CN106363015B - Method for regenerating and eluting cleaning solution for soil heavily polluted by petroleum - Google Patents
Method for regenerating and eluting cleaning solution for soil heavily polluted by petroleum Download PDFInfo
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- CN106363015B CN106363015B CN201510797898.4A CN201510797898A CN106363015B CN 106363015 B CN106363015 B CN 106363015B CN 201510797898 A CN201510797898 A CN 201510797898A CN 106363015 B CN106363015 B CN 106363015B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/02—Extraction using liquids, e.g. washing, leaching, flotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/14—Diatomaceous earth
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/345—Regenerating or reactivating using a particular desorbing compound or mixture
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4806—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
- B01J2220/4812—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a novel method for regenerating and eluting a cleaning solution for soil heavily polluted by petroleum, which realizes the regeneration of the cleaning solution by selectively adsorbing petroleum hydrocarbon in the cleaning solution, and the regenerated cleaning solution retains active components such as anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant, auxiliary agent and the like, thereby recovering the performance of efficiently cleaning the soil heavily polluted by petroleum again. The invention provides a preparation method of a surfactant/diatomite adsorbent and process parameters of a regenerated severe petroleum polluted soil cleaning solution, wherein the process parameters comprise treatment temperature, treatment time, a solid-liquid ratio and a gas-water volume ratio.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of surfactant modified diatomite and a new method for regenerating and eluting a heavy petroleum polluted soil cleaning solution.
Background
China is a large oil producing country, and oil and gas fields and oil and gas reservoirs for exploration and development are numerous and widely distributed. During the exploration, production, transportation and storage of oil, the soil surrounding the field is often heavily contaminated with oil. Severe petroleum pollution can destroy the physicochemical properties of soil, threaten the cleanness of underground water sources and cause harm to crops. Aromatic hydrocarbon substances with high petroleum toxicity can be accumulated in crops and transmitted along a food chain, and finally threatens human health. Petroleum-contaminated soil presents serious environmental problems and wastes a large amount of valuable resources. The remediation process aiming at the soil with severe petroleum pollution is developed, the soil pollution is removed, meanwhile, the petroleum resources are recycled, and good environmental benefits and economic benefits can be generated at the same time. In view of the serious harm of petroleum-polluted soil, a plurality of treatment technologies are developed in succession in various countries of the world, and the treatment technologies are mainly divided into: physical, chemical and biological methods. Among various treatment methods, the Surfactant Enhanced Remediation (SER) technology is widely concerned because the process is simple and feasible, and most of dirty oil can be recovered, and is considered as an effective means for treating the soil with severe petroleum pollution. The method for cleaning the soil heavily polluted by petroleum by using the surfactant is to dissolve the anionic and nonionic surfactants and the auxiliary agents in water to prepare a cleaning solution, and to clean the soil heavily polluted by petroleum under the conditions of heating, stirring and the like. The method has the advantages of simple operation, high cleaning efficiency and the like. However, if the used cleaning solution is directly discarded, a series of cost and environmental problems are caused. This is because the negative and non-mixed surfactants and adjuvants in the cleaning solution can significantly increase the cost of repair if they cannot be recycled; the petroleum remaining in the cleaning solution causes a problem of secondary pollution. Therefore, the method for regenerating the cleaning solution is developed, so that the cleaning solution can be recycled for multiple times, and the method has remarkable economic benefit and environmental benefit. However, until now, there is no targeted research on related technologies.
There are many methods for treating oily wastewater, including adsorption, ultrafiltration, pervaporation, precipitation, solvent extraction, photochemical treatment, and the like. Research has shown that the selective adsorption method is a novel and efficient method for removing petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the cleaning solution. The key to selective adsorption is the selection of the adsorbent. The diatomite in the natural inorganic adsorbent is considered as one of the best adsorbents for removing the petroleum pollutants in the wastewater due to the advantages of strong adsorption capacity, rich sources, low cost and the like, and can selectively adsorb the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the oil-containing wastewater through specific modification treatment, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying and cleaning the cleaning solution for the heavily petroleum-polluted soil; meanwhile, the recycling of the medicinal agents (anionic and nonionic mixed surfactants and auxiliary agents) and water in the cleaning solution can be realized. The method can reduce the repair cost and avoid secondary pollution caused by oily wastewater.
The invention aims to provide surfactant modified diatomite for regenerating a cleaning solution for eluting petroleum-polluted soil by using an anionic-nonionic mixed surfactant.
Disclosure of Invention
The method for regenerating the petroleum hydrocarbon substance polluted soil cleaning solution provided by the invention comprises the following steps: putting a certain amount of polluted soil into a stirring device, adding a certain amount of cleaning agent (containing anionic surfactant, nonionic surfactant and auxiliary agent) and water, and cleaning the polluted soil under stirring and heating conditions. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the soil are transferred to the water phase under the action of the cleaning agent, so that the pollutants in the soil are removed. Then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and carrying out regeneration treatment on the obtained cleaning solution under the adsorption action of the surfactant modified diatomite. The petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in the cleaning solution are transferred to the surface of the adsorbent, so that the purposes of removing the pollutants in the cleaning solution and regenerating the cleaning solution are achieved.
The cleaning solution contains a non-mixed anionic surfactant and an auxiliary agent, and the concentration range of the surfactant in the cleaning solution is 1-10 g/L. The anionic surfactant contained therein may be alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, alkyl benzene sulfonate. Usually Linear sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (LAS). The nonionic surfactant contained therein may be alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether type nonionic surfactant, long-chain fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether type surfactant, fatty acid polyoxyethylene ether type nonionic surfactant, usually octyl phenyl polyoxyethylene ether (Triton X-100, TX-100). The auxiliary agent is one of sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, polymerized sodium silicate and micromolecular alcohol.
The preparation method of the active agent/diatomite adsorbent comprises the following steps:
a. pretreatment of diatomaceous earth
Weighing 3 g to 10g of diatomite, placing the diatomite in a beaker, adding 60 mL to 120 mL of 0.3 mol/L to 6 mol/L sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution, and stirring for 0.5 h to 1.5 h. Filtering the solution, and drying the diatomite at 30-100 ℃. Washing with deionized water at 30-80 ℃ to remove free sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide, and drying the diatomite at 30-100 ℃ for later use.
b. Surfactant modified diatomite
Adding 0.01-1 g of surfactant into water, stirring uniformly, then adding 3-10 g of pretreated diatomite, ultrasonically suspending liquid for 3-10 min, and oscillating the suspending liquid for 60-100 min. Filtration, washing of the diatomaceous earth and drying at 100 ℃. The preparation method of the surfactant modified diatomite is characterized by comprising the following steps: the surfactant is anionic surfactant such as alkyl sulfate, alkyl sulfonate, and alkylbenzene sulfonate; typically sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium petroleum sulfonate, and the like. The surfactant can be nonionic surfactant, such as alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether type nonionic surfactant, long-chain fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether type surfactant, and fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester type nonionic surfactant; typically Tween series surfactants, Brij series surfactants, TX series surfactants, and the like.
The process conditions for regenerating the cleaning solution are as follows:
temperature range: 25-75 ℃, and the optimal temperature range is 25-50 ℃. The temperature rise is not favorable for the adsorption, but the air blowing-off is promoted along with the temperature rise.
The time for regenerating the cleaning solution: the treatment efficiency can be improved by properly increasing the treatment time, but the treatment efficiency is not greatly influenced by prolonging the treatment time after the adsorption and desorption gradually reach the equilibrium. The research determines that the time range of the regenerated cleaning solution is 0.2-1 hour.
The dosage of the surfactant modified diatomite is as follows: the cost benefit factor is comprehensively considered, and the using amount of the adsorbent for cleaning liquid regeneration is 0.1-5 g/L.
Air stripping flow rate: the research determines that the air-water volume ratio of the air flow to the cleaning fluid is 0.1-50.
Examples
The oil content of the petroleum-polluted soil is as follows: 10 to 40 percent. The total concentration of the anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant in the primarily used cleaning agent aqueous solution is 3 g/L, wherein the mass ratio of the anionic surfactant to the nonionic surfactant is 8: 2, the concentration of the assistant (silicate) is 5 g/L. The cleaning conditions were as follows: accurately weighing 3 g of contaminated soil, adding the contaminated soil into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning agent solution, heating in a water bath at 75 ℃, magnetically stirring for 1 hour at 3000 rpm, and centrifuging for 10 minutes. After solid-liquid separation, the resulting cleaning solution is collected for subsequent regeneration treatment.
The regeneration treatment process of the cleaning solution comprises the following steps:
example 1: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TX-100 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, and the load capacity of TX-100 is 3%) adsorbent, adding into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, and regenerating for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring at the air flow rate of 60 mL/min. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 79.3 percent.
Example 2: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TX-100 modified diatomite (pretreated by sulfuric acid and with the load of TX-100 being 3%), adding the weighed mixture into a triangular flask, adding 150 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, wherein the air flow rate is 60 mL/min, and carrying out regeneration treatment for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 62.0 percent.
Example 3: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TX-100 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, TX-100 loading amount of 1%) and adding into a triangular flask, then adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, enabling the air flow rate to be 60 mL/min, and carrying out regeneration treatment for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 67.1 percent.
Example 4: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TX-100 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, the load of TX-100 is 6%), adding into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, allowing the air flow rate to be 60 mL/min, and performing regeneration treatment for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 35 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 66.3 percent.
Example 5: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TX-100 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, TX-100 loading amount is 3%), adding into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, allowing air flow to be 60 mL/min, and performing regeneration treatment for 45 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 30 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 76 percent.
Example 6: accurately weighing 0.5 g of Brij35 modified diatomite (pretreated by sodium hydroxide, and the load of Brij35 is 3%) adsorbent, adding into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off at an air flow rate of 60 mL/min, and performing regeneration treatment for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 77.1 percent.
Example 7: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TW80 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, TW80 loading amount is 5%) adsorbent, adding into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, controlling the air flow rate at 60 mL/min, and regenerating for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 75.5 percent.
Example 8: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TW60 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, TW60 loading amount is 2%) adsorbent, adding into a triangular flask, adding 50 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, controlling the air flow rate at 60 mL/min, and regenerating for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 74.6 percent.
Example 9: accurately weighing 0.5 g of TX-100 modified diatomite (sodium hydroxide pretreatment, LAS loading amount is 3%) adsorbent, adding into a triangular flask, adding 100 mL of the cleaning solution, heating in a water bath at 25 ℃, introducing air to blow off, allowing air flow to be 100 mL/min, and regenerating for 30 minutes under magnetic stirring. The regenerated cleaning solution is used for cleaning the polluted soil with the oil content of 23 percent again, and the removal rate of the total petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil is 74.3 percent.
Claims (2)
1. A method for regenerating and eluting a cleaning solution for heavily petroleum-polluted soil is characterized by firstly preparing a surfactant/diatomite adsorbent, wherein the adsorbent is applied to purification and regeneration of the cleaning solution generated by cleaning the petroleum-polluted soil, and the cleaning solution contains an anionic surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an auxiliary agent and petroleum hydrocarbon; the adsorbent has selective adsorption performance, namely only the petroleum hydrocarbon in the cleaning solution is adsorbed, and the cleaning solution after regeneration treatment can restore the performance of cleaning the soil heavily polluted by petroleum;
the process conditions for regenerating the cleaning solution are as follows: the temperature range is 25-75 ℃, the time range of cleaning solution regeneration is 0.2-1 hour, the dosage of an adsorbent used for cleaning solution regeneration is 0.1-5 g/L, and the ratio of air flow to the air-water volume of the cleaning solution is 0.1-50;
the preparation method of the surfactant/diatomite adsorbent comprises the following steps: firstly, pretreating diatomite by sulfuric acid or sodium hydroxide solution, and then further modifying the pretreated diatomite by using an anionic surfactant and a nonionic surfactant, or further modifying the pretreated diatomite by using the nonionic surfactant only to prepare a surfactant/diatomite adsorbent; the surfactant/diatomite adsorbent has selective adsorption performance, namely only the petroleum hydrocarbon in the cleaning solution is adsorbed, and the anionic surfactant and the nonionic surfactant in the cleaning solution are not adsorbed.
2. The method for regenerating and eluting a soil cleaning solution heavily contaminated with petroleum according to claim 1, wherein the surfactant/diatomite adsorbent contains the following surfactants: 0.5 to 15 percent.
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CN108911447B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2021-08-31 | 中科亿诚(珠海)环保技术有限公司 | Polymer-containing oil sludge compound treatment agent and use method thereof |
CN109261707B (en) * | 2018-11-29 | 2021-01-15 | 西南石油大学 | Green cleaning method for cleaning petroleum-polluted soil |
CN115466623A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-13 | 南开大学 | Tetradecane-polluted soil remediation liquid and tetradecane-polluted soil remediation method |
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