CN106340703B - High-isolation three-coaxial leaky coaxial cable - Google Patents

High-isolation three-coaxial leaky coaxial cable Download PDF

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CN106340703B
CN106340703B CN201611021957.XA CN201611021957A CN106340703B CN 106340703 B CN106340703 B CN 106340703B CN 201611021957 A CN201611021957 A CN 201611021957A CN 106340703 B CN106340703 B CN 106340703B
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outer conductor
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layer
gap
coaxial cable
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杨志行
李申月
潘高彦
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Jiangsu Hengxin Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P3/00Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
    • H01P3/02Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type with two longitudinal conductors
    • H01P3/06Coaxial lines
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/203Leaky coaxial lines

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Abstract

The invention provides a high-isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable, which has good isolation performance, enhances the original main radiation signal, and greatly shortens the same-row wiring distance between leaky cables, so that the leaky cables are arranged in a limited space area to enable the area to meet the requirement of signal coverage. It includes inner conductor, inner insulation layer, inlayer outer conductor, outer insulation layer and the sheath that sets gradually from the center to the outer anchor ring, its characterized in that: the inner layer outer conductor is provided with the space breach, and the space radian alpha that the space breach formed is 0 ~ 0.5 pi, and space radian alpha reduces along with the rising of optimum frequency of use, has arranged outer conductor corresponding to the outer loop position of space breach, outer conductor is one section circular arc metal, the center pin coincidence that outer conductor, inner layer outer conductor, inner conductor three correspond, outer conductor is located the outside of inner layer outer conductor is arranged, the circular arc radian beta of outer conductor is greater than space radian alpha.

Description

High-isolation three-coaxial leaky coaxial cable
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cable structures, in particular to a high-isolation three-coaxial leaky coaxial cable.
Background
In the wireless signal coverage in the wireless communication field, in the area of tunnels, elevators, mines and the like which are in strip-shaped long and narrow distribution, and in the fully shielded or semi-shielded area of metal buildings and the like, the coverage area is inevitably provided with signal weak areas and blind areas due to the limitation of geographical environment and electromagnetic environment, and for the areas which cannot meet the signal coverage requirement by using a normal mode, signal coverage by using leaky cables and antennas is necessary, wherein the use of leaky cables in a closed long and narrow space is the best choice. However, due to the wide variety of wireless communication systems in the present, wireless coverage is performed in many areas, due to the limited space of the wiring area, and the leaky coaxial cable has a special distance requirement for the wiring, it is inevitable to involve the problem that the transmission effect of the leaky coaxial cable is affected due to the severe electromagnetic environment due to dense wiring, and mutual interference between signals or signal crosstalk is caused to reduce the communication quality. Meanwhile, in an urban rail transit system with densely-used leaky coaxial cables, along with the popularization of LTE in urban rail transit, the adopted MIMO technology has high requirements on isolation, and conventional leaky cables are difficult to achieve.
The structure of the existing leaky coaxial cable comprises an inner conductor, an insulating layer, an outer conductor and a sheath layer which are sequentially arranged from the center to the outer ring surface, wherein the outer conductor is provided with a slotted hole which is arranged according to actual requirements, the required spacing requirement of the leaky coaxial cable is large, and the requirement of signal coverage cannot be met in a region with limited space.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable, which has good isolation performance, and simultaneously enhances the original main radiation signal, so that the same-row wiring distance between leaky cables can be greatly shortened, and thereby leaky cables are arranged in a region with limited space, so that the region can meet the requirement of signal coverage. Meanwhile, the provided leaky coaxial cable has the characteristic of broadband uniform radiation, the widest using frequency range is 5 MHz-3000 MHz, convenience is provided for sharing the leaky cable by multiple systems, and the problems of spread spectrum of multi-frequency point multi-system access, difference of high-frequency and low-frequency single-side coverage distances, interference and crosstalk of multiple signals in the same row and signal deterioration caused by dense wiring, which are faced when the leaky cable is shared by multiple systems are solved.
A high-isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable adopts the technical scheme that: it includes inner conductor, inner insulation layer, inlayer outer conductor, outer conductor, outer insulation layer and the sheath that sets gradually from the center to the outer anchor ring, its characterized in that: the outer conductor of the inner layer is provided with a gap, the gap radian alpha formed by the gap is 0-0.5 pi, the gap radian alpha is reduced along with the rising of the optimal use frequency, the outer conductor of the outer layer is arranged corresponding to the outer ring position of the gap, the outer conductor of the outer layer is positioned in the outer insulating layer, the outer conductor of the outer layer is a section of circular arc metal, the outer conductor of the outer layer, the inner conductor of the outer layer and the inner conductor of the outer layer are superposed by corresponding central shafts, the outer conductor of the outer layer is positioned outside the outer conductor of the inner layer, the circular arc radian beta of the outer conductor of the outer layer is larger than the gap radian alpha, the outer conductor of the outer layer completely covers the surface area part of the inner conductor, which extends from the center of the circle to the outer side of two end points of the gap, the outer conductor of the outer layer and the inner conductor have a distance d, and a slotted hole is arranged on the outer conductor of the inner layer, the position of the slotted holes is repeated at a periodic pitch P.
It is further characterized in that: the position of the slotted hole is not limited to the right opposite side of the gap, and is specifically selected according to the actual use environment and the isolation requirement;
when the inner layer outer conductor is used for transmitting signals at low frequency, the slotted hole can be opened or not, and if the slotted hole is not opened, the signals leak outwards from the gap;
the distance between the outer layer outer conductor and the inner layer outer conductor
Figure GDA0003356405590000031
Wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum and is 3.0 × 108m/s, epsilon is the relative equivalent dielectric constant of the outer insulating layer, and is determined according to a specific use frequency band, wherein the use frequency band comprises bandwidth and frequency, and the requirement of using central frequency or maximum use frequency f to correspond to wavelength lambda mirror reflection needs to be met, namely within a quarter wavelength;
the distance d between the outer-layer outer conductor and the inner-layer outer conductor is also related to an electromagnetic signal radiation mode and is influenced by the dielectric constant of the inner insulating layer, the design of the inner-layer outer conductor and the frequency characteristic, and the specific distance d is finally determined by design simulation and experimental test;
the value range of the arc radian beta of the outer conductor is 0.5 pi to 1.5 pi,
the inner conductor is made of one of copper clad aluminum, silver-plated copper, a smooth copper pipe or a corrugated copper pipe;
the inner insulating layer is filled with low-loss uniform medium physical foaming polyethylene, and the foaming degree of the inner insulating layer is required to be increased as much as possible under the condition of ensuring proper strength so as to ensure that the insulation has lower dielectric constant and the electromagnetic signal transmission has higher rate ratio and lower loss;
the inner layer outer conductor is longitudinally wrapped by a thin copper strip or an aluminum strip with thickness, and the position of the gap is changed according to actual needs;
the relative dielectric constant and the insulation thickness of the outer insulation layer are adjusted to meet the requirement of mirror reflection of the corresponding wavelength;
the jacket serves a protective function, and the thickness and material selection of the jacket is determined by the specific operating environment and performance requirements.
After the invention is adopted, signals are transmitted in the leaky coaxial cable, the signals are radiated from the slotted hole of the inner-layer outer conductor and outwards radiated from the gap of the inner-layer outer conductor at the same time, the signals are reflected to the radiation direction through the outer-layer outer conductor, the signals are generated by radiation and coupling, the electromagnetic waves generated by the leaky cable of the structure are vector combination of the slotted hole radiation and the electromagnetic energy leaked from the gap, so the use frequency is determined by the slotted hole structure of the inner-layer outer conductor and the position and radian of the gap, the arrangement of the slotted hole can be designed according to the frequency of the broadband leaky cable from 700MHz to 3000MHz, the low-frequency signals lower than 700MHz are leaked outwards from the gap of the inner-layer outer conductor, so the full frequency below 3000MHz is available, the optimal use frequency band exists, and due to the double-layer shielding effect of the inner-layer outer conductor and the outer-layer outer conductor, the electromagnetic interference from the back of the outer conductor can be effectively isolated, the two layers of metals are isolated, the isolation between the leaky cables is increased, and meanwhile, the outer-layer conductor can reflect signals generated by back coupling of the slotted holes of the leaky cables to the main radiation direction, so that original radiation signals are enhanced; in conclusion, the isolation performance of the cable is good, the original main radiation signal is enhanced, the same-row wiring distance between the leaky cables can be greatly shortened, and the leaky cables are arranged in a limited space area, so that the area meets the requirement of signal coverage. Meanwhile, the provided leaky coaxial cable has the characteristic of broadband uniform radiation, the widest using frequency range is 5 MHz-3000 MHz, convenience is provided for sharing the leaky cable by multiple systems, and the problems of spread spectrum of multi-frequency point multi-system access, difference of high-frequency and low-frequency single-side coverage distances, interference and crosstalk of multiple signals in the same row and signal deterioration caused by dense wiring, which are faced when the leaky cable is shared by multiple systems are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view structure of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic front view structure diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of FIG. 3;
the names corresponding to the sequence numbers in the figure are as follows:
the cable comprises an inner conductor 1, an inner insulating layer 2, an inner layer outer conductor 3, an outer insulating layer 4, a sheath 5, a gap 6, an outer layer outer conductor 7 and a slotted hole 8.
Detailed Description
A high-isolation triaxial leakage coaxial cable is shown in figures 1-4 and comprises an inner conductor 1, an inner insulating layer 2, an inner outer conductor 3, an outer insulating layer 4 and a sheath 5 which are sequentially arranged from the center to the outer ring surface, wherein the inner outer conductor 3 is provided with a gap 6, the gap radian alpha formed by the gap 6 is 0-0.5 pi, the gap radian alpha is reduced along with the increase of the optimal use frequency, an outer conductor 7 is arranged at the position of the outer ring corresponding to the gap 6, the outer conductor 7 is a section of arc metal, the central axes corresponding to the outer conductor 7, the inner outer conductor 3 and the inner conductor 1 are superposed, the outer conductor 7 is arranged at the outer side of the inner conductor 3, the arc radian beta of the outer conductor 7 is larger than the gap radian alpha, and the outer conductor 7 completely covers the surface area part of the circle center of the inner conductor 3 extending to the outer sides of two end points of the gap, the distance d between the outer conductor 7 and the inner conductor 3, and the distance between the outer conductor 7 and the inner conductor 3
Figure GDA0003356405590000051
Wherein c is the speed of light in vacuum and is 3.0 × 108m/s, epsilon is the relative equivalent dielectric constant of the outer insulating layer, and is determined according to a specific use frequency band, wherein the use frequency band comprises bandwidth and frequency, and the requirement of using central frequency or maximum use frequency f to correspond to wavelength lambda mirror reflection needs to be met, namely within a quarter wavelength;
the distance d between the outer conductor 7 and the inner conductor 3 is also related to the electromagnetic signal radiation mode, and is influenced by the dielectric constant of the inner insulating layer, the design of the inner conductor 3 and the frequency characteristic, and the specific distance d is finally determined by design simulation and experimental test;
the value range of the arc radian beta of the outer layer outer conductor 7 is 0.5 pi-1.5 pi, and the width of the outer layer outer conductor 7 is determined by the closeness of the inner layer outer conductor, the size of an outer insulating layer, the use wavelength and the isolation requirement of a leakage cable;
the inner conductor 1 is made of one of copper clad aluminum, silver plated copper, smooth copper pipe or corrugated copper pipe;
the inner insulating layer 2 is filled with low-loss uniform medium physical foaming polyethylene, and the foaming degree of the inner insulating layer is required to be increased as much as possible under the condition of ensuring proper strength so as to ensure that the insulation has lower dielectric constant and the electromagnetic signal transmission has higher rate ratio and lower loss;
the inner-layer outer conductor 3 is longitudinally wrapped by a thin copper strip or an aluminum strip with thickness, and the position of the gap 6 is changed according to actual needs;
the relative dielectric constant and the insulation thickness of the outer insulation layer 4 are adjusted to meet the mirror reflection requirement of the corresponding wavelength;
the jacket 5 serves a protective function, and the thickness and material selection of the jacket 5 is determined by the specific operating environment and performance requirements.
The first specific embodiment is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2: the method is suitable for signal transmission in the widest using frequency range of 5 MHz-3000 MHz: slotted holes 8 are formed in the inner layer outer conductor 3, the positions of the slotted holes are repeated according to a periodic pitch P (the pitch P is the distance between two slotted holes with the same arrangement sequence in two groups of completely same adjacent slotted holes on the same axis of the length direction of the cable and is the mature technology of a leaky cable), the specific tapping mode is carried out according to the tapping rule of the leaky cable prior art, the tapping mode with the optimal electrical performance in the use frequency band is selected, the slotted hole positions are not limited to the right opposite sides of gap gaps of the slotted hole positions, and the slotted hole positions are specifically selected according to the actual use environment and the height required by the isolation.
The second embodiment is shown in fig. 3 and 4: it optimizes the signal transmission performance of low frequency signals below 700 MHz: when the low-frequency transmission device is used for low-frequency transmission signals, the inner-layer outer conductor 3 is not provided with a slot, and the signals leak outwards from the gap.
The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided above, but the present invention is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of the invention as claimed should be covered by this patent.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a three coaxial leaky coaxial cables of high isolation, its includes inner conductor, inner insulation layer, inlayer outer conductor, outer conductor, outer insulating layer and the sheath that sets gradually from the center to the outer anchor ring, its characterized in that: the outer conductor of the inner layer is provided with a gap, the gap radian alpha formed by the gap is 0-0.5 pi, the gap radian alpha is reduced along with the rising of the optimal use frequency, the outer conductor of the outer layer is arranged corresponding to the outer ring position of the gap, the outer conductor of the outer layer is positioned in the outer insulating layer, the outer conductor of the outer layer is a section of circular arc metal, the outer conductor of the outer layer, the inner conductor of the outer layer and the inner conductor of the outer layer are superposed by corresponding central shafts, the outer conductor of the outer layer is positioned outside the outer conductor of the inner layer, the circular arc radian beta of the outer conductor of the outer layer is larger than the gap radian alpha, the outer conductor of the outer layer completely covers the surface area part of the inner conductor, which extends from the center of the circle to the outer side of two end points of the gap, the outer conductor of the outer layer and the inner conductor have a distance d, and a slotted hole is arranged on the outer conductor of the inner layer, the position of the slotted holes is repeated at a periodic pitch P.
2. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the position of the slotted hole is not limited to the right opposite side of the gap, and is specifically selected according to the actual use environment and the isolation requirement.
3. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: when the inner layer outer conductor is used for low-frequency signal transmission, the inner layer outer conductor can be provided with no slot, and signals leak outwards from the gap.
4. A high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the distance d between the outer layer outer conductor and the inner layer outer conductor is less than or equal to
Figure 1
=
Figure 2
Wherein c is the light speed in vacuum and is 3.0 × 108m/s, epsilon is the relative equivalent dielectric constant of the outer insulating layer and is determined according to a specific use frequency band, wherein the use frequency band comprises bandwidth and frequency, and the use central frequency or the maximum use frequency needs to be satisfiedfThe mirror reflection requirement corresponds to the wavelength λ, i.e. within a quarter wavelength.
5. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the value range of the arc radian beta of the outer conductor is 0.5 pi to 1.5 pi.
6. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner conductor is made of one of copper clad aluminum, silver plated copper, smooth copper pipe or corrugated copper pipe.
7. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner insulating layer is filled with low-loss uniform medium physically foamed polyethylene, and the foaming degree is increased under the condition of meeting the strength requirement, so that the dielectric constant of the inner insulating layer is reduced, the speed ratio of electromagnetic signal transmission is improved, and the loss of electromagnetic signal transmission is reduced.
8. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the inner layer outer conductor is specifically longitudinally wrapped by a thin copper strip or an aluminum strip with thickness.
9. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the relative dielectric constant and the insulation thickness of the outer insulation layer are adjusted to meet the requirement of mirror reflection of the corresponding wavelength.
10. The high isolation triaxial leaky coaxial cable as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the jacket serves a protective function, and the thickness and material selection of the jacket is determined by the specific operating environment and performance requirements.
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