CN106351609A - Array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device - Google Patents
Array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106351609A CN106351609A CN201611041976.9A CN201611041976A CN106351609A CN 106351609 A CN106351609 A CN 106351609A CN 201611041976 A CN201611041976 A CN 201611041976A CN 106351609 A CN106351609 A CN 106351609A
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- Prior art keywords
- ultrasonic
- transducer
- well
- remove
- ultrasonic transducer
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- Pending
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- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000026683 transduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010361 transduction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010356 wave oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B37/00—Methods or apparatus for cleaning boreholes or wells
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B28/00—Vibration generating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for stimulating production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device which comprises an ultrasonic signal generator, an explosion-proof cable, an ultrasonic transducer, and a protective housing. The array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device is characterized in that: the ultrasonic signal generator is connected with the ultrasonic transducer through the explosion-proof cable; the protective housing is arranged outside the ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is fixedly connected to the external wall of the outlet pipe of the oil well; distance between the ultrasonic transducers is an integral multiple of the wavelength thereof; the ultrasonic transducers are arranged in an array type on the external wall of the outlet pipe of the oil well. The array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device with the mentioned structure has the advantages of a simple structure, simple use method, good paraffin removal & control effects, and strong suitability, and can be used conveniently and effectively for paraffin removal and control in oil wells.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to control and remove of well paraffin equipment technology field, more particularly, to a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin
Device.
Background technology
During oil exploitation, when containing a certain amount of paraffin in crude oil just inevitably in oil well production pipeline
Middle formation wax deposition phenomenon, wax deposition be at first on tubing wall formed, and gradually form network structure make crude oil flow resistance increase,
When the brilliant amount of wax reaches to a certain degree, crude oil loses flowability and blocking flow passages, so that oil well is stopped production and affect the normal of oil field
Produce.
Solve the common method of oil well paraffinication at present: one kind is chemical method Paraffin Removal, the method is selecting chemical agent
The wax control of production well can preferably be solved the problems, such as with dosage when suitable, but relatively costly, and it is unfavorable for the guarantor of environment
Shield.Second method is hot fluid circulation wax removal, needs to increase hot car washing group and require oil well stopping production to carry out operation, reduces
Production efficiency simultaneously affects crude output, and the wax stone of dissolving enters stratum and can cause the hidden danger such as obstruction.The third method is magnetic paraffin control
Technology, this kind of technology application is wide, but its parameter selects to be difficult with oil well production situation complicated and changeable, its adaptability
Poor.And the 4th kind of method is hydrodynamic sound wave and eddy oscillating Paraffin Removal technology, but such technology is primarily adapted for use in and takes out
The producing well of oil pump lifting, the producing well for screw pump, electric submersible pump and gas-lift production mode etc. is inapplicable, and the scope of application is subject to
Certain restriction.Fifth method is mechanical type paraffin scraper, and the method is a kind of passive type when wax deposition reaches to a certain degree
Application, and is only applicable to flowing well, the wax stone scraping also easily blocking subterranean formations.The substantial amounts of spiral shell of physical presence in oilfield production
The wax deposition problem of the producing well of bar pump, electric submersible pump and gas-lift production mode does not also have the skill of preferable effectively solving control and remove of well paraffin
Art measure.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibrates control and remove of well paraffin device, solve control and remove of well paraffin device
Complexity, the low problem of efficiency.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibrates control and remove of well paraffin device, including ultrasonic
Signal generator, anti-explosion cable, ultrasonic transducer and protective housing, it is super with described that described supersonic signal generator passes through anti-explosion cable
Sonic transducer connects, and described protective housing is located at the outside of described ultrasonic transducer, and described ultrasonic transducer is fixedly connected on oil well
In fuel-displaced pipe outer wall, the distance between described ultrasonic transducer is the integral multiple of its wavelength, and described ultrasonic transducer is in described oil
It is in that array arranges in the fuel-displaced pipe outer wall of well.
Preferably, the distance between described two neighboring ultrasonic transducer is 7～15 centimetres.
Preferably, described array is arranged as linear array or circumference array.
Preferably, fuel-displaced pipe outer wall adopts gemel connection to described super transducer with described oil well.
Preferably, the frequency of described ultrasonic transducer is 23khz～68khz, and single supersonic transducer power is 50w.
Preferably, the number of described ultrasonic transducer is 3～6.
Preferably, the ultrasonic transducer battle array that described ultrasonic transducer is formed is 30～300 centimetres with the distance of well head.
Preferably, described supersonic signal generator can accomplished continuously or intermittently sex work.
Preferably, the material of protective housing is pvc, rustless steel or aluminium alloy.
The advantage of the invention and good effect are: the arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin that patent of the present invention provides
Device has that structure is simple, easy to use, Paraffin Removal effect is good, adaptable advantage.The ultrasonic transducer of patent of the present invention
According to its tranmitting frequency, linear or circumference array distribution in the fuel-displaced pipe outer wall of oil well, so can effectively strengthen ultrasound wave
Oscillation intensity, increases and vibrates effective propagation distance, thus improving the brilliant depth of effective process wax and effect.Below by accompanying drawing and
Embodiment, is described in further detail to technical scheme.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that a kind of arrayed ultrasonic of the present invention vibrates control and remove of well paraffin device embodiment；
Fig. 2 is that the ultrasonic transducer that a kind of arrayed ultrasonic of the present invention vibrates described in control and remove of well paraffin device embodiment one divides
Cloth schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is that the ultrasonic transducer that a kind of arrayed ultrasonic of the present invention vibrates described in control and remove of well paraffin device embodiment two divides
Cloth schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the transversal of the flowline that a kind of arrayed ultrasonic of the present invention vibrates described in control and remove of well paraffin device embodiment two
Face schematic diagram；
Reference
1st, wellhead tree tree；2nd, flowline；3rd, protective housing；4th, down-hole oil tube；5th, ultrasonic transducer；6th, anti-explosion cable；7、
Supersonic signal generator.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Below with reference to accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, it should be noted that the present embodiment is with this technology side
Premised on case, give detailed embodiment and specifically make process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this enforcement
Example.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 2 is that the ultrasonic transducer distribution of the embodiment of the present invention 1 is illustrated
Figure.As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibrates control and remove of well paraffin device, including supersonic signal generator 7, anti-explosion electric
Cable 6, ultrasonic transducer 5 and protective housing 3.Ultrasonic signal emission device 7 is connected with ultrasonic transducer 5 by anti-explosion cable 6, ultrasonic changes
Can device 5 be fixedly connected on oil well flowline 2 outer wall.
In the present embodiment, ultrasonic transducer 5 linear array arrangement along on flowline 2 length direction, two neighboring ultrasonic
Spacing between transducer 5 is the integral multiple of its wavelength, the spacing of ultrasonic transducer 5 refer to two ultrasonic transducer 5 centers it
Between distance, the vibration wave of ultrasound wave so can be made to overlap, play the effect that vibration is strengthened, the further wax removal and anti-of strengthening
The effect of wax is it is contemplated that the size of the length of ultrasonic transducer 5 itself and whole device, the distance between adjacent ultrasonic transducer
It is preferably 7～15 centimetres.In view of the power limited of single ultrasonic transducer 5, in order to increase effective propagation distance, ultrasonic transduction
The number of device 5 is preferably 3～6, and its tranmitting frequency is 23khz～68khz, and single ultrasonic transducer 5 power is 50w.Ultrasonic
Transducer 5 and oil well flowline 2 outer wall adopt gemel connection, connect very convenient.Ultrasonic transducer battle array and the distance foundation of well head
The thickness of well head pipeline setting, shorten as far as possible in the case of the requirement meeting scene ultrasonic transducer battle array and well head it
Between distance, its value be preferably 30～300 centimetres.
Protective housing 3 covers on the outside of ultrasonic transducer battle array, to protect the long-term normal work of ultrasonic transducer 5, because special
Working environment, the water proof fire retardant Heat sink material such as protective housing 3 pvc to be selected, rustless steel makes.Ultrasonic signal emission device 7 can
To select accomplished continuously or intermittently two kinds of working methods, wax layer on more preferable removing tubing wall can be reached from continuously-running duty
Effect, the service life that can extend ultrasonic transducer 5 from service intermittent mode also has preferable wax control result.This
The arrayed ultrasonic of bright patent disclosure vibrates to supersonic signal generator 7 and being connected with explosion-proof electric control box in control and remove of well paraffin device
Connect circuit to be protected, also meet the requirement of well site connection electricity.
Arrayed ultrasonic vibrates work process and the principle of control and remove of well paraffin device: supersonic signal generator 7 sends first
The signal of telecommunication is sent to ultrasonic transducer battle array via anti-explosion cable 6, and excitation ultrasound transducer 5 produces ultrasonic activation.Ultrasonic transduction
The supersonic vibration ripple of device 5 transmitting with its intrinsic frequency through oil pipe and two paths of tube fluid from well head flowline 2 through well head
Production tree 1 is propagated to down-hole oil tube 4, in this communication process through tube wall propagate vibration wave with much faster speed to down-hole
The frequency vibration propagating and causing oil pipe to be excited, because the dither of tube wall makes waxy crude oil be difficult to glue on tube wall
Attached.Propagated to down-hole along the vibration wave that tube fluid is propagated with the velocity of sound in a fluid, the vibration of tube fluid can improve wax
Dissolubility prevent the generation of its crystalline polamer, under the mechanism of vibration wave, heat effect and cavitation, absorption of fluids is shaken
Energy makes the rheological characteristic of fluid change to reach the purpose of molten wax and wax control.Because the medium that vibration wave is propagated is different,
Its attenuation law is also different, and along tube wall propagation because decaying little so that propagates is farther, the depth being capable of effectively arrival is deeper.Super
Sonic vibration is issued to the purpose of Methods for Paraffin Removal and Inhibition in the collective effect of oil pipe and two propagated of tube fluid.
Embodiment two
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention, and Fig. 3 is that the ultrasonic transducer distribution of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is illustrated
Figure, Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of the flowline of the embodiment of the present invention 2.Shown as shown in Figure 1, Figure 3 and Figure 4, a kind of arrayed ultrasonic
Vibration control and remove of well paraffin device, including supersonic signal generator 7, anti-explosion cable 6, ultrasonic transducer 5 and protective housing 3.Ultrasonic letter
Number emitter 7 is connected with ultrasonic transducer 5 by anti-explosion cable 6, and ultrasonic transducer 5 is fixedly connected on oil well flowline 2 outer wall
On.
Ultrasonic transducer 5 circumferentially array arrangement on flowline 2 in the present embodiment, along flowline 2 circumferencial direction and length
The spacing between two neighboring ultrasonic transducer 5 on degree direction is the integral multiple of its wavelength, and the spacing of ultrasonic transducer 5 is
Refer to the distance between two ultrasonic transducer 5 centers, the vibration wave of ultrasound wave so can be made to overlap, play the work that vibration is strengthened
With, the further effect strengthening wax removal and wax control it is contemplated that the size of the length of ultrasonic transducer 5 itself and whole device,
The distance between adjacent ultrasonic transducer is preferably 7～15 centimetres.In view of the power limited of single ultrasonic transducer 5, in order to
Increase effective propagation distance, the number of ultrasonic transducer 5 is preferably 3～6, and its tranmitting frequency is 23khz～68khz, single
Ultrasonic transducer 5 power is 50w.Ultrasonic transducer 5 and oil well flowline 2 outer wall adopt gemel connection, connect very convenient.Ultrasonic
Transducer array to be set according to the thickness of well head pipeline with the distance of well head, in the case of the requirement meeting scene as far as possible
Shorten the distance between ultrasonic transducer battle array and well head, its value is preferably 30～300 centimetres.
Protective housing 3 covers on the outside of ultrasonic transducer battle array, to protect the long-term normal work of ultrasonic transducer 5, because special
Working environment, the water proof fire retardant Heat sink material such as protective housing 3 pvc to be selected, rustless steel makes.Ultrasonic signal emission device 7 can
To select accomplished continuously or intermittently two kinds of working methods, wax layer on more preferable removing tubing wall can be reached from continuously-running duty
Effect, the service life that can extend ultrasonic transducer 5 from service intermittent mode also has preferable wax control result.This
The arrayed ultrasonic of bright patent disclosure vibrates to supersonic signal generator 7 and being connected with explosion-proof electric control box in control and remove of well paraffin device
Connect circuit to be protected, also meet the requirement of well site connection electricity.
Therefore, the present invention adopts the arrayed ultrasonic of said structure to vibrate control and remove of well paraffin device, has that structure is simple, makes
With facilitating, Paraffin Removal effect is good, adaptable advantage, can easily and effectively reach paraffin removal from oil well and the purpose of wax control.
Finally it is noted that above example is only in order to illustrate technical scheme rather than to be limited,
Although being described in detail to the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those within the art that: its according to
So technical scheme can be modified or equivalent, and these modifications or equivalent also can not make to repair
Technical scheme after changing departs from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibrates control and remove of well paraffin device, including supersonic signal generator, anti-explosion cable, ultrasonic transducer
With protective housing it is characterised in that: described supersonic signal generator is connected with described ultrasonic transducer by anti-explosion cable, described anti-
Protecting box is located at the outside of described ultrasonic transducer, and described ultrasonic transducer is fixedly connected in the fuel-displaced pipe outer wall of oil well, described super
The distance between sonic transducer is the integral multiple of its wavelength, and described ultrasonic transducer is in array in the fuel-displaced pipe outer wall of described oil well
Formula arranges.
2. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described adjacent
The distance between two ultrasonic transducers are 7～15 centimetres.
3. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described array
Formula is arranged as linear array or circumference array.
4. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described super
Fuel-displaced pipe outer wall is connect transducer with gluing with described oil well.
5. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described ultrasonic
The frequency of transducer is 23khz～68khz, and single supersonic transducer power is 50w.
6. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described ultrasonic
The number of transducer is 3～6.
7. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described ultrasonic
The ultrasonic transducer battle array that transducer is formed is 30～300 centimetres with the distance of well head.
8. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described ultrasonic
Signal generator can accomplished continuously or intermittently sex work.
9. a kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibration control and remove of well paraffin device according to claim 1 it is characterised in that: described protection
The material of case is pvc, rustless steel or aluminium alloy.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611041976.9A CN106351609A (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611041976.9A CN106351609A (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106351609A true CN106351609A (en) | 2017-01-25 |
Family
ID=57862585
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611041976.9A Pending CN106351609A (en) | 2016-11-24 | 2016-11-24 | Array type ultrasonic vibration oil well paraffin removal & control device |
Country Status (1)
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| CN (1) | CN106351609A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106969234A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-07-21 | 北京顺风光热科技有限公司 | A kind of antiscale and bactericidal unit for pipeline |
| CN108590585A (en) * | 2018-04-14 | 2018-09-28 | 魏霞 | Well mouth of oil well ultrasonic wave wax-proof viscosity reducing equipment |
| CN109853532A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-07 | 浙江大学城市学院 | It is a kind of ultrasound wave disturbance cleaning slurry coat method sink to the bottom device and construction method |
| CN111622712A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-04 | 湖北洁能工程技术开发公司 | Well pipe device is washd in regeneration of water heat source well |
| CN113236186A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 东北石油大学 | Oil well casing paraffin removal scale removal device based on ultrasonic technology |
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| WO1999057482A1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-11 | Expro North Sea Limited | Apparatus and method for dispersing agglomerates |
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| CN202031543U (en) * | 2011-03-06 | 2011-11-09 | 许明清 | Paraffin preventer for ultrasonic oil well |
| CN203115501U (en) * | 2013-03-20 | 2013-08-07 | 西南石油大学 | Ultrasonic wave crude oil conveying pipeline viscosity-reducing and paraffin-controlling device |
| CN104863546A (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2015-08-26 | 山东鑫茂奥奈特复合固体润滑工程技术有限公司 | Permanent magnet ultrasonic paraffin control device |
| CN206513351U (en) * | 2016-11-24 | 2017-09-22 | 中国石油大学(华东) | A kind of arrayed ultrasonic vibrates control and remove of well paraffin device |
-
2016
- 2016-11-24 CN CN201611041976.9A patent/CN106351609A/en active Pending
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| WO1999057482A1 (en) * | 1998-05-01 | 1999-11-11 | Expro North Sea Limited | Apparatus and method for dispersing agglomerates |
| CN2911173Y (en) * | 2006-05-26 | 2007-06-13 | 孙卫 | Ultrasonic visbreaking device |
| CN202031543U (en) * | 2011-03-06 | 2011-11-09 | 许明清 | Paraffin preventer for ultrasonic oil well |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106969234A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-07-21 | 北京顺风光热科技有限公司 | A kind of antiscale and bactericidal unit for pipeline |
| CN108590585A (en) * | 2018-04-14 | 2018-09-28 | 魏霞 | Well mouth of oil well ultrasonic wave wax-proof viscosity reducing equipment |
| CN109853532A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-07 | 浙江大学城市学院 | It is a kind of ultrasound wave disturbance cleaning slurry coat method sink to the bottom device and construction method |
| CN111622712A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-09-04 | 湖北洁能工程技术开发公司 | Well pipe device is washd in regeneration of water heat source well |
| CN111622712B (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2024-06-04 | 湖北省地源洁能工程有限公司 | Water heat source well regeneration cleaning well pipe device |
| CN113236186A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 东北石油大学 | Oil well casing paraffin removal scale removal device based on ultrasonic technology |
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Application publication date: 20170125 |
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