CN106354918B - The construction method of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in a kind of hydraulic fracturing - Google Patents
The construction method of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in a kind of hydraulic fracturing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of construction methods of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in hydraulic fracturing, comprising the following steps: a) solves solids problem, including node acceleration, node speed, modal displacement using display algorithm；B) flow problem, including flow and pressure are solved using implicit algorithm；C) effect of the fluid flow fields to the effect and solid stress field of solid stress field to fluid flow fields is calculated separately using crack band model, to realize fluid and structural simulation.The present invention provides a kind of effective numerical algorithm for fluid structurecoupling Numerical Simulation Problems in hydraulic fracturing technology, which can efficiently solve the instability problem of fluid and structural simulation in current hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation；The numerical value computing platform established with this can simply and efficiently realize the numerical simulation of different operating conditions, easy to spread to be applied to the calculating of practical shale gas exploitation engineering and analyze.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of construction methods of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in hydraulic fracturing.
Background technique
Hydraulic fracturing is widely used in shale gas exploitation field as a kind of routine techniques, and development directly affects page
The yield and economic benefits of rock gas exploitation.Efficiently and accurately prediction hydraulic fracturing process is wherein crucial for fully understanding and grasping
Mechanics problem, development and the more advanced hydraulic fracturing technology of innovation, so that improving shale gas exploitation efficiency and yield has extremely
Important role.Hydraulic fracturing process is sufficiently complex, is related to fluid in crack initiation caused by Fluid pressure and extension, crack
Solid deformation caused by pressure, in crack fluid flow key issues of.It also needs to consider in practical projects natural in rock mass
Structure is managed in crack, multilayer rock, crustal stress is distributed, the mechanical mechanisms such as the leakage of fluid, proppant transport and crack closure in crack.
These phenomenons and mechanical mechanism itself and its between intercouple effect so that hydraulic fracturing process is more complicated.Therefore, with
The development of computer level is that research has having for complicated mechanical mechanism hydraulic fracturing process using extensive numerical simulation
Effect means.
The hydraulic fracturing numerical computation method being widely adopted at present includes the finite element based on continuum mechanics theory
Method, extended finite element method, boundary element method and displacement discontinuity element, and the distinct element method based on non-continuum mechanics method
Deng.It is non-linear in solution since traditional FInite Element can effectively simulate extension of the hydraulic fracturing in unhomogeneous rock
Problem and complicated applied force state issues have great advantage, and the numerical model largely based on conventional finite element method is used to simulate
Hydraulic fracturing process.Crack by being set as the side of unit by conventional finite element method, and crack tip is set as cell node, using again
The mode of grid division realizes dynamic expansion of the crack in computational domain, but grid reconstruction greatly affected the efficiency of algorithm.
Extended finite element method overcomes tradition by the freedom degree that jump function increases non-continuous face in the frame of standard finite element
The shortcomings that FInite Element, greatly reduces computing resource by the extension in independent network analog crack, improves calculating effect
Rate, extended finite element method is gradually widely used in research hydraulic fracturing problem in recent years.Boundary element method is only compared to FInite Element
Need partition structure boundary and non-continuous face, have unit number is few, computing resource consumption less and the advantages such as high-efficient.Displacement is not
Continuity method does not need to repartition grid, crack point when handling crack scaling problem as a kind of indirect boundary element method
End can be displaced discontinuous unit by high-order to handle, but when solving nonlinear problem, ask there are numerical solution is unstable etc.
Topic.The advantage of distinct element method is to handle discontinuous, subregional structure, main contact by between different units body and
It influences each other and carrys out the discontinuity of description scheme, have the problems such as handling multiple cracking, intrinsic fracture, multilayer rock reason structure excellent
Gesture.
In conclusion different numerical computation methods have specific advantage using field at it, but exist simultaneously certain
Limitation is mainly reflected in:
(1) when solving the solids problem in hydraulic fracturing process using implicit algorithm, i.e., simulation is tied as caused by pressure
When damage caused by structure rupture, crack extension causes stress decrease to will lead to elastic stiffness matrix and no longer meets positive definite in structure
Property, so as to cause numerical value calculates unstable and calculating is caused not restrain.
(2) using display algorithm solve hydraulic fracturing process in flow problem when, i.e., in simulation fracture fluid flowing and
When infiltration problem, time step used cannot usually be protected no more than " stability condition " of a certain critical value in display algorithm
Card, so as to cause numerical value calculates unstable and calculating is caused not restrain.
(3) finite element business software general at present still cannot achieve implicit and display Unified Solution hydraulic fracturing process
In fluid structurecoupling problem.
(4) presently, there are the still ununified standard of hydraulic fracturing numerical simulation construction method, cannot achieve big rule
Mould calculates to meet the needs of Practical Project, and theoretical research can not reasonably be generalized to hydraulic fracturing Practical Project.
Therefore, it is urgent to provide a kind of numerical methods for efficiently solving the problems, such as fluid structurecoupling in hydraulic fracturing process, and it is accurate to come
Hydraulic fracturing process under simulation and prediction different geological conditions.Meanwhile Practical Project can be can satisfy in calculation scale
Demand can be generalized to hydraulic fracturing Practical Project.
Summary of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that being to be solved using implicit algorithm merely or explicit algorithm solves hydraulic fracturing stream and consolidates
Numerical value can be caused to calculate unstable and calculating is caused not restrain when coupled problem, and general finite element business software still can not
Realize the fluid structurecoupling problem in implicit algorithm and display algorithm Unified Solution hydraulic fracturing process.
To solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a kind of building side of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in hydraulic fracturing
Method, comprising the following steps:
A) solids problem, including node acceleration, node speed, modal displacement are solved using display algorithm；
B) flow problem, including flow and pressure are solved using implicit algorithm；
C) fluid flow fields are calculated separately to the effect of solid stress field and solid stress field to fluid using crack band model
The effect in flow field, to realize fluid and structural simulation.
Further, the step a) is specifically included:
1) model parameter and recording program are determined according to Practical Project problem；
2) according to stress equilibrium equationsIn time-domain, using explicit central difference method iteration
It solves, i.e.,ρ is density of solid in formula,For acceleration,
α is damped coefficient,For speed, σ is stress tensor, and f is physical strength, and u is displacement, and i is iterative steps, and Δ t is time step；It is logical
It crosses display algorithm and solves solids problem, including node accelerationNode speedModal displacement u.
Further, the step b) specifically:
The flow equation of fluid in the crack provided according to Poiseuille's lawIt is given with mass conservation law
Fluid governing equation in crack outEstablish fluid flow fields equationIn formula, q is flow, and P is Fluid pressure, and x is any in fluid
A bit,H in formula1,h2,h3Respectively three orthogonal direction fracture widths, wherein h1=l
〈ε″1〉,h2=l < ε "2〉,h3=l < ε "3>, ε "1,ε″2,ε″3For non-resilient principal strain,<x>=max (x, 0), l is element characteristic
Length, δijIt is Kronecker symbol, n is fracture planes normal vector, and γ is permeability, and μ is fluid kinematic viscosity coefficient；Its
Inρ in formula0For the fluid density under zero pressure, k is the bulk modulus of fluid, i, j=1,2,3；Using hidden
Formula algorithm solves flow problem, including calculates flow q and pressure P.
Further, the step c) specifically:
It transmits the result that solid and fluid solve and calculates separately fluid flow fields to the effect of solid stress field and consolidate
Effect of the body stress field to fluid flow fields；
Material failure can use flow coefficient B revised under damaging action to the effect of fluid flow fieldsijDescription；Fluid flow fields
Extra-stress under damaging action can be used to the effect of solid stress fieldDescription, whereinω in formulakIt is degree of injury variable,Wherein ε "kFor non-resilient principal strain, ε "k,breakIt is non-elastic break-down strain.
The invention has the benefit that
(1) present invention provides a kind of effective numerical value calculation for the numerical simulation of fluid structurecoupling problem in hydraulic fracturing technology
Method, the algorithm can efficiently solve the instability problem of the fluid structurecoupling in current hydraulic fracturing numerical procedure；
(2) the numerical value computing platform established with this can simply and efficiently realize the numerical simulation of different operating conditions, be easy to push away
Extensively it is applied to practical shale gas exploitation engineering to calculate and analyze.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is implementation flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is fluid structurecoupling schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
The embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be noted that not conflicting
In the case of, the features in the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application can mutual any combination.
Embodiment one:
As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention provides a kind of construction method of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in hydraulic fracturing, packet
Include following steps:
1) model parameter and recording program are determined according to Practical Project problem；The present invention uses crack band model (Zden ě k
P.B.H.Oh.Crack band theory for fracture of concrete[J].Materials&
Structures,1983,16(3):155-177.)
2) according to stress equilibrium equationsIn time-domain, using explicit central difference method iteration
It solves, i.e.,ρ is density of solid in formula,For acceleration, α
For damped coefficient,For speed, σ is stress tensor, and f is physical strength, and u is displacement, and i is iterative steps, and Δ t is time step.It is logical
It crosses display algorithm and solves solids problem, including node accelerationNode speedModal displacement u.
3) flow equation of fluid in the crack provided according to Poiseuille's lawAnd mass conservation law
Fluid governing equation in the crack providedEstablish fluid flow fields equationIn formula, q is flow, and P is Fluid pressure, and x is any in fluid
A bit,H in formula1,h2,h3Respectively three orthogonal direction fracture widths, wherein h1=l <
ε″1〉,h2=l < ε "2〉,h3=l < ε "3>, ε "1,ε″2,ε″3For non-resilient principal strain,<x>=max (x, 0), l are that element characteristic is long
Degree, δijIt is Kronecker symbol, n is fracture planes normal vector, and γ is permeability, and μ is fluid kinematic viscosity coefficient；Whereinρ in formula0For the fluid density under zero pressure, k is the bulk modulus of fluid, i, j=1,2,3.Using implicit
Algorithm solves flow problem, including calculates flow q and pressure P；
4) transmit the result that solid and fluid solve and calculate separately fluid flow fields to the effect of solid stress field and
Effect of the solid stress field to fluid flow fields.
As shown in Fig. 2, fluid flow fields refer to the effect of solid stress field, and fluid flows in crack changes fluid
Pressure distribution, to influence the distribution of solid stress field in shale, be embodied in extra-stress σ hereinA.In turn, solid is answered
The field of force refers to that the fracture pattern in shale changes to change so as to cause fluid flowing to the effect of fluid flow fields.
The variation of fracture pattern is to be described by damaging, and the change of impairment parameter h will affect flow coefficient BijIt changes, from
And influence the variation of flow equation.Generally, constantly coupling interaction, this phase between fluid flow fields and solid stress field
Interaction passes through fluid flow fields to the extra-stress σ of solid stress field respectivelyAWith revised flowing under solid stress field action
Coefficient BijThe fluid of change flows to realize, and finally realizes the fluid and structural simulation in hydraulic fracturing.
Specifically, liquid flow equation is described using Poiseuille's law in crack, and three-dimensional space is represented byMaterial failure is to revised flow coefficient B under the effect damaging action of fluid flow fieldsijDescription,
InEffect of the damage to fluid flow fields is calculated using crack band model, that is, passes through three orthogonal fractures
The crack of Dispersed precipitate in solids is described, width can be defined as h1,h2,h3, it is that three orthogonal direction cracks are wide respectively
Degree, h1=l < ε "1〉,h2=l < ε "2〉,h3=l < ε "3>, h=h1+h2+h3, ε "1,ε″2,ε″3Indicate non-resilient principal strain,<x>=
Max (x, 0), l are element characteristic length.The flowing of fluid changes pressure distribution to affect the deformation of solid, fluid flow fields
The degree for generating additional stress on each crack and correspondingly increasing damage is acted in the form of pressure.Material failure for
The effect of solid stress field can use extra-stress under damaging actionDescription, whereinω in formulakIt is degree of injury variable,Wherein ε "kFor non-resilient principal strain, ε "k,breakIt is non-elastic break-down strain, δijIt is
Kronecker symbol.
In brief summary, pass through flow coefficient B modified after damage propatagtionijDamage is generated with seam fluid pressure additional
Stress fieldThe interaction of fluid flow fields and solid stress field is calculated, it is final to realize fluid structurecoupling problem in hydraulic fracturing
Numerical simulation.
The present invention provides a kind of effective numerical algorithm for the numerical simulation of fluid structurecoupling problem in hydraulic fracturing technology,
The algorithm can efficiently solve the instability problem of the fluid structurecoupling in current hydraulic fracturing numerical procedure；It is built with this
Vertical numerical value computing platform can simply and easily realize the numerical simulation of different operating conditions, easy to spread to be applied to practical shale gas
Exploitation engineering calculates and analysis.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any to repair
Change, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the construction method of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation in a kind of hydraulic fracturing, which comprises the following steps:
A) solids problem, including node acceleration, node speed, modal displacement are solved using display algorithm；
1) model parameter and recording program are determined according to Practical Project problem；
2) according to stress equilibrium equationsIn time-domain, iteratively solved using explicit central difference method,
I.e.ρ is density of solid in formula,For acceleration, α is resistance
Buddhist nun's coefficient,For speed, σ is stress tensor, and f is physical strength, and u is displacement, and i is iterative steps, and Δ t is time step；By aobvious
Show that algorithm solves solids problem, including node accelerationNode speedModal displacement u；
B) flow problem, including flow and pressure are solved using implicit algorithm；
C) fluid flow fields are calculated separately to the effect of solid stress field and solid stress field to fluid flow fields using crack band model
Effect, to realize fluid and structural simulation.
2. the construction method of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation, feature exist in a kind of hydraulic fracturing as described in claim 1
In the step b) specifically:
The flow equation of fluid in the crack provided according to Poiseuille's lawIt is provided with mass conservation law
Fluid governing equation in crackEstablish fluid flow fields equationQ is flow in formula, and P is Fluid pressure, and x is any one in fluid
Point,H in formula1,h2,h3Respectively three orthogonal direction fracture widths, wherein h1=l < ε "1
>,h2=l < ε "2>,h3=l < ε "3>, ε "1,ε″2,ε″3For non-resilient principal strain,<x>=max (x, 0),
L is element characteristic length, δijIt is Kronecker symbol, n is fracture planes normal vector, and γ is permeability, and μ is fluid
Coefficient of kinetic viscosity；Whereinρ in formula0For the fluid density under zero pressure, k is the bulk modulus of fluid, i,
J=1,2,3；Flow problem is solved using implicit algorithm, including calculates flow q and pressure P.
3. the construction method of fluid structurecoupling problem numerical simulation, feature exist in a kind of hydraulic fracturing as claimed in claim 2
In the step c) specifically:
It transmits the result that solid and fluid solve and calculates separately fluid flow fields and the effect of solid stress field and solid are answered
Effect of the field of force to fluid flow fields；
Material failure can use flow coefficient B revised under damaging action to the effect of fluid flow fieldsijDescription；Fluid flow fields are to solid
The effect of body stress field can use extra-stress under damaging actionDescription, wherein
Strain.
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| CN109472037A (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Shale gas reservoir man-made fracture parameter preferred method and system |
| CN108197358B (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2021-07-16 | 北京石油化工学院 | Method for efficiently and quickly simulating hydraulic fracturing |
| CN110017135B (en) * | 2019-02-15 | 2022-05-20 | 西南石油大学 | Method for predicting crack propagation pressure of well wall of fractured stratum |
| CN109902376B (en) * | 2019-02-25 | 2021-01-15 | 北京理工大学 | Fluid-solid coupling high-precision numerical simulation method based on continuous medium mechanics |
| CN112131802B (en) * | 2020-08-14 | 2023-09-05 | 山东大学 | Near-field dynamics based fractured rock mass seepage simulation method and system |
| CN113627062A (en) * | 2021-08-25 | 2021-11-09 | 王永亮 | Tension-shear multi-scale fracturing fracture simulation method based on double cohesion criterion |
| CN114950888B (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2023-04-07 | 昆山丘钛光电科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for determining pressure of needle cylinder of dispenser |
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| CN105550410A (en) * | 2015-12-07 | 2016-05-04 | 西南石油大学 | Method for calculating hydraulic fracturing inclined crack induced stress of shale reservoir |
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