CN106359481A - 家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂 - Google Patents
家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
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- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
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Abstract
本发明提供一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，该杀虫气雾剂的形态为水基型制剂，对人体安全、无毒，使用方便，尤其能够驱避和杀灭苍蝇和蚊子，适用于各类人群使用，对于婴幼儿以及敏感人群无刺激。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，适于通过喷雾形式用于室内及密闭环境的杀虫，其能够缓慢释放杀虫有效成分，持久保持对于蚊、蝇、尘螨等家庭常见致病昆虫的杀灭效用。
背景技术
家用卫生杀虫剂具有悠久的历史，中国在数千年前即有了用各种天然植物、矿物烟熏火燎驱杀蚊虫的记载。经过数千年的演变，现在被广泛用于防治蚊虫方面的主要有蚊香、电驱蚊香、液体蚊香、气雾剂、喷雾剂等。这些杀虫剂的用药结构也几经变迁，随着拟除虫菊酯类药的开发成功及广泛应用，这一类高效、低毒、安全的卫生用药渐代替了对人畜与环境有严重危害的巴沙等药。在这众多驱杀蚊虫的产品中蚊香以其价格低廉、使用方便、历史悠久、驱蚊效果较好等特点倍受广大消费者亲近。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，该杀虫气雾剂的形态为水基型制剂，对人体安全、无毒，使用方便，尤其能够驱避和杀灭苍蝇和蚊子，适用于各类人群使用，对于婴幼儿以及敏感人群无刺激。
本发明的技术方案为：一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱1-5份、次乌头碱2-4份、新乌头碱3-5份、马钱子碱2-6份、米饭花提取物3-6份、秋水仙碱2-4份、喜树碱1-5份、阿托品5-9份、东莨菪碱2-8份、毛果芸香碱10-16份、小叶棘豆提取物2-5份、香茅草精油3-7份、尤加利精油4-9份、高原南星提取物3-7份、高取代羟丙基纤维素16-23份，液体石蜡4-11份。
进一步的，所述家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱2-4份、次乌头碱3-4份、新乌头碱4-5份、马钱子碱3-5份、米饭花提取物4-5份、秋水仙碱3-4份、喜树碱2-4份、阿托品6-8份、东莨菪碱3-6份、毛果芸香碱12-15份、小叶棘豆提取物3-4份、香茅草精油4-6份、尤加利精油5-8份、高原南星提取物4-6份、高取代羟丙基纤维素18-21份，液体石蜡6-9份。
更进一步的，所述家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、米饭花提取物4份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、小叶棘豆提取物3份、香茅草精油5份、尤加利精油7份、高原南星提取物5份、高取代羟丙基纤维素19份，液体石蜡8份。
本发明中，米饭花提取物，小叶棘豆提取物以及高原南星提取物的制备方法如下：
1) 以分别以米饭花、小叶棘豆、高原南星为原料，去杂清洗，切碎后，送入滚揉机进行滚揉处理，滚揉时每隔 3-5 分钟抽真空一次，每次抽完真空后滚揉8-12分钟，然后排真空，如此循环 2-4次；2) 向滚揉后的原料加入适量的水，大火煮5-10分钟转小火熬煮20-30分钟，冷却过滤，收集熬煮液；3) 对熬煮液进行喷雾干燥，然后研磨成粉制得所述提取物。
本发明水基型家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂制作过程是 ：首先将明胶和高取代羟丙基纤维素分别用去离子水制成一定浓度的水溶液备用；将配方量的乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱、马钱子碱、米饭花提取物、秋水仙碱、喜树碱、阿托品、东莨菪碱、毛果芸香碱、小叶棘豆提取物、香茅草精油、尤加利精油、高原南星提取物混合后加入到明胶水溶液中，50℃下水浴加热，12000rpm 高速剪切5min，然后将混合物加入高取代羟丙基纤维素水溶液，冷却至4℃，加入液体石蜡并混匀，静置6小时，即可得水基型驱避剂。
该水基型驱避剂使用方便，可制成喷雾剂使用，同时，本发明所述家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂中的有效成分与明胶组成了微胶囊，再通过高取代羟丙基纤维素将微胶囊再包裹一层，减缓了其释放速率，延长了有效的驱避苍蝇和蚊子的时间，并通过其缓释效果在一定的时间内对喷洒区域的苍蝇和蚊子产生杀害。
本发明的创新性在于，以天然的植物成分，不含 DEET 等化学成分，并且成本低廉、无任何毒性，对人体不刺激，持续效果长，对苍蝇和蚊子具有良好的驱避和杀灭效果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、米饭花提取物4份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、小叶棘豆提取物3份、香茅草精油5份、尤加利精油7份、高原南星提取物5份、高取代羟丙基纤维素19份，液体石蜡8份。
实施例2
一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、米饭花提取物3份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、小叶棘豆提取物2份、香茅草精油5份、尤加利精油4份、高原南星提取物5份、高取代羟丙基纤维素16份，液体石蜡4份。
实施例3
一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、米饭花提取物6份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、小叶棘豆提取物5份、香茅草精油5份、尤加利精油9份、高原南星提取物5份、高取代羟丙基纤维素23份，液体石蜡11份。
实施例4
一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、米饭花提取物5份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、小叶棘豆提取物5份、香茅草精油5份、尤加利精油5份、高原南星提取物5份、高取代羟丙基纤维素17份，液体石蜡7份。
对比例
一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、香茅草精油5份、聚乙二醇19份。
效果实施例
1.室内驱蚊效果评价 ：
供试材料 ：白纹伊蚊，羽化后 3 天-5 天未吸血的雌性成虫。
蚊笼 ：长 400mm，宽 300mm，高 300mm。
试验条件 ：温度 （ 26±1） ℃，相对湿度 65%±10%。
攻击力测试 ：蚊笼内放入 300只试虫，试验人员手臂暴露 40mm×40mm皮肤面积，其余部分严密遮避。将手臂伸入蚊笼内放置 2min，观察发现蚊虫停落，在其口器将刺入皮肤前抖动手臂将其驱离，记为 1 只试虫停落。 前来停落的试虫多余 30 只的测试人员和试虫为攻击力合格，此人及此笼蚊虫可进行驱避试验。
驱避试验 ：选 4 名及以上攻击力合格的试验人员 （ 男女各半，且试验前和试验期间不应饮酒、茶或咖啡，不应使用含香精类的产品），在其双手手背各画出 50mm×50mm的皮肤面积，其中一只手按 1.5μL/cm2 的剂量均匀涂抹待测的驱避剂，暴露其中的 40mm×40mm 的皮肤，严密遮蔽其余部分。 另一只手为空白对照。 涂抹驱避剂 2h 后，将手伸入攻击力合格的蚊笼内 2min，观察有无蚊虫前来停落吸血。 之后每间隔 1h 测试一次，只要有一只蚊虫前来吸血即判作驱避剂失效。 记录驱避剂有效保护时间（h）。 每次对照手先做对照测试，攻击力合格的试虫可继续试验，试虫攻击力不合格则需更换合格试虫进行试验。结果如下表。
结果表明，实施例1-4以及对比例中的家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，驱避效果均可达到中华人民共和国国家标准 GB-T13917.9-2009 的A类标准。
2. 将实施例1-4及对比例中的水基型家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂配制成 0.1％ (wt)的雾化液备用，将30只活家蝇、20只活按蚊分别放入各密闭的试验箱内，使用本发明的喷雾器以喷雾方法分别向箱壁上喷入雾化液，喷药量为 5ml。开始计时并定时观察记录24小时后的击倒只数，清除箱内的蚊蝇，试验箱放置72小时后再分别放入相同数目的蚊蝇，开始计时并定时观察记录24小时后的击倒只数。同时进行空白对照试验，结果见下。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。对于本发明中所有未详尽描述的技术细节，均可通过本领域任一现有技术实现。
Claims (3)
1.一种家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，其特征在于，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱1-5份、次乌头碱2-4份、新乌头碱3-5份、马钱子碱2-6份、米饭花提取物3-6份、秋水仙碱2-4份、喜树碱1-5份、阿托品5-9份、东莨菪碱2-8份、毛果芸香碱10-16份、小叶棘豆提取物2-5份、香茅草精油3-7份、尤加利精油4-9份、高原南星提取物3-7份、高取代羟丙基纤维素16-23份，液体石蜡4-11份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，其特征在于，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱2-4份、次乌头碱3-4份、新乌头碱4-5份、马钱子碱3-5份、米饭花提取物4-5份、秋水仙碱3-4份、喜树碱2-4份、阿托品6-8份、东莨菪碱3-6份、毛果芸香碱12-15份、小叶棘豆提取物3-4份、香茅草精油4-6份、尤加利精油5-8份、高原南星提取物4-6份、高取代羟丙基纤维素18-21份，液体石蜡6-9份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的家庭卫生杀虫气雾剂，其特征在于，制得的该杀虫气雾剂为水基型制剂，由以下原料按重量计组成：乌头碱3份、次乌头碱3份、新乌头碱4份、马钱子碱4份、米饭花提取物4份、秋水仙碱4份、喜树碱3份、阿托品7份、东莨菪碱5份、毛果芸香碱14份、小叶棘豆提取物3份、香茅草精油5份、尤加利精油7份、高原南星提取物5份、高取代羟丙基纤维素19份，液体石蜡8份。
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