CN106341068A - Switching apparatus for motor wide speed - Google Patents
Switching apparatus for motor wide speed Download PDFInfo
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- CN106341068A CN106341068A CN201610899171.1A CN201610899171A CN106341068A CN 106341068 A CN106341068 A CN 106341068A CN 201610899171 A CN201610899171 A CN 201610899171A CN 106341068 A CN106341068 A CN 106341068A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
- H02P25/16—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring
- H02P25/18—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays
- H02P25/188—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the circuit arrangement or by the kind of wiring with arrangements for switching the windings, e.g. with mechanical switches or relays wherein the motor windings are switched from series to parallel or vice versa to control speed or torque
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- Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a switching apparatus for a motor wide speed. The switching apparatus comprises a dynamic power supply module, a serial-parallel switching module and a PWM modulation and power driving module, wherein the serial-parallel switching module comprises N switching units, each switching unit comprises a first diverter switch, a second diverter switch and a third diverter switch, and the PWM modulation and power driving module is connected with the dynamic power supply module and the serial-parallel switching module. According to the invention, what is needed is only one independent dynamic power supply, the structure is simple, the cost is quite low, and the diverter switches are not damaged. Through controlling switching-on and switching-off of the diverter switches in the serial-parallel switching module, multiple serial-parallel states can be realized. Under the condition of quite a lot of motor windings in particular, the high-efficient rotating speed area of a motor can be enlarged by times, and the performance of the motor is greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric motor and controller field, particularly relate to a kind of switching device for motor width speed.
Background technology
It is known that there is a scope in the peak efficiency rotating speed area of motor, when super going beyond the scope, the efficiency of motor
Drastically decline, in most cases, motor can only design according under the longest certain rotating speed of working time in operating mode.And tradition is single
The motor of winding, in order to take into account efficiency during motor torque and low speed during low speed, often all limits maximum speed.
And motor efficiency at the low rotational speed low be that composite factor causes, mainly have following several reason:
1. existing all kinds motor is all to produce magnetic field using electric current by conductive coil, and using this magnetic field and
Another magnetic field or magnetic circuit are had an effect power, and then produce torque and carry out pushing motor and rotate.
Magnetic field intensity h that coil produces can be represented with below equation
H=nc×in×ufe
N in formulacRepresent the number of turn of coil, inRepresent the electric current flowing through coil, if cored, ufeRepresent iron core
Magnetic conductivity.In the case that magnetic conductivity is a constant.Determine that magnetic field intensity is the product of electric current and coil turn, both ampere-turns
Number.Although the computing formula of the torque that various motors produce because of magnetic field intensity h is different, all it is directly proportional to the size of h.Electric current stream
Cross coil to limit because of the heating of the reasons such as resistance, vortex, its electric current is also conditional.So the torque capacity of general motor
Namely 3 to 6 times of nominal torque.Torque is restricted, and speed is again very low, is multiplied by, as speed, the output work that torque is motor
Rate is just very low, also result in electric efficiency low.
2. motor compared with low velocity when, self induction electromotive force eφRelatively low, and the supply voltage of the controller of motor or frequency converter
epIt is substantially invariable, flow through the electric current i of motor coiln=(ep-eφ)/rf, r in formulafEquiva lent impedance for coil.Because of eφ
Very little, electric current i nownCan be very big, so the mode typically all employing pwm modulation in controller carrys out control electric current, essence
Meaning is exactly to produce same machine torque effect on motor with interrupted stronger pulse current, to substitute continuously relatively
Weaker electric current.Although (due to inductance effect and the afterflow effect of the power tube of controller of coil, adding that pwm frequency is enough
Height, in coil, flowing is also relatively continuous electric current, but the pulse energy also or from power supply for the part energy of afterflow
Amount).It is to work as e that this mode carrys out resultp-eφVoltage difference bigger, rfEquiva lent impedance r of coilfMore hour, its pwm dutycycle is got over
Little, that is, the time of pulse is shorter, and the current value of pulse is higher.And the energy of this current impulse remove a part conversion in order to
Effectively outside mechanical work, other are all converted to following several energy dissipation and fall:
The various mechanically and electrically magnetic harmonic waves that a: high energy pulse produces, consumption in the form of generating heat and radiating.
B: because electric current is in the growth of ohmically hot-cast socket one-tenth square times, the peak value of current impulse is bigger, and whole electric current returns
The caloric value on road is higher.
C: because rotor is mechanical, rotor has mass inertia, according to physical law, the energy of this intermittence pushes away
Moving inherently can be less with the burst length of energy, and transmission efficiency is lower.
D: to the coil having silicon sheet core, in the case that certain amplitude is crossed in current impulse, magnetic field meeting saturation, electric current
Transfer to is that ohmically thermal waste in coil is fallen.
In order to widen the range of speeds of motor, domestic inventor has done a lot of effort and trial.In domestic patent document
Application No.: 201510508099.0, patent name is " a kind of permagnetic synchronous motor winding change-over switch " and Application No.:
201510508843.7, patent name is " a kind of switchover policy based on permagnetic synchronous motor winding change-over switch ".Two specially
A kind of permagnetic synchronous motor changing method is all refer to, that is, permagnetic synchronous motor winding change-over switch has n set winding in profit, with
When corresponding n main loop unit, by 4n-4 switch collective effect, the connection in series-parallel realizing n set winding switches.Windings in series is transported
OK, if rotating speed reaches switching condition, winding switches to parallel connection by series connection；Winding parallel runs, if rotating speed reaches switching condition, electricity
Pressure reduces, until meeting voltage-switching conditions, winding switches to series connection by parallel connection.Can be in certain journey using technique scheme
Motor operation efficiency, the speed adjustable range of extension motor are improved on degree, and so that the demand of major loop capacity is reduced.
But technique scheme exists not enough as follows:
1. need n independent electrical source of power to power, this is costly and complicated in real world applications.Particularly supply in battery
In electric system, use multiple battery pack, be all very big trouble to charging and battery management.
2. battery pack needs to carry out switching in parallel by switch, if in battery powered system, the voltage of battery is because individual
Body difference, voltage can not possibly be essentially equal, and the internal resistance very little of battery, there is very big dash current during parallel connection,
It is easy to damage switching switch, cause unreliability to system.
3. couple n is more than the situation of 2 winding, can only have all in parallel or both states of all connecting, not have middle mistake
The state crossed, causes motor switching to have some setbacks.For n more in the case of all connected due to winding, the sensing of winding itself
Electromotive force is also just whole to be added, and it is very narrow that the velocity interval that motor works in full series connection becomes, and also cannot realize widening motor
The purpose of the range of speeds.
Therefore, the present inventor needs a kind of new technology of design badly to improve its problem.
Content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of switching device for motor width speed, it only needs to the power electric independent using
Source, can make motor efficient rotating speed area expand at double, greatly improve motor performance, improve energy utilization rate.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme is that
A kind of switching device for motor width speed, comprising: electrical source of power module, connection in series-parallel handover module and pwm modulation
And power driver module, wherein said connection in series-parallel handover module includes n switch unit, and each described switch unit includes first
Switching switch, the second switching switch and the 3rd switching switch, the s port of wherein said first switching switch and described electrical source of power
The negative pole of module connects, and its d port is connected with the s port of the described second switching switch；Described second switching switch d port with
The s port of described 3rd switching switch connects, and the d port of described 3rd switching switch is with the positive pole of described electrical source of power module even
Connect；Described pwm modulation and power driver module are connected with described electrical source of power module and described connection in series-parallel handover module respectively, its
Middle n >=1.
Preferably, also include a gate drive power module, described gate drive power module includes m road output end, its
Output end is modulated with described connection in series-parallel handover module and described pwm and power driver module is connected；Wherein m >=1.
Preferably, also include current detection module and symmetric winding motor, described current detection module input with described
Pwm modulation and power driver module connection, its output end and described symmetric winding motor connection, described symmetric winding electronics sets
There is a rotor position detector.
Preferably, described current detection module includes multiple sampling resistors, one end of each described sampling resistor with described
Pwm modulation and power driver module and a signal amplifier connect, and its other end is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module.
Preferably, also include a signal transacting and Logic control module, its respectively with described connection in series-parallel handover module, described
The rotor position detector of pwm modulation and power driver module, described current detection module and described symmetric winding motor connects.
Preferably, described pwm modulation and power driver module include multiple driver elements, and each driver element all includes one
Positive pole common port, a negative pole common port and gate drive power input, described positive pole common port and described electrical source of power module
Positive pole or a switch unit the 4th port connect；The negative pole of described negative pole common port and described electrical source of power module or
3rd port of one switch unit connects；Described gate drive power input and an output of described gate drive power module
End connects.
Preferably, described driver element is full bridge driving circuit or multichannel half-bridge drive circuit.
Preferably, described first switching switch and/or described second switching switch and/or described 3rd switching switch are machine
Tool contact switch or electronic switch.
Preferably, described gate drive power module also includes the first common port and the second common port, and wherein said first
Common port is connected with the positive pole of described electrical source of power module, and described second common port is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module
Connect.
Preferably, described gate drive power module also includes the first common port and the second common port, and wherein said first
Common port and described second common port are connected with an external power supply.
Using technique scheme, the present invention at least includes following beneficial effect:
Switching device for the wide speed of motor of the present invention is it is only necessary to use an independent electrical source of power, structure
Simply, cost is relatively low, and will not damage switching switch.And opening by the switching switch in control connection in series-parallel handover module
Series connection both states whole in parallel or whole with closing, it is possible to achieve multiple connection in series-parallel states rather than simple.Especially right
In the case that machine winding is more, motor efficient rotating speed area can be made to expand at double, greatly improve motor performance,
Improve energy utilization rate.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the switching device for motor width speed of the present invention；
Fig. 2 a is the circuit diagram of the switching device for motor width speed of the present invention；
Fig. 2 b is the circuit diagram of the switching device for motor width speed of the present invention；
Fig. 3 a is the circuit diagram of pwm modulation of the present invention and power driver module；
Fig. 3 b is the circuit diagram of pwm modulation of the present invention and power driver module；
Fig. 4 a is the circuit diagram of current detection module of the present invention；
Fig. 4 b is the circuit diagram of current detection module of the present invention；
Fig. 4 c is the circuit diagram of current detection module of the present invention；
Fig. 5 a isolates the circuit diagram of voltage-stabilized power supply for single phase transformer multichannel；
Fig. 5 b isolates the circuit diagram of voltage-stabilized power supply for multiple transformers multichannel；
Fig. 6 a-6c is schematic equivalent circuit during full series connection；
Fig. 7 a-7c is schematic equivalent circuit during full parallel connection；
Fig. 8 a-8c is 2 and schematic equivalent circuit during 2 series connection；
Fig. 9 is switching flow figure.
Wherein: 1. electrical source of power module, 2. signal transacting and Logic control module, 3. connection in series-parallel handover module, 4.pwm adjusts
System and power driver module, 5. gate drive power module, 6. current detection module, 7. symmetric winding motor, 8. magnet ring, 9. electricity
Stream Hall element, 10. rotor position detector.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation description is it is clear that described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is every other that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work
Embodiment, broadly falls into the scope of protection of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1 to Figure 2, for meeting a kind of switching device for motor width speed of the present invention, comprising: electrical source of power
Module 1, connection in series-parallel handover module 3 and pwm modulation and power driver module 4, wherein said connection in series-parallel handover module 3 includes n
Switch unit, each described switch unit includes the first switching switch pk (n), the second switching switch sk (n) and the 3rd switching and opens
Close nk (n), the s port of wherein said first switching switch is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module 1, its d port and institute
State the s port of the second switching switch and a following driver element connects；The d port and the described 3rd of described second switching switch
The s port of switching switch connects, and the d port of described 3rd switching switch is connected with the positive pole of described electrical source of power module 1.Described
Pwm modulation and power driver module 4 are connected with described electrical source of power module 1 and described connection in series-parallel handover module 3 respectively, wherein n
≥1.
In a preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 a, also include a gate drive power module 5, wherein said grid drives
Dynamic power module 5 includes m road output end, its output end and described connection in series-parallel handover module 3 and described pwm modulation and power drive
Module 4 connects；Wherein m >=1, more preferably m=n+1.In another preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 2 b, described pwm modulation
And it is equipped with a grid power supply in each of power driver module 4 driver element.
Preferably, a current detection module 6 and n+1 symmetric winding motor 7 are also included, described current detection module 6 is defeated
Enter end to be connected with described pwm modulation and power driver module 4, its output end is connected with described symmetric winding motor 7, described symmetrical
Winding electronics is provided with a rotor position detector 10.Described symmetric winding motor 7 is that have by electrically insulating, complete on magnetic circuit
The various motors of exactly the same multidiameter delay winding.If number of patent application is 201110385907.0, application is entitled, and " unit is many
In the patent document of driving multi-winding motor system ", then provide a kind of specific embodiment of symmetric winding motor 7.Certainly
Being provided as of above-mentioned machine winding, in order to absolutely prove the present embodiment, is not intended to limit, any obvious shape
Formula variations and alternatives are all within the protection domain of the present embodiment.
Preferably, described current detection module 6 includes multiple sampling resistors, one end of each described sampling resistor with described
Pwm modulation and power driver module 4 and a signal amplifier connect, and its other end is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module 1
Connect.
Preferably, also include a signal transacting and Logic control module 2, its respectively with described connection in series-parallel handover module 3, institute
State pwm modulation and power driver module 4, described current detection module 6 and described symmetric winding motor 7 rotor position detector 10
Connect.Described first switching switch, described second switching switch, described 3rd switching switch control end all with described signal at
Reason is connected with Logic control module 2, action at the control.Preferably, described signal transacting and Logic control module 2 are a bag
Containing motor speed sensor, phase current sensor and the single-chip microcomputer running motor control algorithms.
Preferably, described pwm modulation and power driver module 4 include multiple driver elements, and each driver element all includes
One positive pole common port, a negative pole common port and gate drive power input, described positive pole common port and described electrical source of power mould
4th port of the positive pole of block 1 or a switch unit connects；Described negative pole common port and the negative pole of described electrical source of power module 1
Or the 3rd port of a switch unit connects；Described gate drive power input and described gate drive power module 5
One output end connects.
Preferably, described driver element is full bridge driving circuit or multichannel half-bridge drive circuit.
Preferably, each described driver element all includes a raster data model port, this raster data model port and described grid
One output port of driving power module 5 connects.Because the output port of gate drive power module 5 is to be electrically isolated from one another
, the raster data model port of described pwm modulation and power driver module 4 is also galvanically isolated, by using described raster data model
Power module 5 is powered for driver element, substitutes and is powered using electrical source of power, thus without using multiple independent electrical source of power,
Reduce application cost, simultaneously because the problem that the use of multiple electrical source of power is brought also can be readily solved.
Preferably, the quantity of described driver element is n+1.If each switch unit number consecutively is 1 to n, will
Each driver element number consecutively is 1 to n+1, then the positive pole common port of first driver element and described electrical source of power mould
The positive pole of block 1 connects, and the positive pole common port of second driver element is connected with the 4th port of first switch unit, class successively
Push away, the positive pole common port of (n+1)th driver element is connected with the 4th port of n-th switch unit.First driver element
Negative pole common port is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module 1, and the negative pole common port of second driver element is cut with first
The 3rd port changing unit connects, the like, the of the negative pole common port of (n+1)th driver element and n-th switch unit
Three ports connect.
Preferably, described first switching switch and/or described second switching switch and/or described 3rd switching switch are machine
Tool contact switch or electronic switch.In a preferred embodiment, described first switching switchs as relay, mos pipe, insulated gate pair
One of bipolar transistor or multiple；Described second switching switch is diode, relay, mos pipe, insulated gate bipolar
One of transistor or multiple；Described 3rd switching switchs as in relay, mos pipe, insulated gate bipolar transistor
One or more.
Preferably, described gate drive power module 5 also includes the first common port and the second common port, and wherein said first
Common port is connected with the positive pole of described electrical source of power module 1, and described second common port is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module 1
Connect.
Preferably, described gate drive power module 5 also includes the first common port and the second common port, and wherein said first
Common port and described second common port are connected with an external power supply.
Preferably, described motor includes but is not limited to brushless electric machine, permagnetic synchronous motor, alternating current generator, reluctance motor, step
Stepper motor, linear electric machine.Whole system can be with wafer level packaging and thick film integrated package in addition to motor, or integrated with one
It is also possible to be distributed across multiple entities to use wire interconnection again in semiconductor chip.The present invention does not limit to its concrete packaged type
Fixed, ask those skilled in the art to know.
The principle of the invention is: in electric motor starting low-speed running, if series connection equivalent for multiple windings of motor,
Ampere-turn relation so according to coil, when the number of turn becomes many, electric current just can be relatively reduced, although this can not change motor because of resistance
The fact that the efficiency that power torque leaves the motor off during rotation is zero, but because reducing electric current, and reduce input power power, but
Improve and comprise electrical source of power, the efficiency of energy utilization of the whole electric system of controller and motor.
Also because the relation of windings in series, self induction electromotive force eφIncrease, ep-eφValue diminishes, and machine winding coil etc.
Effect impedance rfBecome big, when being adjusted to same electric current effect with pwm, dutycycle becomes big, and the peak value of pulse of electric current diminishes, various damages
Consumption also just reduces.Utilization rate with electric current improves, and motor feels hot reduces, can also be in the parameter basis of original motor
On, the appropriate torque increasing motor.
Improve in the rotating speed with motor, because of the raising of self induction electromotive force, be restricted to motor rotating speed when, multiple windings
It is reconverted into the state of connection in series-parallel mixing, when motor reaches certain speed, all of winding is all converted to parallel connection.
Reach the efficiency curve of broadening motor in this way, improve the torque capacity of motor, the motor feels hot for reduction
Amount, for the system originated for energy with battery, then extends the cruising time of battery.
The motor of simplex winding, in order to take into account efficiency during motor torque and low speed during low speed, limited the most in the past
Degree.When being mixed with Multiple coil connection in series-parallel, then can greatly extend the range of speeds of motor, and not lose during low speed
Performance.
Below the present invention is absolutely proved with a specific embodiment, but those skilled in the art it is to be understood that other
What obvious form change and adjustment are all within protection scope of the present invention.
In the preferred embodiment, described pwm modulation and power driver module 4, general by full-bridge or three half-bridges etc.
Drive circuit forms.Fig. 3 a and 3b provides two kinds of relatively conventional circuit forms.Fig. 3 a is used for driving alternating current generator, brushless electricity
Machine etc.；Accompanying drawing 3b is used for Driving Stepping Motor, reluctance motor etc..The raster data model of wherein each power circuit portion is powered
(vcc) all it is mutually isolated.Gate drive signal input and output end are not ground altogether, can be with various type of isolation grid
Pole drives, such as a optocoupler type: as the hcpl-3120, fod8384 of fairchild company etc. of hp company；B Magnetic isolation type: such as
Adum6132 of analog devices company etc.；C non-isolated but not type altogether: as the irs2117, irs2118 etc. of ir company
Flash drives.
As shown in figures 4 a and 4b, described current detection module 6 includes multiple magnet rings 8, and magnet ring 8 is arranged on described pwm and adjusts
Between system and power driver module 4 and described symmetric winding motor 7.The line of all same phases will pass through magnet ring 8 from same direction
Real phase current could correctly be sampled.Current Hall sensor 9 is located at that in magnet ring 8 opened gap, (preferably, electric current is suddenly
Your sensor 9 can use the a1363 of allegro company).Because all phase lines have the identical sense of current and phase place, so
Electric current is Downward addition.When sampling three-phase electric current, its computational methods is:
V phase current=iv(1)+iv(2)+iv(3)+……+iv(n)；
U phase current=iu(1)+iu(2)+iu(3)+……+iu(n)；
W phase current=iw(1)+iw(2)+iw(3)+……+iw(n).
Certainly, in order to cost-effective it is also possible to the electric current of two-phase of only sampling, third phase electric current is then by formula i (w)+i
U ()+i (v)=0 is calculated.Can also only sample the electric current of one of winding, be multiplied by quantity n of symmetric winding.Ability
Field technique personnel can be selected accordingly according to actual service condition and be set, and the present embodiment is not construed as limiting to this.
In another preferred embodiment, as illustrated in fig. 4 c, described current detection module 6 includes multiple sampling resistors, each
One end of described sampling resistor is modulated with described pwm and power driver module 4 and a signal amplifier are connected, its other end and institute
The negative pole stating electrical source of power module 1 connects, and described signal amplifier is connected with Logic control module 2 with described signal transacting.?
In low cost application, only can obtain electric current in the mode of last pwm modulation and the lower bridge sampling resistor of power drive
Information, then through certain amplification, enter adc process.It is characterized in that be really to sample in the case of full series connection
Current information；Under other assembled state, because each symmetric winding electric current is equal, can be so that with obtaining in the way of being multiplied by n, n is right
Claim the number of winding.
Described gate drive power module 5, is single phase transformer multichannel isolation voltage-stabilized power supply or the isolation of multiple transformers multichannel is steady
One of voltage source.As shown in Figure 5 a, it is a single phase transformer multichannel isolation voltage-stabilized power supply, as shown in Figure 5 b, be transformation more than
Device multichannel isolates voltage-stabilized power supply.The two all includes the output end that m road is electrically isolated from one another, and difference is that multiple transformers multichannel is isolated
Voltage-stabilized power supply includes multiple independent pwm control units.
The present embodiment can produce multiple connection in series-parallel states.As such as Fig. 6 a to the 6c institute of equivalent circuit during its full series connection
Show；When the described first switching switch and described 3rd switching switch are closed, described second switching switch is got through because of forward voltage drop, electricity
Stream flow direction as shown in figs. 6b and 6c, is integrally formed series relationship.When all connecting, eall=e1+e2+e3+……+en.
Equivalent circuit during its full parallel connection is as shown in Fig. 7 a to 7c.When the described first switching switch and the described 3rd is cut
Change switch to open, described second switching switch cuts out, and current direction, as shown in Fig. 7 b and 7c, is integrally formed parallel relationship.All
When in parallel, eall=e1=e2=e3...=en.
As n=3, equivalent circuit during its 2 and 2 string is as shown in Fig. 8 a to 8c.Now, the first driver element and the 3rd drive
The switching on off state of moving cell is consistent, is all that the first switching switch cuts out with the 3rd switching switch, the second switching switch is opened；
Second driver element is then in contrast.Now eall=e1+e2=e3+e4.If the numerical value of certain n is bigger, may also provide more
Different connection in series-parallel state, you can be located at all transition states in parallel or all connecting between both states to provide, keep away
Exempt from motor switching to have some setbacks.For multiple different connection in series-parallel state those skilled in the art disclosed in the present embodiment on the basis of complete
Entirely can know, the present embodiment does not just repeat one by one herein.
Switching for windings multiple in the present embodiment has different strategies, as follows:
1. people is to provide setting gear.
2. the size according to counter electromotive force is switching.
3. the rotating speed according to motor is switching.
4. the size according to electric machine phase current is switching.
No matter (concrete mode those skilled in the art of above-mentioned switching can make which kind of switching mode above according to actual
Use situation sets itself, the present embodiment is not construed as limiting to this) will pay close attention to that motor each winding in rotating through kind produces anti-
The magnitude of voltage of electromotive force e (n), because when machine winding is from parallel connection to series connection switching, the anti-electricity of the winding generation of all series connection
Kinetic potential is to be added, for ensureing total counter electromotive force e after switchingallWith supply voltage epDo not differ too many, e to be detectedallVoltage
When value reaches suitable numerical value, could execute by the switching command being parallel to series connection.
Because each winding of motor is symmetrical, the counter electromotive force producing is also essentially identical, both e (1)=e
(2)=... it is only necessary to measure the magnitude of voltage of any one winding, wherein pwm modulates and power driver module=e (n)
N the negative pole common port p_com of () is to be connected on electrical source of power ground wire all the time, the voltage of its counter electromotive force e (n) is also with ground wire
It is reference, detection facilitates and low cost the most.And other winding is due to series-parallel change, voltage is to suspend, measurement
Isolation method to be used.
When from series connection to switching in parallel, due to there is not counter electromotive force addition, can be without consideration.
No matter because with relay or semiconductor power pipe, as switching switch, its switching process has the regular hour
Postpone delay.In switching state, its switch is divided into two types by function, 1: tandem tap sk, 2: paralleling switch pk,
nk.This two class switch can not action simultaneously, in case occur power positive cathode short circuit.
In switching, a delay time to be waited, after allowing a kind of type of switch originally having already turned on thoroughly to close,
A further type of switch just can be opened.And same type of switch is to open and close without considering that switch prolongs simultaneously
Late problem, this delay time numerical value according to switch different suitably adjust, within relay is generally 200ms, igbt or
Mosfet is different because of grid level driving current, in the range of generally 100us to 50ns.If reaching optimal switch speed, delay
Numerical value need actual measurement or calculated according to parameter.
It is presented herein below taking n=3 as a example, according to speed and counter electromotive force comprehensive descision, to switch connection in series-parallel state, Fig. 9 is to flow
The mode of journey figure is illustrating handoff procedure.
In the case that winding and pwm modulation change connection in series-parallel relation with power driver module, because all of winding is
Symmetrical, and controlled by same group of pwm signal, after changing winding connection in series-parallel relation, simply change the equivalent of winding
Torque value under the number of turn, and same phase current, after conversion connection in series-parallel state, has following several situation for different motors:
1. there is no the motor of the opened loop control of electric current loop, such as the alternating current generator (acm) of v/f Control Cooling and no current ring
Brushless electric machine (bldc) etc., after changing the equivalent string parallel relationship of winding, does not have shadow to control algolithm, but can produce a certain amount of
Torque ripple.
2. for the motor having current loop control algorithm, such as the alternating current generator of permagnetic synchronous motor (pmsm) and foc algorithm,
On the basis of original control algolithm, according to current connection in series-parallel state, to from speed pid ring or the current reference that directly gives
Value iref, while changing winding connection in series-parallel state, it is modified with one group of corresponding coefficient.
For motor, the result controlling essence to phase current is exactly the control to motor torque, different motor,
The computing formula of electric current and torque is different it is also possible to nonlinear.If brushless is machine and permagnetic synchronous motor, by
In the characteristic close to brush direct current motor, its current torque curve also approximately linear, can be directly according to series-parallel multiple proportion
Take kiValue, as shown below:
When parallel connection entirely, ki=1；
During two and two strings, ki=2；
When whole string, ki=4；
iref=iref*ki；(c language from assignment expression way)
Corrected irefEnter back into the anti-park conversion of next step.
3. need the no Hall brushless motor of the parameter of electric machine, permagnetic synchronous motor controls, control with the foc that exchanges of encoderless
System, the parameter of electric machine typically used has, phase inductance, phase resistance and induced electromotive force, is needing to calculate this amount to carry out nothing suddenly
The algorithm that you run, phase inductance, phase resistance, induced electromotive force, after connection in series-parallel switching, the Parameters variation above winding is whole
Multiple, so only need to be multiplied by a correction factor after switching.Algorithm those skilled in the art of its correction factor
It is to be understood that here is omitted.
Described above to the disclosed embodiments, makes professional and technical personnel in the field be capable of or uses the present invention.
Multiple modifications to these embodiments will be apparent from for those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and be to fit to and principles disclosed herein and features of novelty phase one
The scope the widest causing.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of switching device for motor width speed is it is characterised in that include: electrical source of power module, connection in series-parallel handover module
Modulate and power driver module with pwm, wherein said connection in series-parallel handover module includes n switch unit, each described switching is single
Unit includes the first switching switch, the second switching switch and the 3rd switching switch, the s port of wherein said first switching switch and institute
The negative pole stating electrical source of power module connects, and its d port is connected with the s port of the described second switching switch；Described second switching is opened
The d port closed is connected with the s port of the described 3rd switching switch, d port and described electrical source of power that described 3rd switching switchs
The positive pole of module connects；Described pwm modulation and power driver module are cut with described electrical source of power module and described connection in series-parallel respectively
Die change block connects, wherein n >=1.
2. be used for as claimed in claim 1 the switching device of motor width speed it is characterised in that: also include a gate drive power
Module, described gate drive power module includes m road output end, its output end and described connection in series-parallel handover module and described pwm
Modulation and power driver module connect；Wherein m >=1.
3. be used for as claimed in claim 2 the switching device of motor width speed it is characterised in that: also include current detection module and
Symmetric winding motor, described current detection module input modulates with described pwm and power driver module is connected, its output end with
Described symmetric winding motor connection, described symmetric winding electronics is provided with a rotor position detector.
4. be used for as claimed in claim 3 the switching device of motor width speed it is characterised in that: described current detection module includes
Multiple sampling resistors, one end of each described sampling resistor and described pwm modulation and power driver module and a signal amplifier
Connect, its other end is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module.
5. be used for as claimed in claim 4 the switching device of motor width speed it is characterised in that: also include a signal transacting and patrol
Collect control module, it is modulated and power driver module, described current detecting with described connection in series-parallel handover module, described pwm respectively
The rotor position detector of module and described symmetric winding motor connects.
6. the described switching device for motor width speed as arbitrary in claim 2-5 it is characterised in that: described pwm modulation and
Power driver module includes multiple driver elements, and each driver element all includes a positive pole common port, a negative pole common port and grid
Pole driving power supply input, described positive pole common port and the positive pole of described electrical source of power module or the 4th end of a switch unit
Mouth connects；Described negative pole common port is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module or the 3rd port of a switch unit；Institute
The output end stating gate drive power input with described gate drive power module is connected.
7. be used for as claimed in claim 6 the switching device of motor width speed it is characterised in that: described driver element is full-bridge drive
Dynamic circuit or multichannel half-bridge drive circuit.
8. the described switching device for motor width speed as arbitrary in claim 1-7 it is characterised in that: described first switching is opened
Close and/or described second switching switchs and/or described 3rd switching switch is switch with mechanical contact or electronic switch.
9. the described switching device for motor width speed as arbitrary in claim 2-8 it is characterised in that: described raster data model electricity
Source module also includes the first common port and the second common port, the positive pole of wherein said first common port and described electrical source of power module
Connect, described second common port is connected with the negative pole of described electrical source of power module.
10. the described switching device for motor width speed as arbitrary in claim 2-8 it is characterised in that: described raster data model
Power module also includes the first common port and the second common port, outside wherein said first common port and described second common port and one
Connect power supply to connect.
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| CN201610899171.1A CN106341068B (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Switching device for motor wide speed |
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| CN201610899171.1A CN106341068B (en) | 2016-10-14 | 2016-10-14 | Switching device for motor wide speed |
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