CN106368749B - Method for cutting off water side of low-pressure heater to participate in primary frequency modulation loading of unit - Google Patents
Method for cutting off water side of low-pressure heater to participate in primary frequency modulation loading of unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN106368749B CN106368749B CN201610824253.XA CN201610824253A CN106368749B CN 106368749 B CN106368749 B CN 106368749B CN 201610824253 A CN201610824253 A CN 201610824253A CN 106368749 B CN106368749 B CN 106368749B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/345—Control or safety-means particular thereto
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
- F22D1/32—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters arranged to be heated by steam, e.g. bled from turbines
- F22D1/325—Schematic arrangements or control devices therefor
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for cutting off the participation of the water side of a low-pressure heater in the primary frequency modulation loading of a unit. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize economic operation and meet the requirement of primary frequency modulation, has great significance to a plurality of throttling steam distribution units and further promotes the energy conservation and emission reduction of thermal power generating units.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automatic control of thermal power generating units, is mainly suitable for a steam turbine unit with full-circle throttling steam distribution, and particularly relates to a method for cutting off participation of a water side of a low-pressure heater in primary frequency modulation loading of the unit.
Background
Because the electric energy is difficult to store in a large scale, the power grid needs to keep balance between power utilization and power generation all the time, and the power grid frequency is an important index for reflecting the condition. When the power load is greater than the power generation load, the frequency of the power grid is reduced; conversely, when the power generation load is greater than the power load, the grid frequency will increase. The primary frequency modulation means that the unit directly receives a deviation signal of the power grid frequency, and the aim of stabilizing the power grid frequency is achieved by changing the actual load of the unit, namely when the power grid frequency is reduced to exceed a certain dead zone, the load of the unit is increased, so that the power grid frequency is increased; when the frequency of the power grid rises to exceed a dead zone, the load of the unit is reduced, so that the frequency of the power grid is reduced. The generator set in grid-connected operation generally requires a primary frequency modulation function, and can rapidly adjust the load of the generator set according to the change of the power grid frequency within a certain amplitude range and according to a certain unequal rate.
A large proportion of domestic supercritical (ultra) steam turbine generator units adopt a full-cycle steam admission throttling steam distribution mode, and the throttling steam distribution mode can improve the operation efficiency of the generator units under the rated working condition compared with the regulating-level nozzle steam distribution mode, so that the proportion of the throttling steam distribution unit in a large-capacity thermal power generator unit is increased continuously in future. The most economical way of operating such units is for the high pressure governor to operate with full opening sliding pressure. However, as the adjusting door is opened fully, the means that the adjusting door is continuously opened to increase the load of the unit rapidly is lost, and how to meet the performance requirement of power grid dispatching on the primary frequency modulation of the unit is a great problem. Particularly, under the background of the current extra-high voltage power grid and large-scale direct current transmission, once the power supply load of a power receiving end is lost due to the fault of a power transmission line, the frequency of the power grid is rapidly reduced, and the load of a local unit is required to be rapidly increased to realize the primary frequency modulation function, so that a large contradiction exists between the economic operation mode and the primary frequency modulation capability of the throttling steam distribution units.
In order to meet the performance requirement of primary frequency modulation, many domestic units have to close a high-pressure regulating valve, and the throttling operation mode of the regulating valve is adopted, so that the greater economy is sacrificed, and especially under the condition of low load, the throttling loss of the regulating valve is greater.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for cutting off the participation of the water side of a low-pressure heater in the primary frequency modulation loading of a unit.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cutting off the participation of the water side of a low-pressure heater in the primary frequency modulation loading of a unit keeps the economic operation mode of fully opening a high-pressure regulating valve, and when the frequency of a power grid is reduced to a set threshold value, a water inlet valve of the low-pressure heater is closed, namely, the low-pressure heater is cut off from the water side, the energy storage of steam extraction of the low-pressure heater is released, and the function of primary frequency modulation rapid loading is realized.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the unit operates according to a high-pressure regulating valve full-open sliding pressure mode, and the low-pressure heater is normally put into operation;
2) when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to a set threshold value, triggering a command of closing a water inlet throttle of the water side of the low-pressure heater;
3) simultaneously closing a steam side steam inlet valve and a check valve of the low-pressure heater and opening a water side bypass valve of the low-pressure heater;
4) correspondingly increasing a main control instruction of the boiler, increasing coal burning, water supply and air quantity of the boiler, and increasing the output of the boiler;
5) after the water inlet regulating valve of the low-pressure heater is closed, the flow of condensed water of the low-pressure heater is rapidly reduced, so that the steam extraction amount of the low-pressure heater is spontaneously reduced, the working steam amount of a low-pressure cylinder is increased, the load of a unit is rapidly increased, and the function of primary frequency modulation and load addition is realized;
6) and after the frequency of the power grid is recovered, the water inlet regulating valve automatically recovers to the original state to participate in the water level regulation of the hot well and the deaerator.
In order to ensure the minimum flow of the condensate pump, a condensate pump recirculation regulating valve is opened at the same time of triggering a command of closing a water inlet regulating valve at the water side of the low-pressure heater.
Because the water inlet adjusting doors of the low-pressure heater have different opening degrees, the opening degree of the adjusting doors is determined according to the degree of the frequency reduction of the power grid. When the frequency of the power grid is reduced to exceed a set value, the adjusting door is completely closed, and the low-voltage heater is completely cut off; and when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to be not more than a set value, closing the regulating door to a set position, and realizing the partial cutting of the low-pressure heater.
For the steam turbine set of sequence valve steam distribution, the method is adopted, when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to a set threshold value, the function of cutting off the water side of the low-pressure heater is triggered to participate in primary frequency modulation, and the method can be used as a supplement of the original primary frequency modulation function.
Compared with the prior art, the method can keep the economic operation mode of fully opening the high-pressure regulating valve, and the low-pressure heater is cut off from the water side by closing the water inlet valve of the low-pressure heater when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to a certain degree, so that the energy storage of steam extraction of the low-pressure heater is released, and the function of rapidly loading through primary frequency modulation is realized. Therefore, economic operation can be realized, the requirement of primary frequency modulation can be met, the method is significant for a large number of throttling steam distribution units, and energy conservation and emission reduction of thermal power generating units are further promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low pressure heater regenerative and condensate system.
FIG. 2 is a load response curve when the low pressure heater inlet damper is closed quickly.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
For a steam turbine set with full-cycle steam admission throttling and steam distribution, the most economical operation mode is full-opening sliding pressure operation of a high-pressure regulating valve, but the capacity of quickly loading the high-pressure regulating valve is lost. When the power grid frequency is reduced and the output of the unit needs to be rapidly increased, only other modes can be considered. The low-pressure heater belongs to a heat return system of the thermal cycle of the steam turbine, and partial steam is pumped out from the middle and low-pressure cylinders to heat condensed water, so that the loss of a cold source is reduced, and the thermal cycle efficiency is improved. When primary frequency modulation is needed for loading, the steam extraction energy storage of the low-pressure heater regenerative system can be utilized, and the water side regulating valve of the low-pressure heater is closed, so that the steam extraction amount entering the low-pressure heater is reduced spontaneously, the original steam extraction from the low-pressure heater returns to the cylinder to continue acting, and the unit load can be increased rapidly. Certainly, the machine set circulation efficiency can also be influenced by cutting off the low-pressure heater regenerative system, but the opportunity that the low-pressure heater needs to be cut off in primary frequency modulation action is few, the low-pressure heater does not need to be cut off under general conditions, and the high-pressure regulating valve can always maintain full-open sliding pressure operation, so that the machine set operation economy can be obviously improved. A schematic diagram of a low pressure heater regenerative and condensate system is shown in fig. 1.
Normally, the unit is configured with three high pressure heaters, one deaerator and 4 low pressure heaters, which are numbered #5, #6, #7 and #8 according to thermodynamic parameters from high to low. The condensed water is boosted from the hot well through a condensed water pump, passes through a low-pressure heater water inlet regulating valve, flows through 4 low-pressure heaters, and then enters a deaerator after the temperature of the condensed water is increased. The flow of condensed water is controlled by adjusting the water inlet regulating valve so as to maintain a certain water level of the hot well and the deaerator.
The specific implementation steps for cutting off the water side of the low-pressure heater to realize primary frequency modulation loading are as follows:
the unit operates according to a high-pressure regulating valve full-open sliding pressure mode, and the low-pressure heater is normally put into operation;
when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to exceed a certain degree, triggering a command of closing a water inlet throttle at the water side of the low-pressure heater;
in order to ensure the minimum flow of the condensate pump, a condensate pump recirculation adjusting valve is opened at the same time;
simultaneously closing a steam side steam inlet valve and a check valve of the low-pressure heater and opening a water side bypass valve of the low-pressure heater;
correspondingly increasing a main control instruction of the boiler, increasing coal burning, water supply and air quantity of the boiler, and increasing the output of the boiler;
after the water inlet regulating valve of the low-pressure heater is closed, the flow of condensed water of the low-pressure heater is rapidly reduced, so that the steam extraction amount of the low-pressure heater is spontaneously reduced, the working steam amount of a low-pressure cylinder is increased, the load of a unit is rapidly increased, and the function of primary frequency modulation and load addition is realized;
and after the frequency of the power grid is recovered, the water inlet regulating valve automatically recovers to the original state to participate in the water level regulation of the hot well and the deaerator.
In practical application, the water inlet adjusting door of the low-pressure heater can have different opening degrees, so that the opening degree of the adjusting door can be reasonably determined according to the reduction degree of the frequency of the power grid. When the frequency of the power grid is reduced a lot, the adjusting door is closed completely, the low-voltage heater is completely cut off, and when the frequency of the power grid is not reduced a lot, the adjusting door is closed to a proper position, and partial cutting off of the low-voltage heater is realized.
In addition, as a supplement to the original primary frequency modulation capacity, the method can also be adopted for the steam turbine set of the sequence valve steam distribution, and when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to a certain degree, the function of cutting off the water side of the low-pressure heater is triggered to participate in primary frequency modulation.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION
For a certain 1000MW ultra-supercritical steam turbine set, an economic mode of full-open sliding pressure operation of a high-pressure regulating valve is adopted at ordinary times, and the steam extraction energy storage of a low-pressure heater can be calculated according to a thermal equilibrium diagram of the steam extraction energy storage, and the details are shown in the following table 1.
Theoretical calculation amount for increasing load of low-pressure heater of table 11000 MW unit
As can be seen from Table 1, at the rated load of the unit, the output of the unit can be theoretically increased by 53.5MW by all the low-pressure heaters on the steam side, and at the load of 500MW, the output of the unit can be increased by 20.3 MW.
The method comprises the following specific steps of cutting off the water side of the low-pressure heater to participate in primary frequency modulation loading:
when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to exceed a certain degree, the logic automatically judges a large frequency difference signal and sends an instruction for cutting off the water side of the low-pressure heater;
the instruction is sent to a water inlet adjusting valve at the water side of the low-pressure heater, and the adjusting valve is quickly closed;
meanwhile, the instruction is also sent to a condensate pump recirculation regulating valve, and the recirculation regulating valve is opened to ensure the minimum flow of the condensate pump so as to prevent the condensate pump from tripping at low flow;
simultaneously closing a steam side steam inlet valve of the low-pressure heater and opening a water side bypass valve of the low-pressure heater;
meanwhile, an instruction is sent to the main control of the boiler, the water supply, the coal burning and the air supply volume of the boiler are correspondingly increased, and the output of the boiler is increased to make up for the energy storage and utilization of a unit;
after the condensed water amount of the low-pressure heater is reduced, the steam extraction amount of the low-pressure heater can be automatically reduced, the working steam amount of the low-pressure cylinder is increased, the load of the unit is increased, and the primary frequency modulation and load increasing function is realized;
when the steam side valve of the low-pressure heater is completely closed, the extraction steam of the low-pressure heater is completely cut off;
when the frequency of the power grid is recovered to be normal (generally, several minutes are needed), the water inlet adjusting door of the low-pressure heater is automatically opened, the adjusting door is recovered to participate in the water level adjusting function, and the normal operation mode of the low-pressure heater is recovered.
During practical application, the opening degree of the throttle can be reasonably determined according to the degree of the reduction of the frequency of the power grid, and the low-pressure heater can be completely or partially cut off.
The detailed test condition of the water inlet throttle of the small low-pressure heater participating in primary frequency modulation is shown in fig. 2, when the unit load is 950MW, the opening degree of the water inlet throttle of the low-pressure heater is quickly reduced from 40% to 15%, the flow rate of condensate is quickly reduced from about 1830t/h to about 860t/h, the load is increased by 16MW within 30 seconds, the test lasts for about 5 minutes, and the maximum load is increased by about 33 MW. Of course, the variation of the unit load and the variation of the condensate flow rate are in positive correlation with the current load. If the water inlet regulating valve of the low-pressure heater is completely closed, the unit output can be increased by about 5% under the rated load, and the function of primary frequency modulation and load addition of the unit can be effectively realized.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the invention is not limited thereto, and various equivalent modifications and substitutions can be easily made by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (2)
1. A method for cutting off the participation of the water side of a low-pressure heater in the primary frequency modulation loading of a unit is characterized in that the method keeps the economic operation mode of fully opening a high-pressure regulating valve, and when the frequency of a power grid is reduced to a set threshold value, the low-pressure heater is cut off from the water side by closing a water inlet regulating valve of the low-pressure heater, so that the energy storage of steam extraction of the low-pressure heater is released, and the function of primary frequency modulation rapid loading is realized;
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the unit operates according to a high-pressure regulating valve full-open sliding pressure mode, and the low-pressure heater is normally put into operation;
2) when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to a set threshold value, triggering a command of closing a water inlet throttle of the water side of the low-pressure heater;
3) simultaneously closing a steam side steam inlet valve and a check valve of the low-pressure heater and opening a water side bypass valve of the low-pressure heater;
4) correspondingly increasing a main control instruction of the boiler, increasing coal burning, water supply and air quantity of the boiler, and increasing the output of the boiler;
5) after the water inlet regulating valve of the low-pressure heater is closed, the flow of condensed water of the low-pressure heater is rapidly reduced, so that the steam extraction amount of the low-pressure heater is spontaneously reduced, the working steam amount of a low-pressure cylinder is increased, the load of a unit is rapidly increased, and the function of primary frequency modulation and load addition is realized;
6) after the frequency of the power grid is recovered, the water inlet regulating valve automatically recovers to the original state to participate in the water level regulation of the hot well and the deaerator;
in order to ensure the minimum flow of the condensate pump and prevent the condensate pump from tripping at low flow, a condensate pump recirculation regulating valve is opened while a water inlet regulating valve instruction of a low-pressure heater is triggered to be closed;
for a steam turbine set with sequence valve steam distribution, the method is adopted, when the frequency of a power grid is reduced to a set threshold value, the function of cutting off the water side of a low-pressure heater is triggered to participate in primary frequency modulation, and the function is used as a supplement of the original primary frequency modulation function;
when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to exceed a set value, the water inlet regulating valve is completely closed, and the low-pressure heater is completely cut off; when the frequency of the power grid is reduced to be not more than a set value, the water inlet adjusting door is closed to a set position, and partial cutting of the low-pressure heater is realized;
the low pressure heater belongs to the backheating system of steam turbine thermodynamic cycle, and the part steam is taken out from the middle and low pressure jar and is heated the condensate water, reduces the cold source loss to improve thermodynamic cycle efficiency, when needs primary modulation loading, utilize low pressure heater backheat system's extraction energy storage, close low pressure heater water inlet governing valve, thereby reduce the extraction steam volume that gets into low pressure heater voluntarily, make original extraction steam to low pressure heater get back to the cylinder and continue the acting, thereby increase unit load that can be very fast.
2. The method for cutting off the primary frequency modulation loading of the low-pressure heater water side participating unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein the opening degree of the water inlet adjusting door of the low-pressure heater is determined according to the degree of the frequency reduction of the power grid due to different opening degrees of the water inlet adjusting door of the low-pressure heater.
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| CN108730954B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2024-04-12 | 中国电力工程顾问集团华东电力设计院有限公司 | Primary frequency modulation control system adopting water supply throttling and control method thereof |
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| CN108104888B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2023-09-05 | 赫普能源环境科技股份有限公司 | Power grid frequency modulation system and method based on frequency modulation bypass |
| CN108413378B (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2023-08-25 | 重庆大学 | System for be used for steam turbine and low safe steady operation that adds |
| CN109857033B (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-10-09 | 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 | Condensate throttling switching control method and device and computer equipment |
| CN110645061A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2020-01-03 | 大唐郓城发电有限公司 | Double-machine regenerative system for cutting off low-pressure heater and primary frequency modulation method thereof |
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Address after: 200437, room 9, building 171, 801 Handan Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District Applicant after: Shanghai Minghua Power Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200437, room 9, building 171, 801 Handan Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District Applicant before: Shanghai Minghua Electric Power Technology Engineering Co., Ltd. |
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