CN106350195B - 一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法 - Google Patents

一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法 Download PDF

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CN106350195B
CN106350195B CN201610719321.6A CN201610719321A CN106350195B CN 106350195 B CN106350195 B CN 106350195B CN 201610719321 A CN201610719321 A CN 201610719321A CN 106350195 B CN106350195 B CN 106350195B
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胡坤宏
史彬
郭建华
陆紫嫣
胡恩柱
江文
徐勇
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Hefei College
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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Abstract

一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法,涉及润滑剂技术领域。本发明是先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中经过长期存放处理,然后将二硫化钼纳米微粒添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,经过超声分散后,获得稳定的蓝色透明分散液,该蓝色透明分散液具有优良的润滑性能;上述蓝色透明分散液能与聚α烯烃类润滑油互溶,从而获得稳定的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃透明分散液,该分散液也具有优良的润滑性能。这种达到溶液级分散的透明分散液经过长期存放后也无二硫化钼纳米微粒析出,对机械设备的油路不会造成堵塞,具有良好的应用价值。

Description

一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的 方法
技术领域
本发明涉及润滑剂技术领域,具体是涉及一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法。
背景技术
二硫化钼具有典型的层状六方晶体结构,层与层之间是通过弱的范德华力结合,在摩擦过程中易滑移,摩擦系数低,是常用的固体润滑剂之一。近年来随着纳米技术的不断发展,已经可以通过多种化学或物理的方法合成二硫化钼纳米微粒,近期一些研究表明二硫化钼纳米微粒的润滑性能一般要优于工业上常用的微米级的二硫化钼微粒,但二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中难以分散,一直限制了其在工业中的应用,从而难以取代润滑油中的常用的有机钼添加剂。
目前已有一些工作尝试各种方法在润滑油中分散二硫化钼纳米微粒,申请号为201010286117.2的中国专利提出以苯乙烯为主要原料,偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,在纳米二硫化钼粉体表面获得改性聚合物层,从而实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在乙醇及油中的分散。上述分散方法需要消耗多种有机试剂,分散过程伴随着化学反应,分散成本高,操作复杂。
另外,最近一些文献报道二硫化钼纳米微粒在菜籽油(Tribology Letters,2013,49:513–524)与癸二酸二酯润滑油(Tribology International,2015,92:172–183)中具有良好的分散性,文献作者将二硫化钼纳米微粒直接添加到菜籽油与癸二酸二酯中,再经超声后获得稳定的悬浮液,上述方法获得的分散体系是固体颗粒悬浮在润滑油中,没有达到二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中的溶液级分散,若直接应用在机械设备中,悬浮的固体微粒将可能对油路产生堵塞。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的上述缺陷,本发明的目的之一在于提供一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法,为实现该目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法,首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散得到蓝色透明的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯分散液,该分散液中二硫化钼纳米微粒可达到溶液级分散。
进一步的,将蓝色透明分散液分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中,得到二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃分散液,该分散液中二硫化钼纳米微粒可达到溶液级分散。
进一步的,存放的潮湿环境是指含有大量水气的环境,在正常的空气中,空气的相对湿度不小于50%;在无空气中的环境中,水气的分压不小于存放温度下水的饱和蒸汽压的50%。
优选的,二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放的时间不低于1周。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种具有优良润滑性能的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯分散液及其制备方法,为实现该目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种具有优良润滑性能的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯分散液,将经过潮湿环境中静置存放的二硫化钼纳米微粒分散在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中得到,二硫化钼纳米微粒在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中分散比例为10%以下(即两者最多可按照1:9重量比分散)。
所述分散液的制备方法,首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放不低于1周,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散即可;存放的潮湿环境是指含有大量水气的环境,在正常的空气中,空气的相对湿度不小于50%;在无空气中的环境中,水气的分压不小于存放温度下水的饱和蒸汽压的50%。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种具有优良润滑性能的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃分散液及其制备方法,为实现该目的,本发明采用了以下技术方案:
一种具有优良润滑性能的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃分散液,将经过潮湿环境中静置存放的二硫化钼纳米微粒分散在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中得到蓝色透明分散液,然后将蓝色透明分散液分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中得到;二硫化钼纳米微粒在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中分散比例为10%以下,而含二硫化钼微粒的癸二酸二酯(即蓝色透明分散液)在聚α烯烃类润滑油中分散比例为50%以下(即两者最多可按照1:1重量比分散)。
所述分散液的制备方法,首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放不低于1周,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散得到蓝色透明分散液;然后将蓝色透明分散液分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中即可;存放的潮湿环境是指含有大量水气的环境,在正常的空气中,空气的相对湿度不小于50%;在无空气中的环境中,水气的分压不小于存放温度下水的饱和蒸汽压的50%。
通常认为二硫化钼在潮湿富水环境中润滑性能下降明显,本发明打破常规,增加了将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中长期存放的步骤。通过水气缓慢活化二硫化钼纳米微粒,二硫化钼纳米微粒与水分作用后会形成表面带电荷的接近离子型的纳米微粒,添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中后,形成类似溶液的蓝色透明分散液,特别是获得的蓝色分散液可与聚α烯烃互溶,可实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在聚α烯烃类润滑油中的溶液级的稳定分散。合成酯(如癸二酸二酯)与聚α烯烃是当前机械与汽车工业最常用的两种合成基础油,本方法得到的无悬浮固体的溶液级分散体系不仅润滑性能优良,还不会堵塞润滑油路系统,可以取代目前常用的有机钼润滑剂,在机械与汽车工业具有良好的应用前景。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果表现在:
1)、本发明是先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中经过长期存放处理,然后将二硫化钼纳米微粒添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油(如癸二酸二庚酯、癸二酸二戊酯、癸二酸二辛酯等)中,经过超声分散后,获得稳定的蓝色透明分散液,该蓝色透明分散液具有优良的润滑性能;上述蓝色透明分散液能与聚α烯烃类润滑油(如PAO-2、4、6、10等)互溶,从而获得稳定的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃透明分散液,该分散液也具有优良的润滑性能。
2)、本发明提供了一种在癸二酸二酯与聚α烯烃类润滑油中分散二硫化钼纳米微粒的方法,以及通过该方法获得的稳定的透明分散液。这种达到溶液级分散的透明分散液经过长期存放后也无二硫化钼纳米微粒析出,对机械设备的油路不会造成堵塞,具有良好的应用价值。
3)、本发明所用的润滑油为癸二酸二酯类与聚α烯烃类润滑油,其中癸二酸二酯类润滑油既可单独作为分散二硫化钼纳米微粒的润滑油,也可作为二硫化钼纳米微粒在聚α烯烃类润滑油中分散的中间介质,即可以携带二硫化钼纳米微粒分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中。
附图说明
图1是以DOS癸二酸二异辛酯与PAO聚α烯烃为基础油,通过本发明提供的方法获得的两种透明的分散液与纯的DOS癸二酸二异辛酯外观对比。纯DOS癸二酸二异辛酯(图1a)为透明无色液。利用本方法获得的二硫化钼纳米微粒与癸二酸二异辛酯形成的两组分蓝色分散液(图1b),以及蓝色分散液溶解在PAO聚α烯烃得到的三组分透明分散液(图1c)均无色透明。
具体实施方式
实施例1
称取2.0g二硫化钼纳米微粒置于500mL敞口的烧杯中,再将烧杯置于室内,室内相对湿度保持在50%,30天后取出盛有二硫化钼纳米微粒的烧杯,向烧杯内加入200g癸二酸二异辛酯,再经超声分散30min,得到稳定的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二异辛酯蓝色透明两组分分散液。
实施例2
称取0.5g二硫化钼纳米微粒置于500mL敞口的烧杯中,再将烧杯置于一密闭容器中,容器内相对湿度保持在75%,1周后取出盛有二硫化钼纳米微粒的烧杯,向烧杯内加入200g癸二酸二庚酯,再经超声分散30min,静置至上层透明,利用倾倒法去除下层少量难以分散的微粒,得到液体为透明蓝色分散液,取上述蓝色分散液10g加入到100g的PAO-2聚α烯烃中,经搅拌后得到稳定的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二庚酯/PAO-2聚α烯烃透明三组分分散液。
实施例3
称取2.0g二硫化钼纳米微粒置于500mL敞口的烧杯中,再将烧杯置于室内,室内相对湿度保持在80%,30天后取出盛有二硫化钼纳米微粒的烧杯,向烧杯内加入200g癸二酸二戊酯,再经超声分散40min,得到透明蓝色分散液,取上述蓝色分散液50g加入到60g的PAO-10聚α烯烃中,经搅拌后得到稳定的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二戊酯/PAO-10聚α烯烃透明三组分分散液。
实施例4
称取4.0g二硫化钼纳米微粒置于500mL敞口的烧杯中,再将烧杯置于一真空干燥箱内,箱内放置液态水,保持水的分压为其饱和分压的60%,15天后取出盛有二硫化钼纳米微粒的烧杯,向烧杯内加入200g癸二酸二辛酯,再经超声分散30min,静置至上层透明,利用倾倒法去除下层少量难以分散的微粒,得到液体为透明蓝色分散液,取上述蓝色分散液30g加入到100g的PAO-4聚α烯烃中,经搅拌后得到稳定的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二辛酯/PAO-4聚α烯烃透明三组分分散液。

Claims (5)

1.一种实现二硫化钼纳米微粒在润滑油中达到溶液级分散的方法,其特征在于:首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放不低于1周,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散得到蓝色透明的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯分散液,该分散液中二硫化钼纳米微粒可达到溶液级分散;二硫化钼纳米微粒在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中分散比例为10%以下;
或者,首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放不低于1周,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散得到蓝色透明的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯分散液;最后将蓝色透明分散液分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中,得到二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃分散液,该分散液中二硫化钼纳米微粒可达到溶液级分散;二硫化钼纳米微粒在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中分散比例为10%以下,蓝色透明分散液在聚α烯烃类润滑油中分散比例为50%以下;
存放的潮湿环境是指含有大量水气的环境,在正常的空气中,空气的相对湿度不小于50%;在无空气中的环境中,水气的分压不小于存放温度下水的饱和蒸汽压的50%。
2.一种具有优良润滑性能的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯分散液,其特征在于:将经过潮湿环境中静置存放的二硫化钼纳米微粒分散在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中得到,二硫化钼纳米微粒在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中分散比例为10%以下;存放的潮湿环境是指含有大量水气的环境,在正常的空气中,空气的相对湿度不小于50%;在无空气中的环境中,水气的分压不小于存放温度下水的饱和蒸汽压的50%。
3.一种制备如权利要求2所述分散液的方法,其特征在于:首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放不低于1周,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散即可。
4.一种具有优良润滑性能的二硫化钼纳米微粒/癸二酸二酯/聚α烯烃分散液,其特征在于:将经过潮湿环境中静置存放的二硫化钼纳米微粒分散在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中得到蓝色透明分散液,然后将蓝色透明分散液分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中得到;二硫化钼纳米微粒在癸二酸二酯类润滑油中分散比例为10%以下,蓝色透明分散液在聚α烯烃类润滑油中分散比例为50%以下;存放的潮湿环境是指含有大量水气的环境,在正常的空气中,空气的相对湿度不小于50%;在无空气中的环境中,水气的分压不小于存放温度下水的饱和蒸汽压的50%。
5.一种制备如权利要求4所述分散液的方法,其特征在于:首先将二硫化钼纳米微粒在潮湿环境中静置存放不低于1周,然后将其添加到癸二酸二酯类润滑油中,超声分散得到蓝色透明分散液;然后将蓝色透明分散液分散在聚α烯烃类润滑油中即可。
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