transformer; dividing the feedback voltage of the output voltage by using a first resistor and a second resistor to generate feedback divided voltage; comparing the feedback divided voltage with a current sensing voltage representing the input current flowing through the primary side of the transformer to generate a turn-off control signal; and controlling the switch tube to be switched off based on the switch-off control signal.
According to the control method of the power conversion system provided by the embodiment of the invention, the power conversion system comprises the transformer and the switching tube, and the control method comprises the following steps: adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the mutual induction voltage of the output voltage at the secondary side of the transformer; dividing the feedback voltage of the output voltage by using a first resistor and a second resistor to generate feedback divided voltage; comparing the feedback divided voltage with a current sensing voltage representing the input current flowing through the primary side of the transformer to generate a turn-off control signal; and controlling the switch tube to be switched off based on the switch-off control signal.
According to the power conversion system and the control method thereof, the gain of the system is adjusted based on the mutual-inductance voltage, so that the system efficiency can be optimal when the output voltages are different in grade.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like or similar reference characters refer to the same or similar parts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a conventional flyback power conversion system;
fig. 2 shows the output voltage versus system frequency for the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 with the output voltage fully loaded;
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of the operation of a power conversion system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary circuit diagram of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network and the detection unit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 illustrates another exemplary circuit diagram of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network and the detection unit shown in FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the system gain of the power conversion system of FIG. 3 and the sampled current obtained by current sampling the sensed current of the mutual inductance voltage;
fig. 7 shows a relationship between a system gain of the power conversion system shown in fig. 3 and a sampled voltage obtained by dividing a sensed voltage of the mutual induction voltage by resistors.
Detailed Description
Features and exemplary embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to provide a better understanding of the present invention by illustrating examples of the present invention. The present invention is in no way limited to any specific configuration and algorithm set forth below, but rather covers any modification, replacement or improvement of elements, components or algorithms without departing from the spirit of the invention. In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
Furthermore, the described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In the following description, numerous specific details are provided to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention may be practiced without one or more of the specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, and so forth. In other instances, well-known structures, materials, or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation principle of a conventional flyback power conversion system. As shown in fig. 1, the flyback power conversion system includes a rectifier, a transformer T1, a switching tube Q1, a current sensing resistor Rs, an error amplifier, an optocoupler, and a controller, wherein: rectifier pair AC input voltage VACPerforming rectification to generate a rectified input voltage Vin (hereinafter, simply referred to as an input voltage Vin); the transformer T1 converts the input voltage Vin at its primary side into the output voltage Vout at its secondary side, and supplies the output voltage Vout to the devices 1 to n; the transformer T1, the switch tube Q1 and the current sensing resistor Rs generate an input current I based on the input voltage VinL(ii) a Input current ILGenerating a current sense voltage V across a current sense resistor RsCSThe current sensing voltage VCSIs provided to the controller; error amplifier and optocoupler generating feedback voltage V based on output voltage VoutFBAnd will feed back the voltage VFBTo the controller; controller based on feedback voltage VFBAnd a current sensing voltage VCSAnd controlling the on and off of the switching tube Q1.
In the controller shown in fig. 1, diode D1 feeds back voltage VFBConverting the feedback characteristic voltage fbd and providing the feedback characteristic voltage fbd to the oscillator; the resistors Rdivd1 and Rdivd2 divide the feedback characterization voltage fbd to generate a feedback divided voltage fb _ div, and provide the feedback divided voltage fb _ div to a non-inverting input end of the comparator; current sensing voltage VCSIs supplied to the negative phase input of the comparator; the oscillator generates a turn-on control signal clk based on the feedback characterization voltage fbd and provides the turn-on control signal clk to the core logic unit; the comparator is based on feedback voltage fb _ div and current sensing voltage VCSGenerating an off control signal off and providing the off control signal off to the core logic unit; the core logic unit generates a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) signal, i.e., a driving signal, for driving the switching tube Q1 to turn on and off based on the on control signal clk and the off control signal off.
The system gain K1 and the system frequency Fsw of the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 are respectively obtained by the following equations:
ΔV F B ΔV C S = R d i v d 1 + R d i v i d 2 R d i v i d 2 = K 1
F s w = 2 * V o u t * I o u t * Rs 2 Vcs 2 * L m
wherein,iout is the output current of the secondary side of the transformer T1, Ton is the duration of the on state of the switching tube Q1, and Lm is the inductance of the transformer T1.
Fig. 2 shows the output voltage versus system frequency for the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 with the output voltage fully loaded. As shown in fig. 2, in the case that the output voltage of the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 is fully loaded, the higher the output voltage is, the higher the system frequency is, and at this time, the higher the corresponding system efficiency is; the lower the output voltage, the lower the system frequency, and the lower the corresponding system efficiency. Specifically, when the output voltage Vout of the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 is V1, the system frequency is high, and at this time, the corresponding system efficiency is also high; when the output voltage Vout of the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 is V4, since the system gain is the fixed gain K1, assuming that the output current remains unchanged, it can be found that the system frequency at this time is relatively low, and is only a fraction of the output voltage Vout of V1.
In view of the above-described problems, the present invention provides a novel power conversion system and a control method thereof. The power conversion system and the control method thereof according to the embodiment of the invention are described in detail below with reference to fig. 3 to 7.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of a power conversion system according to an embodiment of the present invention. The operating principle of the power conversion system shown in fig. 3 is basically the same as that of the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1, and the main difference with respect to the flyback power conversion system shown in fig. 1 is that: the auxiliary winding of the transformer generates a mutual induction voltage Vaux based on the output voltage Vout; mutual inductance voltage sampling network generates sensing current Iaux or sensing voltage V of mutual inductance voltage based on mutual inductance voltage VauxPRT(ii) a Sensing current Iaux or sensing voltage V of detection unit in controller based on mutual-inductance voltagePRTThe resistance value of the variable resistor Rdvid 1' is adjusted, so that the system gain of the power conversion system is changed.
Specifically, in the power conversion system shown in fig. 3, the secondary winding of the transformer T1 generates a mutual inductance voltage Vaux proportional to the output voltage Vout by mutual inductance coupling with the secondary winding of the transformer T1; mutual inductance voltage sampling network generates sensing current Iaux or sensing voltage V of mutual inductance voltage based on mutual inductance voltage VauxPRT(ii) a The detection unit inside the controller senses the current Iaux or the voltage V through the mutual induction voltagePRT is sampled to generate a sampling current Isample or a sampling voltage Vsample, the sampling current Isample is compared with a plurality of preset current thresholds Ith 1-Ithn (n is an integer larger than 0) or the sampling voltage Vsample is compared with a plurality of preset voltage thresholds Vth 1-Vthn, and the resistance value of a variable resistor Rdvid 1' is adjusted based on the comparison result, so that the power supply conversion system has different system gains K1-Kn under different output voltages.
System gain of the power conversion system shown in FIG. 3Here, the sense current Iaux or the sense voltage V is varied according to the mutual induction voltage due to the resistance value of the resistor RdivdlPRTAnd thus different system gains K1-Kn can be achieved at different output voltages.
Fig. 4 illustrates an exemplary circuit diagram of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network and the detection unit shown in fig. 3. As shown in fig. 4, the mutual inductance voltage sampling network includes a resistor R1, a diode D3, and a thermistor M1, i.e., the mutual inductance voltage sampling network may be implemented in the form of a resistor sampling network composed of a resistor R1, a diode D3, and a thermistor M1, and the sensing current Iaux of the mutual inductance voltage is obtained by resistance sampling the mutual inductance voltage Vaux; the detection unit comprises a current sampling unit, a data selector and n current comparators. In this case, the current sampling unit generates a sampling current Isample by sampling a sensing current Iaux of the mutual inductance voltage, the n current comparators compare the sampling current Isample with a plurality of preset current thresholds Ith1 to Ithn, and the data selector adjusts the resistance value of the variable resistor Rdvid 1' based on the comparison results of the n current comparators.
In the case of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network shown in fig. 4, the sensed current Iaux of the mutual inductance voltage can be calculated by equation 1:
where Naux is the number of turns in the secondary winding of transformer T1 and Ns is the number of turns in the secondary winding of transformer T1.
In addition to the implementation of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network shown in fig. 4, the mutual inductance voltage sampling network may also be implemented in the form shown in fig. 5. Fig. 5 illustrates another exemplary circuit diagram of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network and the detection unit shown in fig. 3. As shown in FIG. 5, the mutual inductance voltage sampling network includes a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, i.e., the mutual inductance voltage sampling network may be implemented in the form of a resistor voltage dividing network composed of a resistor R1 and a resistor R2, a sensing voltage V of the mutual inductance voltagePRTIs obtained by dividing the mutual inductance voltage Vaux; the detection unit comprises a voltage sampling unit, a data selector and n voltage comparators. In this case, the voltage sampling unit senses the voltage V through the mutual induction voltagePRTThe sampling is carried out to generate a sampling voltage Vsample, the n voltage comparators compare the sampling voltage Vsample with a plurality of preset voltage thresholds Vth 1-Vthn, and the data selector adjusts the resistance value of the variable resistor Rdvid 1' based on the comparison result of the n voltage comparators.
In the case of the mutual inductance voltage sampling network shown in FIG. 5, the sensing voltage V of the mutual inductance voltagePRTIt can be calculated by equation 2:
as can be seen from equations 1 and 2, the sensing current Iaux and the sensing voltage V of the mutual induction voltagePRTAre all proportional to the output voltage Vout and therefore all can be characterized.
Fig. 6 shows a relationship between a system gain of the power conversion system shown in fig. 3 and a sampled current obtained by current sampling a sense current of a mutual inductance voltage. As shown in fig. 6, when the detection unit detects Isample < Ith1, the gain of Δ FB/Δ CS is made K1 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; when the detection unit detects that Ith2 > Isample > Ith1, the gain of delta FB/delta CS is K2 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; when the detection unit detects that Ith3 > Isample > Ith2, the gain of delta FB/delta CS is K3 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; when the detection unit detects that Ith4 is larger than Isampe is larger than Ith3, the system gain is K4 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; by analogy, when the detection unit detects Isampe > Ithn, the gain of Δ FB/Δ CS is made Kn by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'.
Fig. 7 shows a relationship between a system gain of the power conversion system shown in fig. 3 and a sampled voltage obtained by dividing a sensed voltage of the mutual induction voltage by resistors. As shown in fig. 7, when the detection unit detects Vsample < Vth1, the gain of Δ FB/Δ CS is made K1 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; when the detection unit detects that Vth2 is larger than Vsample is larger than Vth1, the gain of delta FB/delta CS is K2 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; when the detection unit detects that Vth3 is larger than Vsample is larger than Vth2, the gain of delta FB/delta CS is K3 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; when the detection unit detects that Vth4 is larger than Vsample is larger than Vth3, the system gain is K4 by adjusting the resistance value of Rdivd 1'; by analogy, when the detection unit detects that Vsample > Vthn, the gain of Δ FB/Δ CS is Kn by adjusting the resistance of Rdivd 1'.
The power conversion system described in connection with fig. 3 to 7 is based on a sense current Iaux or a sense voltage V characterizing a mutual induction voltage of an output voltage VoutPRTThe gain of the system is adjusted, so that the system efficiency can be optimal when the output voltages of different levels are output, the system frequency consistency is good, and the whole system can meet the international standard of high energy efficiency of the switching power supply system no matter in high-voltage high-power or low-voltage low-power application. Compared with the conventional flyback power conversion system described with reference to fig. 1 to fig. 2, the power conversion system according to the embodiment of the present invention can greatly improve the system efficiency, reduce the system cost, and increase the system application range.
It should be noted that the power conversion system according to the embodiment of the present invention is not only applicable to the current mainstream fast charging system, but also applicable to a switching power supply system with a non-fast charging protocol and multi-level voltage output.
The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. For example, the algorithms described in the specific embodiments may be modified without departing from the basic spirit of the invention. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.

Claims (10)

1. A power conversion system comprising a transformer, a switching tube, and a controller, wherein the controller is configured to:
adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the mutual induction voltage of the output voltage at the secondary side of the transformer;
dividing the feedback voltage of the output voltage by using the first resistor and the second resistor to generate feedback divided voltage;
comparing the feedback divided voltage with a current sensing voltage representing the input current flowing through the primary side of the transformer to generate a turn-off control signal; and
and controlling the switch tube to be switched off based on the switch-off control signal.
2. The power conversion system of claim 1, wherein the controller is further configured to generate a conduction control signal based on the feedback voltage and to control conduction of the switching tube based on the conduction control signal.
3. The power conversion system of claim 1, wherein the controller comprises a detection unit generating a sampled current by sampling a sensed current of the mutual inductance voltage obtained by resistance sampling the mutual inductance voltage, comparing the sampled current with one or more preset current thresholds, and adjusting the resistance of the first resistor based on the comparison result.
4. The power conversion system of claim 3, wherein the detection unit comprises:
a current sampling unit configured to sample a sensing current of the mutual inductance voltage, generating the sampling current;
a plurality of current comparators each configured to compare the sampled current to a respective current threshold; and
a data selector configured to adjust a resistance value of the first resistor based on a comparison result of the plurality of current comparators.
5. The power conversion system according to claim 1, wherein the controller includes a detection unit generating a sampling voltage by sampling a sensing voltage of the mutual inductance voltage, which is obtained by dividing the mutual inductance voltage, comparing the sampling voltage with one or more preset voltage thresholds, and adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the comparison result.
6. The voltage conversion system of claim 5, wherein the controller comprises:
a voltage sampling unit configured to sample a sensing voltage of the mutual induction voltage, generating the sampled voltage;
a plurality of voltage comparators each configured to compare the sampled voltage to a respective voltage threshold; and
a data selector configured to adjust a resistance value of the first resistor based on a comparison result of the plurality of voltage comparators.
7. A control method of a power conversion system, the power conversion system comprises a transformer and a switch tube, and the control method comprises the following steps:
adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the mutual induction voltage of the output voltage at the secondary side of the transformer;
dividing the feedback voltage of the output voltage by using the first resistor and the second resistor to generate feedback divided voltage;
comparing the feedback divided voltage with a current sensing voltage representing the input current flowing through the primary side of the transformer to generate a turn-off control signal; and
and controlling the switch tube to be switched off based on the switch-off control signal.
8. The control method according to claim 7, further comprising:
generating a turn-on control signal based on the feedback voltage; and
and controlling the conduction of the switch tube based on the conduction control signal.
9. The control method according to claim 7, wherein the process of adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor includes:
generating a sampling current by sampling a sensing current of the mutual inductance voltage, wherein the sensing current of the mutual inductance voltage is obtained by resistance sampling of the mutual inductance voltage;
comparing the sampled current to one or more preset current thresholds; and
adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the comparison result.
10. The control method according to claim 7, wherein the process of adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor includes:
generating a sampling voltage by sampling a sensing voltage of the mutual inductance voltage, wherein the sensing voltage of the mutual inductance voltage is obtained by dividing the mutual inductance voltage;
comparing the sampled voltage to one or more preset voltage thresholds; and
adjusting the resistance value of the first resistor based on the comparison result.
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CN113794377A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-12-14 深圳市创芯微微电子有限公司 Power frequency modulation circuit, switching power supply and electronic equipment

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