CN106344245B - 颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫 - Google Patents

颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫 Download PDF

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CN106344245B
CN106344245B CN201610846113.2A CN201610846113A CN106344245B CN 106344245 B CN106344245 B CN 106344245B CN 201610846113 A CN201610846113 A CN 201610846113A CN 106344245 B CN106344245 B CN 106344245B
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spinal cord
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CN106344245A (zh
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刘洋
张斌
杨蕊
史建刚
李雪玉
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Second Affiliated Hospital Army Medical University
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    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/04—Devices for stretching or reducing fractured limbs; Devices for distractions; Splints
    • A61F5/042—Devices for stretching or reducing fractured limbs; Devices for distractions; Splints for extension or stretching
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
    • A61F5/01—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces
    • A61F5/0102—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations
    • A61F5/0104—Orthopaedic devices, e.g. splints, casts or braces specially adapted for correcting deformities of the limbs or for supporting them; Ortheses, e.g. with articulations without articulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05707—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with integral, body-bearing projections or protuberances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G7/00—Beds specially adapted for nursing; Devices for lifting patients or disabled persons
    • A61G7/05—Parts, details or accessories of beds
    • A61G7/057—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor
    • A61G7/05769—Arrangements for preventing bed-sores or for supporting patients with burns, e.g. mattresses specially adapted therefor with inflatable chambers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/10—General characteristics of devices characterised by specific control means, e.g. for adjustment or steering
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/30—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means
    • A61G2203/34—General characteristics of devices characterised by sensor means for pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2203/00—General characteristics of devices
    • A61G2203/70—General characteristics of devices with special adaptations, e.g. for safety or comfort
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61G—TRANSPORT, PERSONAL CONVEYANCES, OR ACCOMMODATION SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PATIENTS OR DISABLED PERSONS; OPERATING TABLES OR CHAIRS; CHAIRS FOR DENTISTRY; FUNERAL DEVICES
    • A61G2210/00—Devices for specific treatment or diagnosis
    • A61G2210/10—Devices for specific treatment or diagnosis for orthopedics

Abstract

本发明涉及颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，底座固定支撑头部垫和气囊，底座包括颈部底座和头部底座，颈部底座为斜坡状，斜坡的顶部设有支撑颈段脊髓的凸起，头部底座为板状，颈部底座和头部底座的连接处为断崖式；头部垫支撑头部的软垫；气囊数量为两个，分别固定在斜坡的顶部的两侧。患者通过头部垫防止长时间压疮的产生，患者的颈段脊髓由斜坡的顶部凸起支撑，两侧由气囊夹紧，防止患者长时间牵引时动作，影响牵引效果，加大损伤。本发明防止压疮产生，保护颈部。

Description

颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫
技术领域
本发明涉及，特别是一种防止压疮产生，保护颈部的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫。
背景技术
颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引术：颈椎骨折脊髓损伤病人，伤后大多发生四肢瘫、尿潴留和肋间肌麻痹、呼吸无力，尤其是高位颈髓损伤，呼吸更加困难，而且由于颈椎不稳定，还可加重颈髓损伤，致使伤情更趋严重。为了迅速稳定病情，需及早进行颅骨牵引，同时行膀胱留置导尿和气管切开等应急措施。颅骨牵引自Crutchfield 1933年报告以来，临床应用已很普遍，牵引后脱位颈椎可以复位，因而减轻或消除脊髓的受压，并可防止骨折椎骨移动而加重脊髓损伤。此法仍是目前颈椎骨折脊髓损伤的有效治疗方法颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引术适用于：1.颈椎骨折或骨折脱位伴有脊髓损伤者。2.颈椎脱位、关节交锁伴有脊髓损伤者。3.颈椎损伤后复位，但仍存在不稳定，伴有脊髓损伤者。
手术步骤：1.钻孔位置，2.安置牵引钳，3.牵引，4.颈椎复位，5.牵引时间。术中注意行颅骨钻孔时，应多次拿出钻头观察钻入深度，防止穿破硬脑膜引起颅内出血和感染。术后处理注意牵引钳两齿钉的位置，如有松动时可以旋紧；如齿钉脱出时应重新置入。并发症：硬脑膜损伤时，可发生出血、脑脊液漏和化脓性脑膜炎，需重新更换牵引钳位置。
颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引术难度大，对患者的损伤大，牵引时间长，牵引过程中患者头部受到较大拉力和压力，头部支撑点易产生压疮，颈部易产生不适，而现有技术中缺少防止压疮产生，保护颈部的设备。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种防止压疮产生，保护颈部的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫。
颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，包括：
底座，所述底座固定支撑头部垫和气囊，底座包括颈部底座和头部底座，所述颈部底座为斜坡状，斜坡的顶部设有支撑颈段脊髓的凸起，所述头部底座为板状，所述颈部底座和头部底座的连接处为断崖式；
头部垫，所述头部垫支撑头部的软垫；
气囊，所述气囊数量为两个，分别固定在斜坡的顶部的两侧。
所述底座的上部设有保护软垫层。
所述头部垫为圆环形。
所述头部垫的上部设有保护软垫层。
所述气囊的上部设有紧贴人体颈部形状的弧线，气囊之间组成顶部开口的拱形。
所述气囊通过充气开关连接气泵，气囊上设有气压传感器，所述气压传感器连接控制器，所述控制器分别连接充气开关和液晶显示器。
所述控制器包括计时模块，所述液晶显示器(8)为显示、设置时间和气压的交互装置。
所述充气开关和气压传感器为两组，分别与两个气囊连接，分别连接控制器。
本发明底座固定支撑头部垫和气囊，底座包括颈部底座和头部底座，颈部底座为斜坡状，斜坡的顶部设有支撑颈段脊髓的凸起，头部底座为板状，颈部底座和头部底座的连接处为断崖式；头部垫支撑头部的软垫；气囊数量为两个，分别固定在斜坡的顶部的两侧。患者通过头部垫防止长时间压疮的产生，患者的颈段脊髓由斜坡的顶部凸起支撑，两侧由气囊夹紧，防止患者长时间牵引时动作，影响牵引效果，加大损伤。本发明防止压疮产生，保护颈部。
附图说明
图1为本发明的立体图；
图2为本发明的俯视图；
图3为A-A的剖视图；
图4为B-B的剖面图；
图5为C-C的剖面图；
图6为气囊的连接关系图；
图7为颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引术的示意图；
图8为颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引术的局部示意图；
图中：1、底座，2、头部垫，3、气囊，11、颈部底座,12、头部底座,4、充气开关，5、气泵，6、气压传感器，7、控制器，8、液晶显示器。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。
实施例1：
颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，包括：底座1，底座1固定支撑头部垫2和气囊3，底座1包括颈部底座11和头部底座12，颈部底座11为斜坡状，斜坡的顶部设有支撑颈段脊髓的凸起，头部底座12为板状，颈部底座11和头部底座12的连接处为断崖式；头部垫2，头部垫2支撑头部的软垫；气囊3，气囊3数量为两个，分别固定在斜坡的顶部的两侧。
底座1的上部设有保护软垫层。头部垫2为圆环形。头部垫2的上部设有保护软垫层。气囊3的上部设有紧贴人体颈部形状的弧线，气囊3之间组成顶部开口的拱形。
气囊3通过充气开关4连接气泵5，气囊3上设有气压传感器6，气压传感器6连接控制器7，控制器7分别连接充气开关4和液晶显示器8。控制器7包括计时模块，液晶显示器8为显示、设置时间和气压的交互装置。充气开关4和气压传感器6为两组，分别与两个气囊3连接，分别连接控制器7。
气囊3的气压通过气压传感器6转化为电信号，送给控制器7，再由控制器7送给液晶显示器8显示。当患者感知气压过高或过低时，通过液晶显示器8输入调整后的气压信号，送入控制器7，控制器7通过调节充气开关4的开关调节气压。气囊3，充气开关4，气压传感器6和控制器7组成一个闭环反馈系统。同时控制器7设有计时模块，具有计时功能，配合液晶显示器8的交互功能，对气压的状态进行监控。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等同物界定。

Claims (8)

1.颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，包括：
底座(1)，所述底座(1)固定支撑头部垫(2)和气囊(3)，底座(1)包括颈部底座(11)和头部底座(12)，所述颈部底座(11)为斜坡状，斜坡的顶部设有支撑颈段脊髓的凸起，所述头部底座(12)为板状，所述颈部底座(11)和头部底座(12)的连接处为断崖式；
头部垫(2)，所述头部垫(2)支撑头部的软垫；
气囊(3)，所述气囊(3)数量为两个，分别固定在斜坡的顶部的两侧。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述底座(1)的上部设有保护软垫层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述头部垫(2)为圆环形。
4.根据权利要求1所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述头部垫(2)的上部设有保护软垫层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述气囊(3)的上部设有紧贴人体颈部形状的弧线，气囊(3)之间组成顶部开口的拱形。
6.根据权利要求1所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述气囊(3)通过充气开关(4)连接气泵(5)，气囊(3)上设有气压传感器(6)，所述气压传感器(6)连接控制器(7)，所述控制器(7)分别连接充气开关(4)和液晶显示器(8)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述控制器(7)包括计时模块，所述液晶显示器(8)为显示、设置时间和气压的交互装置。
8.根据权利要求6所述的颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫，其特征在于，所述充气开关(4)和气压传感器(6)为两组，分别与两个气囊(3)连接，分别连接控制器(7)。
CN201610846113.2A 2016-09-23 2016-09-23 颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫 Expired - Fee Related CN106344245B (zh)

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GB0303466D0 (en) * 2003-02-14 2003-03-19 Smith Paul Inflatable traction cushion
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CN203226930U (zh) * 2012-12-31 2013-10-09 杨海淦 颈椎牵引器
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CN204995629U (zh) * 2015-09-25 2016-01-27 山西仁和圣康医疗器械有限公司 多功能颈腰治疗仪
CN206355203U (zh) * 2016-09-23 2017-07-28 中国人民解放军第二军医大学第二附属医院 颈段脊髓损伤颅骨牵引垫

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