CN106358260A - Synchronizing method for network time of large-scale wireless sensor - Google Patents
Synchronizing method for network time of large-scale wireless sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN106358260A CN106358260A CN201610977993.7A CN201610977993A CN106358260A CN 106358260 A CN106358260 A CN 106358260A CN 201610977993 A CN201610977993 A CN 201610977993A CN 106358260 A CN106358260 A CN 106358260A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
- H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
- H04W56/0015—Synchronization between nodes one node acting as a reference for the others
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a synchronizing method for network time of a large-scale wireless sensor. According to the method, on the basis of a time synchronization mechanism for a dynamic path and a node synchronizing information forwarding qualification authentication mechanism, the accumulation of the multi-hop error can be restrained, the influence of clock frequency discontinuity on the synchronization precision can be eliminated, the adaptation to the change of network topology is higher and the energy consumption can be saved. The reference node hollow coping mechanism is adopted for treating the interrupted condition of the synchronizing process, so that the reliability of network synchronization can be guaranteed. According to the method, the reference node selection waiting time, the qualification threshold in the forwarding qualification authentication mechanism and the maximal waiting time can be adjusted according to the synchronization precision and the shortage condition of node energy in practical application, so that the method can adapt to the requirements under different application scenes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the time synchronized field between wireless sensor network node is and in particular to a kind of large-scale wireless passes
Sensor method for synchronizing network time.
Background technology
Time synchronization technique be in wireless sensor network (wireless sensor networks, wsns) one important
Key technology.Due to the cooperative nature of wireless sensor network node, when individual node measurement data should have accurate
Between synchronous be very important.In view of wireless sensor network is different from the tradition such as the Internet in energy consumption restriction and synchronization accuracy
The requirement of network, the Time synchronization technique of legacy network is not applied for wireless sensor network.From wireless sensor network
Time synchronization technique propose since, had the classic algorithm of many, such as tpsn (timing-sync protocol for
Sensor networks), ftsp (flooding time synchronization protocol), rbs (reference
Broadcast synchronization), pbs (pairwise broadcast synchronization) etc..These algorithms
By with directly, by the use of the temporal information of standard time clock or using it as synchronous triggering signal, the deadline is synchronous.
Although classic algorithm solves the problems, such as single hop synchronization between node well, under wsns network, only rely on list
The classical time synchronization protocol jumped can not meet demand, and the work long hours mutation of posterior nodal point clock frequency of network is also not
Insignificant problem.Simple by network according to node between connected relation set up network topology structure, repeat the time of single-hop
Synchronizing process, will lead to serious multi-hop cumulative errors.
Therefore, on the basis of classical time synchronization protocol, some time synchronized associations for large scale network are proposed again
View.Such as drl-tsp (dynamic route list based timing-sync protocol) partitions the network into level knot
Structure, makes nodal distance root node have jete away from and selecting a father node on upper strata and complete by obtaining minimum level number
Synchronous.fbdt-tsp(frequency skew bid and dynamic topology based time
Synchronization protocol) reduce synchronous jumping figure by region sub-clustering mechanism and frequency deviation Bidding Strategiess, during acquisition
The more stable synchronous father node of clock frequency.But the wsns network for finite energy, fixing layering clustering algorithm is to net
The dependency of network topology is very strong, sets up and safeguard that network topology can cause extra energy expenditure, and network topology is tied
The change of structure nor timely adapt to very well.
With the continuous expansion of wsns network size, synchronization message hop count is more, causes can not ignore accumulative
Error, network topology structure is also more changeable, so, studying a kind of method for synchronizing time be applied to large scale network is very
It is necessary.
Content of the invention
The present invention is on the basis of existing time synchronization protocol, and the multi-hop error for massive wireless sensor is tired out
The problem that meter is serious, nodal clock frequency discontinuity, network topology structure are changeable, the present invention provides a kind of large-scale wireless sensor
Method for synchronizing network time, the method is that one kind based on dynamic route (dynamic route, dr) and forwards qualification authentication
Method for synchronizing time (the time synchronization protocol of (forwarding certification, fc)
Based on dynamic route and forwarding certification, drfc-tsp).This synchronous method passes through
Preferred, the dynamic access optimal synchronisation path of each node reference mode in the synchronization of every wheel, not only ensure that time synchronized
Precision, and can preferably adapt to the change of network topology；By carrying out to the forwarding qualification of synchronization message screening certification, take
The time synchronized message of the bad node of the performance that disappears forwards qualification, reduces Internet traffic, reduce the consumption of energy from root.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of massive wireless sensor method for synchronizing time, comprises the following steps:
(1) root node initiates synchronization
When synchronization starts, it is time synchronized bag or forwarding qualification authentication by the type that root node determines synchronization packets
Bag, concurrently sets the parameter information such as synchronous round and synchronous jumping figure, packet is sent, starts intervalometer, through a synchronization
Next round is initiated again synchronous behind the interval in cycle.
(2) selection of reference mode
Non-root node monitors, in synchronous beginning, the synchronization packets that other nodes are sent, after receiving first packet,
If time synchronized packet, then setting time synchronous timer is referring initially to node preferred process, intervalometer then it
Before, node persistently receives other synchronization packets, compares performance parameter std of the packet receiving, and finally chooses optimal time
The node of performance is reference synchronization node.
(3) non-root node forwards qualification authentication
Qualification threshold value is set according to network specific requirement.After non-root node listens to forwarding qualification authentication bag, then set money
Lattice certification intervalometer starts to forward qualification process, and before intervalometer is then, node persistently receives in its communication range it
The qualification authentication packet that his neighbor node is sent, records neighbor node number, and carries out performance ranking to oneself in neighbouring domain,
If ranking less than qualification threshold value then it is assumed that this node has forwarding qualification, complete in time synchronization process this node when
Between after synchronization, also need forwarding time synchronization message.
(4) non-root node is synchronous
After node to be synchronized selectes reference mode, close the monitoring of synchronization packets, sent using this reference mode
Temporal information and when receiving this packet this node time record, calculate time deviation and time delay, when carrying out local
The correction of clock, if this node has forwarding qualification, also needs to send synchronous package to other nodes.
(5) extension of network
When the node having new is added in the network having run, can carry out according to performance parameter std is clog-free
Reference mode selects the deadline synchronous, is exchanged according to the performance parameter with neighbor node and completes qualification authentication it is not necessary to again
Start the synchronous protocol of whole network；When there being node failure, the next-hop node with it as reference mode is fast in the same fashion
Speed reselects new reference mode, will not produce impact to the synchronization of other nodes of network.
It is as follows that the method for synchronizing time of the present invention realizes details under large-scale network environment:
Cancel fixing layering cluster structured, dynamic selection reference mode in time synchronization process, by each jump
Reference mode optimization reach whole piece synchronous path performance optimal, often take turns and all choose new optimum reference mode raising to net
The adaptability of network change in topology.Sink node is as root node it is believed that it has standard time clock issues synchronization message.Reference mode
Choose by relatively completing to joint behavior parameter (std), performance parameter be a jumping figure with this nodal distance root node,
Clock frequency stability and last round of synchronous when this node the related parameter of performance state.When carrying out time synchronized, can
To greatly reduce synchronous jumping figure, improve synchronization accuracy.The present invention adopts node to forward qualification authentication strategy, cancels the bad section of performance
The forwarding qualification of point, the redundancy communication amount in effective control network, decrease energy expenditure.Performance parameter std expression formula is:
stdi=λ (h) μ (f) η (stdi-1) (3.1)
Wherein, i is synchronous round, stdiIt is the std parameter of i-th this node of wheel, λ (h) is and this nodal distance root node
The related parameter of jumping figure h, μ (f) is the parameter related to the clock frequency deviation f of current this node of round, η (stdi-1) be and upper one
The performance-relevant parameter of node when wheel is synchronous.
In this synchronous method, the good node of a clock performance, should have less jumping figure and more stable clock
Frequency, the std parameter of the therefore more preferable node of nodal clock performance should be less.According to actual application demand it is considered to network pair
Jump away from the sensitivity being mutated with clock frequency, adjust it to the proportion of performance impact so that std can reflect this application lower node
Net synchronization capability.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is: a kind of dynamic route mechanism, obtained by the preferred reference mode of each jump
Excellent synchronous path, selection clock frequency is stablized and the few reference mode of synchronous jumping figure synchronizes, the multi-hop accumulation of suppression error,
And dynamically choose optimal path in every wheel is subsynchronous, and required with the time synchronized being suitable for network topology structure change, applicable
Application under node on-fixed scene, node dynamic select reference mode to be synchronized make network have good anti-crushing and
Autgmentability；The forwarding qualification authentication mechanism proposing, the synchronization message ranking node rearward by limiting a part of performance forwards money
Lattice, reduce the traffic of network dead message, and information of saving exchanges energy consumption；The reference mode cavity coping mechanism proposing, when one
Ask initiating active synchronization it is ensured that the reliability of Network Synchronization is carried out during the passive and synchronous failure of interior node to be synchronized of fixing time.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the root node operating diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the non-root node operating diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the anti-destructiveness design sketch of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is present invention synchronizing process schematic diagram in dynamic topology.
Fig. 5 is the dynamic topology explanation figure of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the synchronous effect comparison diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is further detailed explanation.
The present invention is a kind of massive wireless sensor time synchronized based on dynamic route and forwarding qualification authentication
Method, when synchronous, node selection clock frequency is stable and jump synchronizes away from little reference mode, reaches suppression multi-hop error and tires out
Long-pending effect.And using forwarding the strategy of qualification authentication, the qualification forwarding synchronization message to node carries out preferentially certification, the property cancelled
Can bad node forwarding qualification it is ensured that reducing Internet traffic while synchronization accuracy, reach the purpose saving energy.
The present invention sequentially passes through following steps:
(1) root node initiates synchronization
As shown in figure 1, when synchronization starts, being time synchronized bag or forwarding by the type that root node determines synchronization packets
Qualification authentication bag.Think that root node clock is the standard time, when be partially always 0, frequency deviation is always 1.Root node timing is initiated complete
The synchronization of a net new round.Set and often carry out n time synchronization process it is desirable to carry out a minor node to forward qualification process.Only
Root node is had to safeguard synchronous round, when initiating new round time synchronized or qualification process every time, synchronous round adds 1.Initiate
A new round need to check current round when synchronous, if round is the integral multiple of n, needs to initiate the forwarding qualification authentication of new round node
Process；If not the integral multiple of n, then still only initiate time synchronization process, do not carry out node and forward qualification authentication.In invention
In experiment, setting often carries out a minor node qualification process through 5 wheel time synchronization process.
(2) selection of reference mode
As shown in Fig. 2 node to be synchronized monitors synchronization message, when receiving first synchronization message, the opening time is synchronously fixed
When device, start reference mode choose countdown, then front persistently receive synchronization message, check its performance parameter std, intervalometer
Then close the monitoring of synchronization packets afterwards, retention property the superior, as reference synchronization node, completes the synchronization of this node.As
This node has synchronization message to forward qualification, also needs to encapsulate this node synchronous package and forwards downwards.
(3) non-root node forwards qualification process
In Fig. 2, non-root node opens qualification authentication intervalometer when receiving first qualification authentication bag, starts neighbours' performance
Exchange countdown, the intervalometer then front packet persistently receiving from neighbor node, and record neighbours' number, this node with adjacent
The Performance comparision ranking occupying.Intervalometer then after, compare the size of ranking in neighbouring domain for this node and preset threshold value,
If then it is assumed that this node has forwarding qualification before being in threshold value, otherwise do not forward qualification.
(4) non-root node is synchronous
As Fig. 2, time synchronized intervalometer then after, node to be synchronized have selected reference mode；Taken according to reference mode
When the temporal information of band and this packet of reception, the local zone time of this node, calculates time deviation and time delay, when carrying out local
The correction of clock；Have and forward the node of qualification to need to encapsulate the time synchronized bag of oneself, and forward to other nodes.
(5) extension of network
When the node having new is added in the network having run, can be added synchronous according to reference mode preference policy
Network is it is also possible to be added in qualification process according to the capability message that neighbor node is sent, whole without restarting
The synchronous protocol of individual network.Node adds not to be needed to notify other nodes in network, clog-free can be added to synchronous net
Network.
Advantages of the present invention is mainly reflected in following several respects:
1. the suppression of error multi-hop accumulation is realized using reference mode preference policy
During time synchronized, node to be synchronized is always chosen and can be received best one conduct of performance in synchronous package
Its reference synchronization node.The jump of this nodal distance root node to be synchronized away from a key factor being impact performance parameter, one
The node of function admirable its apart from root node jump away from should be little.When there being multiple reference mode candidate, always choose and jump
Away from the shortest one as reference mode, that is, each node obtains time synchronized message through minimum middle hop count, from
And effectively suppress the accumulative of multi-hop error.
Fig. 6 is the experiment drfc-tsp of synchronous method of the present invention and the comparison not carrying out reference mode optimization experiment dmts,
It can be seen that drfc-tsp completes synchronization compared with dmts through less jumping figure, multi-hop cumulative errors inhibition is obvious.
2. pair node forwards the strategy of qualification authentication
There is substantial amounts of garbage in synchronization message repeating process, cause very big energy dissipation.Therefore, this synchronization
Method employs the strategy that node is forwarded with qualification authentication, by performance ranking in its neighbouring domain for the node, cancels a part
The synchronization message of the bad node of performance forwards qualification.Only performance node ability forwarding time synchronization message downwards up to standard, both
Ensure that the performance quality of candidate reference node, greatly reduce Internet traffic again, save energy.
3. the adaptability of pair network topology change
After network runs for a long time, some nodes can lose efficacy because of depleted of energy, using it as reference mode
Next-hop node can not receive effective synchronous package.In node it may happen that under the application scenarios of movement, previously selected ginseng
Examine node and even more can lose meaning.Therefore this synchronous method does not set up fixing topological structure at the network initial stage, synchronous in every wheel
In all dynamically choose reference mode, reduce the dependence to network topology for the synchronizing process, eliminate network topology set up and after
Phase safeguards the energy expenditure repaired, and has good adaptability for the application that network topology changes.
In Fig. 5, (a) is node original state message transmission schematic diagram, and (b) is message transmission schematic diagram after node motion.
In the network topology pre-building, 1. number node and 2. number node be respectively a network in cluster head as the synchronization in this cluster
Reference mode, but through after a period of time, the position of node changes, the network topology pre-building, either cluster head is also
It is that cluster member can not be operated according to original sub-clustering.For such application scenarios, one is needed to be adapted to move
The more healthy and stronger topological structure of meshed network, adapts to the uncertain change of message propagation path, walks beyond reducing synchronizing process
To save energy, Fig. 4 is the experimental conditions under dynamic network for the synchronous method of the present invention to the rapid packet sending.
4. anti-destructiveness
As shown in figure 3, grayed-out nodes represent failure node, the next-hop node with these grayed-out nodes as reference mode will
Effective synchronization message no longer can be received, need the reference mode election process again initiating the whole network to determine new reference synchronization,
Re-electing of the whole network is affected to be a process expending very much energy.The dynamic synchronization path of the synchronous method according to the present invention
Characteristic, each node, without the filiation safeguarded with other nodes, dynamically chooses reference mode, will not be because of certain node
Inefficacy and lead to synchronous path interrupt, initiate the whole network repair process.
5. extensibility
The topology of a fixation in traditional time synchronization protocol, has always been pre-build according to the connected relation of network
Structure, the basis with this topological structure as messaging path completes the time synchronized of the whole network.This strategy in, each node with
The father node chosen in advance synchronizes the synchronization of message exchange deadline, very strong to the dependency of filiation.If network
In increased new node and then must restart agreement, to the new node selection adding with reference to father node, cause the whole network again
Election, seriously limits the autgmentability of agreement.The process that this is restarted not only expends substantial amounts of energy, and network can be caused same
The temporary transient interruption of step process, the normal operation of impact other functions.In the synchronous method of the present invention, no longer have between node mutually
Rely on the relation of restriction, when there being the node of new addition, according to the synchronous package receiving choose reference mode complete this node when
Between synchronous, can clog-free be added in synchronization message transmittance process.Qualification process is forwarded also can directly to add
Enter in the ranking of neighbouring domain.Each node is all independent individuality, individual node add with leave all no longer to the whole network
Synchronous generation affects.
Last in requisition for explanation, above example only in order to technical scheme to be described and unrestricted, although
With reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention has been not limited thereto, any
Those familiar with the art the invention discloses technical scope in, the modification that can readily occur in or equivalent,
Without deviating from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, all should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of massive wireless sensor method for synchronizing time is it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) root node initiate synchronous, when synchronously starting, by the type that root node determines synchronization packets be time synchronized bag or
Forward qualification authentication bag, concurrently set the parameter information such as synchronous round and synchronous jumping figure, packet is sent, starts intervalometer,
Initiate next round again synchronous behind the interval of a synchronizing cycle；
(2) selection of reference mode, non-root node monitors, in synchronous beginning, the synchronization packets that other nodes are sent, and receives the
After one packet, if time synchronized packet, then setting time synchronous timer is referring initially to node preferred process,
Intervalometer then before, node persistently receives other synchronization packets, compares performance parameter std of the packet receiving, choose
The node of optimal time performance is reference synchronization node；
(3) non-root node forwards qualification authentication, sets qualification threshold value according to network specific requirement, and non-root node listens to forwarding money
After lattice certification bag, then set qualification authentication intervalometer and start to forward qualification process, before intervalometer is then, node is lasting
Receive the qualification authentication packet that in its communication range, other neighbor nodes are sent, record neighbor node number, and to oneself in neighbour
Occupy in domain and carry out performance ranking, if ranking is less than qualification threshold value then it is assumed that this node has forwarding qualification, in time synchronized mistake
After completing the time synchronized of this node in journey, also need forwarding time synchronization message；
(4) non-root node is synchronous, after node to be synchronized selectes reference mode, closes the monitoring of synchronization packets, using this ginseng
When examining the temporal information that node sends and receiving this packet, the time record of this node, calculates time deviation and prolongs
When, carry out the correction of local clock, if this node has forwarding qualification, also need to send synchronous package to other nodes；
(5) extension of network, when the node having new is added in the network having run, can according to performance parameter std no
The reference mode that carries out of obstacle selects the deadline synchronous, is exchanged according to the performance parameter with neighbor node and completes qualification authentication；
When there being node failure, the next-hop node with it as reference mode reselects new reference mode.
2. massive wireless sensor method for synchronizing time according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that step (2)
Middle performance parameter std expression formula is:
stdi=λ (h) μ (f) η (stdi-1)
Wherein, i is synchronous round, stdiIt is the std parameter of i-th this node of wheel, λ (h) is and this nodal distance root node jumping figure h
Related parameter, μ (f) is the parameter related to the clock frequency deviation f of current this node of round, η (stdi-1) be and last round of synchronization
The performance-relevant parameter of Shi Jiedian.
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| CN107040988A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-11 | 徐州雷奥医疗设备有限公司 | A kind of wireless medical equipment disturbance restraining method monitored based on synchronous regime |
| CN108712769A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-26 | 山东大学 | A kind of wireless sensor network synchronous method based on dynamic route and variable period |
| WO2018201367A1 (en) * | 2017-05-04 | 2018-11-08 | 深圳前海达闼云端智能科技有限公司 | Node authentication method and node authentication system |
| CN109068385A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-21 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of underwater wireless method for synchronizing network time with fault-tolerance |
| CN114039691A (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2022-02-11 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | Time synchronization method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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