CN106356889A - 永磁风力发电机组 - Google Patents

永磁风力发电机组 Download PDF

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CN106356889A
CN106356889A CN201610862991.3A CN201610862991A CN106356889A CN 106356889 A CN106356889 A CN 106356889A CN 201610862991 A CN201610862991 A CN 201610862991A CN 106356889 A CN106356889 A CN 106356889A
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phase
permanent magnet
wind power
power generator
magnet wind
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李卓洋
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    • H02J3/386
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及风力发电装置,具体为永磁风力发电机组。解决现有永磁风力发电机组输出功率的提升受限制等问题。包括永磁风力发电机和与之连接的变频装置,永磁风力发电机有3n个彼此电器隔离的三相或单相电枢绕组,n为大于等于2的自然数;变频装置包括3n个功率模块,每个功率模块由三相或单相PWM整流电路、直流斩波电路和单相全桥逆变电路构成,每个三相或单相电枢绕组与对应功率模块的整流电路的输入端相连,3n个功率模块分成三组,每组中的n个功率模块的单相全桥逆变电路的输出端相互串联,三组串联的功率模块构成变频装置的三相交流输出。本发明极大地提升了永磁风力发电机组的输出功率,输出功率可达到2.5WM以上。

Description

永磁风力发电机组
技术领域
本发明涉及风力发电装置,具体为永磁风力发电机组。
背景技术
图1所示为现有永磁风力发电机组的结构示意图,其包括永磁风力发电机PMSG和与之连接的变频装置,所述永磁风力发电机输出两组三相交流电,所述变频装置由二极管整流电路、升压与斩波电路和IGBT构成的三相全桥逆变电路构成。此结构为典型的不控整流+直流升压斩波+PWM逆变型永磁风力发电机组。六相永磁直驱风力发电机输出AC690V电能,经过二极管整理形成12脉波的直流电压,进入中间直流回路;由于风速的随机变化,为使机组实现最大功率点跟踪运行,发电机转速须随风速改变,故发电机输出端经不控整流得到的直流电压是浮动的,必须经过一级BOOST电路将直流母线电压提升至所需要的水平;PWM逆变器回路则是将中间直流回路变换为AC620交流电,逆变拓扑采用的是三相全桥逆变回路。AC620V的交流电经过滤波,提升电流的品质,再经过并网变压器,升压至10KV后并网。
上述现有永磁风力发电机组存在以下几个方面的不足:
1)发电机输出经过不控整流加电容滤波,造成发电机严重的非线性负载,可能导致电枢电流波形畸变,功率因数降低和发电机内部损耗增大等后果;为此需要采取适当的补救措施,例如在发电机机端并联交流电容以改善发电机的功率因数,但这增加了系统的成本和体积。
2)BOOST电路工作时,需借助直流电感L存储和释放能量,既有方案中发电机输出整流后采用集中BOOST升压,由于电感中流过过大单极性脉动电流,其偏磁效应十分严重,极易饱和,因此不得不采用大气隙甚至空心电感,使得体积大、重量重、成本高。特别是对于功率较大的风电机组,流过电感的电流也相应变大,问题更加突出。
3)受IGBT承压能力的限制,能量变换过程中各部分额定电压过低,导致同样功率下电流过大,损耗过大;也因此限制了发电机组输出功率的提升,限制了风能的充分利用;上述现有永磁风力发电机组电能变换过程中的输出额定电压等级为AC620V,其最大输出功率2.5WM并很难再提高。
4)两电平网测PWM变频器输出的电流谐波大。
发明内容
本发明解决现有永磁风力发电机组存在的上述缺陷和问题,提供一种永磁风力发电机组,该永磁风力发电机组通过给出一种新型的超多组电枢绕组发电机的思路,改变永磁发电机传统的电枢输出设计方式,并结合单元串联多重化中压变频技术,来克服现有永磁发电机组存在的缺陷和问题,特别是满足风电市场未来发展过程中对于永磁发电机功率不断提升的要求。
本发明是采用如下技术方案实现的:永磁风力发电机组,包括永磁风力发电机PMSG和与之连接的变频装置,永磁风力发电机PMSG有3n个彼此(完全)电气隔离的三相或单相电枢绕组,n为大于等于2的自然数;变频装置包括3n个功率模块,每个功率模块由三相或单相PWM整流电路、直流斩波电路和单相全桥逆变电路构成,每个三相或单相电枢绕组与对应功率模块的整流电路的输入端相连,3n个功率模块分成三组,每组中的n个功率模块的单相全桥逆变电路的输出端相互串联,三组串联的功率模块构成变频装置的三相交流输出。本发明变频装置中功率模块的整流电路由现有技术的二极管不控整流变为PWM四象限整流器,通过所有功率模块单元四象限的多重化交错控制策略可以实现发电机内部谐波的最大优化,也使发电机与PWM整流电路之间的储能电感的设计得到优化;通过超多组电枢绕组及功率模块串接的结构设计,提高了变频装置的额定输出电压,从而在不过大增加额定电流的情况下,可提高整个风力发电机组的输出功率,进而提高风能的利用率。多个功率模块的单相全桥逆变电路的输出端相互串联,利用多电平电压叠加的方式优化输出电压波形,从而减小变频装置输出电流的谐波。
与现有技术相比,本发明产生如下技术效果:1、极大地提升了永磁风力发电机组的输出功率,输出功率可达到2.5WM以上,如 3WM-10WM、甚至20WM。2、优化了永磁发电机的谐波,优化了三相交流输出的谐波,提高了系统可靠性;3、通过提升电压的方式,在相同功率下降低电流,减小损耗,提高系统效率。
附图说明
图1为现有永磁风力发电机组的电路原理图;
图2为本发明所述永磁风力发电机组的电路原理图;
图3为功率模块的电路原理图(以三相为例);
图4为本发明具体实施方式的电路原理图。
具体实施方式
永磁风力发电机组,包括永磁风力发电机PMSG和与之连接的变频装置,永磁风力发电机PMSG有3n个彼此(完全)电器隔离的三相或单相电枢绕组,n为大于等于2的自然数;变频装置包括3n个功率模块,每个功率模块由三相或单相PWM整流电路、直流斩波电路和单相全桥逆变电路构成,每个三相或单相电枢绕组与对应功率模块的整流电路的输入端相连,3n个功率模块分成三组,每组中的n个功率模块的单相全桥逆变电路的输出端相互串联,三组串联的功率模块构成变频装置的三相交流输出。
图4给出了本发明所述永磁风力发电机组的一种具体实例,该实例为一个功率为3MW的永磁风力发电机组,该永磁风力发电机为9组三相交流输出,每组之间互相电器隔离,9组三相交流输出端线电压为AC690V,输出功率均匀,因PWM四象限可以实现较高的功率因数,发电机输出每相电流为290A;AC690V从发电机输出进入变频装置,变频装置由9个功率模块单元分组串联而成,通过将3个功率模块的输出叠加起来得到相电压为AC1773V左右的中压输出,考虑并网时输出无功功率,电流约为600A;三组分别串联的功率模块形成Y型连接结构,输出线电压为AC3KV等级的三相交流电;通过电机侧四象限三相PWM整流器的控制,实现功率模块中间电压的调节控制;9个功率模块通过27重相间均匀PWM交错控制,实现电机谐波的优化;通过将3个功率模块的输出叠加也降低了所输出的三相交流电的谐波。三相AC3KV输出经过隔离开关和并网变压器后,完成滤波和升压后并网。

Claims (2)

1.一种永磁风力发电机组,包括永磁风力发电机(PMSG)和与之连接的变频装置,其特征在于永磁风力发电机(PMSG)有3n个彼此电器隔离的三相或单相电枢绕组,n为大于等于2的自然数;变频装置包括3n个功率模块,每个功率模块由三相或单相PWM整流电路、直流斩波电路和单相全桥逆变电路构成,每个三相或单相电枢绕组与对应功率模块的整流电路的输入端相连,3n个功率模块分成三组,每组中的n个功率模块的单相全桥逆变电路的输出端相互串联,三组串联的功率模块构成变频装置的三相交流输出。
2.根据权利要求1所述的永磁风力发电机组,其特征在于,n等于3且电枢绕组为三相绕组。
CN201610862991.3A 2016-09-29 2016-09-29 永磁风力发电机组 Pending CN106356889A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106972758A (zh) * 2017-05-15 2017-07-21 南京航空航天大学 一种独立发电场合的单相/三相组合逆变供电装置
CN107623393A (zh) * 2017-09-08 2018-01-23 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七二研究所) 一种可调压高速永磁发电系统
CN107888083A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-04-06 西安中车永电电气有限公司 一种内燃机车交流传动系统主电路功率单元
CN107947222A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-04-20 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 直流风机输电系统

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101291071A (zh) * 2008-06-18 2008-10-22 张皓 一种风力发电直接并网电力变换装置
CN201388064Y (zh) * 2009-04-16 2010-01-20 新疆全新环保新技术科技有限公司 采用多相发电机和多电平变换器的兆瓦级变速风电机组

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101291071A (zh) * 2008-06-18 2008-10-22 张皓 一种风力发电直接并网电力变换装置
CN201388064Y (zh) * 2009-04-16 2010-01-20 新疆全新环保新技术科技有限公司 采用多相发电机和多电平变换器的兆瓦级变速风电机组

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106972758A (zh) * 2017-05-15 2017-07-21 南京航空航天大学 一种独立发电场合的单相/三相组合逆变供电装置
CN107623393A (zh) * 2017-09-08 2018-01-23 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七二研究所) 一种可调压高速永磁发电系统
CN107888083A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-04-06 西安中车永电电气有限公司 一种内燃机车交流传动系统主电路功率单元
CN107888083B (zh) * 2017-12-20 2024-03-26 西安中车永电电气有限公司 一种内燃机车交流传动系统主电路功率单元
CN107947222A (zh) * 2017-12-26 2018-04-20 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 直流风机输电系统

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