CN106337886A

CN106337886A - Synchronizer

Info

Publication number: CN106337886A
Application number: CN201610487643.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: O.赫尔德曼
Original assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Current assignee: GM Global Technology Operations LLC
Priority date: 2015-07-11
Filing date: 2016-06-28
Publication date: 2017-01-18
Also published as: DE102015009009A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a synchronizer applied to a transmission, especially an automobile transmission. The synchronizer comprises a synchronization body (1), a slide sleeve which is movably arranged along the circumference in an anti-torque manner and movably arranged along an axial direction of a transmission shaft relative to the synchronization body (1), a first synchronization ring (2) which is rotationally arranged along the circumference relative to the synchronization body and comprises lock teeth, and a pressure part device, wherein the synchronization body is disposed on the transmission shaft of the transmission along the circumference in an anti-torque manner; the pressure part device comprises at least one pressure part (4) which is used to make the first synchronization ring move axially by the slide sleeve; the pressure part can be rotated along the circumference relative to the synchronization body by the first synchronization ring (2) at one or more than one supporting position; and the pressure part (4) and the synchronization body (1) comprise a contact face configuration structure which comprises pressure part side contact faces (41) and corresponding contact faces (71, 72) of the synchronization body side, and the structure is used to convert a rotation shape of circumferential rotation of the pressure part (4) relative to the synchronization body (1) at the supporting position into matched axial motion of the pressure part (4) toward the first synchronization ring (2).

Description

Synchronizer

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of synchronizer for variator especially automotive transmission, a kind of automobile that is particularly useful for There is the variator of at least one this synchronizer, a kind of automobile especially car with this variator and a kind of use Method in synchronous this variator.

Background technology

A kind of synchronizer known to patent documentation de 195 80 558 c1, it has sync-body, is arranged on sync-body Elongated slot in pressure piece, sliding sleeve and with lock tooth synchronous ring.

In shift process, axial force is applied on each synchronous ring by pressure piece, this synchronous ring is joined by castor friction Close ground to drive and the rotation of relative synchronization body, therefore its lock tooth locks continuing to move to of sliding sleeve.

When realizing synchronous between castor and sync-body, this locking effect is cancelled and the internal tooth of sliding sleeve is locked Tooth is passed through and is meshed with the tooth connection of castor.

Content of the invention

The form of implementation technical problem to be solved of the present invention is, improves the synchronization of variator.

Described technical problem is by a kind of synchronizer, a kind of speed change with least one synchronizer described herein Device, a kind of automobile with variator described herein or a kind of variator for synchronization with synchronizer described herein Method solve.

According to a theme of the present invention, for variator, especially automotive transmission, especially saloon car transmission is same Step equipment, at least one synchronizer of especially this variator has:

- sync-body or bush supportIt torsionally can be arranged, especially along (power transmission shaft) circumference It is on the power transmission shaft be already provided at variator,

- relative synchronization body is circumferentially torsionally and along the axially or longitudinally extending direction slip of power transmission shaft or movably cloth The sliding sleeve (schiebemuffe) put or clutch collar (schaltmuffe),

- circumferentially relative synchronization body rotationally arrange, the first synchronous ring with lock tooth or locking ring (blockerring)；With

- pressure piece device (druckst ü ckanordnung), its have one or more for making the first synchronous ring pass through Sliding sleeve axial movement pressure piece, one or more of pressure pieces in one or more bearing positions, particularly by Axial movement region, (difference) with passing through the first synchronous ring, especially form fit or frictional fit relative synchronization body circumferentially may be used Rotate, wherein said one or more pressure pieces and sync-body (difference) have the contact surface comprising pressure piece side and synchronous side Corresponding contact surface contact surface configuration structureFor in one or more supporting positions Put, especially move axially that in region, pivoted configuration circumferentially ordinatedly turns by one or more pressure piece relative synchronization bodies Change one or more pressure pieces into relatively or towards the axial movement of the first synchronous ring or displacement.

If in a kind of form of implementation, in order that variator or the sync-body antitorque with power transmission shaft and can on power transmission shaft Castor (losrad), especially shift gear are synchronous in other words for the free gear rotationally arranged, one of pressure piece device Or multiple, especially all pressure piece passes through sliding sleeve and moves in bearing position axially towards the first synchronization ring, then one In form of implementation, moment of torsion acts on the first synchronous ring in the circumferential, particularly with or due in sync-body with wait to synchronize Castor between speed discrepancy, especially the friction circle conical surface cause ground (reibkonusinduziert) or frictional fit ground lead to Cross the first synchronous ring and move on the friction circle conical surface, this friction circle conical surface relative motion wheel is antitorque.In connection with this, conduct Supplement and quote and start described patent documentation de 195 80 558 c1 herein, its content is comprised in current disclosure In.

In a kind of form of implementation, the first synchronous ring is bearing in one or many in the bearing position of pressure piece device On individual pressure piece, because described pressure piece is rotatable in the circumferential by synchronous ring in bearing position.

In a kind of form of implementation, one or more of pressure piece self-supportings are on contact surface configuration structure.One Plant in form of implementation, this applies axial compressive force towards first synchronous ring on one or more of pressure pieces, because contact surface By one or more pressure piece relative synchronization bodies, rotation circumferentially is converted into one or more pressure pieces towards the to configuration structure The axial movement of one synchronous ring, or contact surface configuration structure designs for this.

In other words, in a kind of form of implementation, will by chock effect (keilwirkung) of contact surface configuration structure Moment of torsion on first synchronous ring is changed by pressure piece device or is changed into the axial compressive force pointing to the first synchronous ring, therefore one In kind of form of implementation, for synchronization, point to the axial force of sliding sleeve advantageously especially assist type (servoartig) or Strengthen with saying servo-type.

In a kind of form of implementation, sync-body material engage ground, frictional fit ground or shape-ordinatedly, particularly by tooth, Torsionally can arrange, especially be already provided on power transmission shaft.

In a kind of form of implementation, sliding sleeve is by the internal tooth that engages with the external tooth of sync-body torsionally and can be vertically Movably guide in sync-body, especially support.

In a kind of form of implementation, sliding sleeve be axially moveable exceed synchronous ring or its lock tooth position in transmission Castor rotatable communication on axle, is engaged to particularly by its internal tooth in the external tooth of castor and realizes, or sliding sleeve is this Design.

In a kind of form of implementation, the first synchronous ring and the in extension design second synchronous ring are especially shape-ordinatedly subject to Limit ground can rotate in other words in the range of predetermined angle.Lock tooth is in a kind of form of implementation in the first position of rotation of synchronous ring Or in angle position locking or limit slippage sleeve axial movement, and enable sliding sleeve in the second turned position More than the first synchronization ring or through lock tooth (further) axial movement.In connection with this, quoting and start herein as supplementing Described patent documentation de 195 80 558 c1.

The bearing position of pressure piece is axially and/or radially position in scope of the invention in a kind of form of implementation, In described position its can by synchronous ring, especially form fit or frictional fit ground, relative synchronization body along and/or reverse In circumferentially rotating.In a kind of form of implementation, axial movement region is correspondingly the result of this (axial) bearing position.

In a kind of form of implementation, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces of pressure piece device can reversibly, especially Axially and/or radially going up, moving between at least one bearing position and neutral particularly axially and/or radially Dynamic, in this neutral, one or more pressure pieces can not be rotated by synchronous ring, especially be taken off with one or more synchronous rings Coupling, especially in the axial direction separately.

In a kind of form of implementation, synchronizer have at least two and/or most four pressure pieces described herein or Pressure piece device, they are mutually especially equidistantly spaced in the circumferential.

In a kind of form of implementation, axial compressive force or moment of torsion can be by which better at least two, especially three in this institutes The pressure piece stated is supported.

In a kind of form of implementation, by highest four, especially three pressure pieces described herein, design expend and/or Assembling expends and/or weight can advantageously be lowered, especially because aforesaid auxiliary is supported.

In a kind of form of implementation, synchronizer correspondingly just has three pressure pieces described herein or pressure piece dress Put.

In a kind of form of implementation, contact surface configuration structure is also designed for pressure piece device is one or more, outstanding Its whole pressure piece relative synchronization body is inversely ordinatedly converted into one or more pressure pieces towards the in circumferential pivoted configuration The axial movement of one synchronous ring.In other words, for one or more, especially whole pressure pieces of pressure piece device, pressure piece The corresponding contact surface (difference) on the contact surface of side and synchronous side is also designed for described power part relative synchronization body inversely in week To rotation at least one bearing position particularly axially slip region (especially with for circumferentially changing described rotation In identical bearing position especially identical slip region) shape-ordinatedly it is converted into described pressure piece relatively or towards first The axial movement of synchronous ring.

In a kind of form of implementation, can the first synchronous ring when rotating counterclockwise advantageously using or provided auxiliary prop up Hold.

In a kind of form of implementation, synchronizer have circumferentially rotatably arranged with lock tooth second synchronous Ring, wherein, contact surface configuration structure (difference) has the contact surface of pressure piece side and the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side, for In one or more of the other bearing position, especially in other axial slip regions, pressure piece device is one or more, outstanding Its whole pressure piece relative synchronization body along and/or be inversely ordinatedly converted into described pressure piece direction in circumferential pivoted configuration The axial movement of the second synchronous ring.

In a kind of form of implementation, described auxiliary is supported to can be used for or provide a mean for the synchronization of the second synchronous ring Process.In a kind of form of implementation, the first and second synchronous rings be axially disposed in the both sides of sync-body and/or be provided for The castor that two are axially arranged on the side deviating from sync-body of synchronous ring is synchronous.

In a kind of form of implementation, pressure piece device can be reversibly in the axial direction from least one (axial) bearing position (in described position, it can be rotated by the first synchronous ring, especially with the first synchronous ring especially form fit or frictional fit Ground rotation coupling) enter neutral (it is decoupled with the first and/or second synchronous ring (rotation) in described position), and/or Enter at least one other (axial) bearing position, pressure piece device can be turned by the second synchronous ring in described position Dynamic, especially with its form fit or frictional fit rotate coupling.

In a kind of form of implementation, the first and/or second synchronous ring (difference) has backstop circumferentially, is used for making pressure Power part device one or more, especially all pressure pieces at least one bearing position, particularly axially of pressure piece device Especially form fit or the rotation of frictional fit ground in moving area.In a kind of form of implementation additionally or alternatively, first and/ Or second synchronous ring (difference) have inversely in circumferential backstop, for making the one or more, especially whole of pressure piece device Pressure piece is at least one bearing position of pressure piece device, particularly axially especially form fit or friction are joined in moving area Close ground rotation.

Be used for for a pair making pressure piece along with reverse in the backstop rotating in a circumferential direction particularly by two arms or side foot, especially Fork or groove constitute, they at least substantially axially extend in a kind of form of implementation or be axially formed an angle, this angle Degree is up to 45 °, is particularly up to 15 °.

In a kind of form of implementation, thus achieve the favourable power between synchronous ring and pressure piece device or moment of torsion passes Pass.

In a kind of form of implementation, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces (difference) of pressure piece device are in slip cap Can limitedly move especially shape-ordinatedly, vertically on cylinder or be fixedly disposed, especially slippingly guide or along axle To fixation.Thus in a kind of form of implementation pressure piece advantageous by sliding sleeve (in linkage) sliding vertically.

In a kind of form of implementation additionally or alternatively, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces of pressure piece device (difference) on sliding sleeve especially shape-ordinatedly in the circumferential especially limitedly rotatably arranged with or guiding, especially prop up Hold.Auxiliary thus can be improved in a kind of form of implementation support.

In a kind of form of implementation additionally or alternatively, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces of pressure piece device (difference) on sliding sleeve especially shape-ordinatedly around radially especially unrestrictedly rotatably arranged with or guiding, especially prop up Hold, especially roll or slidably supported.In a kind of form of implementation, thus improve auxiliary support, especially reduce friction.

In a kind of form of implementation additionally or alternatively, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces of pressure piece device (difference) on sliding sleeve especially shape-ordinatedly, can arrange with moving radially or guide, especially support, especially roll Dynamic or slidably supported.Thus in a kind of form of implementation, pressure piece can diametrically be offset and be realized by sliding sleeve By or cross lock tooth or synchronous ring.

In a kind of form of implementation, one or more of pressure pieces diametrically (distinguish) especially flexibly, especially logical Cross spring pre-tightening.Thus in a kind of form of implementation pressure piece by radial tightening in one location, pressure piece in this position Can be rotated by synchronous ring and/or be supported on corresponding contact surface.

Described radial direction in a kind of form of implementation perpendicular to axial and circumferential, or the radial direction of power transmission shaft.

In a kind of form of implementation, one or more, especially all backstops (difference) have for making pressure piece in circumference The collision inclined-plane of upper centeringPressure piece is thus advantageously compensate for when moving to axial bearing position Offsetting and backstop between.

In a kind of form of implementation additionally or alternatively, one or more backstops (difference) have for making pressure piece edge The collision inclined-plane moving radially.Thus in a kind of form of implementation, pressure piece can especially overcome pretightning force ground and/or in order to logical Cross or cross lock tooth or synchronous ring and pass through sliding sleeve and advantageously move radially.

In a kind of form of implementation, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces (difference) of pressure piece device are (at least) In one cross section, especially perpendicular to the outline radially with circle.Thus can improve in a kind of form of implementation Supporting on corresponding contact surface and/or backstop.

In a kind of form of implementation, the correspondence on one or more, especially whole synchronous side of contact surface configuration structure Contact surface and/or one or more, especially whole contact surfaces of pressure piece side are at least partially formed an angle with axial direction, At least 5 °, especially at least 15 °, especially at least 30 °, especially at least 40 ° of this angle (difference) and/or be up to 85 °, especially A height of 75 °, particularly up to be 60 °, particularly up to be 50 °.Thus realize in a kind of form of implementation favourable wedge effect or Auxiliary is supported.By 45 ° of angles can in a kind of form of implementation by pressure piece along or reverse in circumferential rotation path It is converted into numerical value identical axial displacement.

In a kind of form of implementation, sync-body has multiple, especially just three axial grooves, described axial direction on its circumference Groove is equipped with circumferentially opposed chock, and the end face of described chock constitutes the corresponding contact surface of contact surface configuration structure in the circumferential.

Additionally or alternatively, one or more, especially whole pressure pieces (difference) of pressure piece device are arranged on radially On bar (radialsteg), wherein radial bars are axially and/or radially going up regularly and/or circumferentially rotationally in slip cap Guide on cylinder, guide especially on the circumferential slot in sliding sleeve, and/or pressure piece is in the circumferential rotationally in radial bars Guiding, especially radially bar can run through the elongated hole circumferentially of pressure piece.

Favourable kinesiology and/or kinetics thus can be provided in a kind of form of implementation.

In a kind of form of implementation, variator has multiple synchronizers described here, and described synchronizer is arranged on On one or more power transmission shafts.

Brief description

The other favourable extension design of the present invention is drawn by the following explanation to preferred implementing form.Partly show in the accompanying drawings Illustrate to meaning:

Fig. 1 illustrates a part for the synchronizer of the automotive transmission of form of implementation according to the present invention with solid；With

Fig. 2 illustrates the radial direction top view of the described part of synchronizer.

Specific embodiment

Fig. 1 illustrates a part for the synchronizer of the automotive transmission of form of implementation according to the present invention, Fig. 2 with solid The radial direction top view of this part is shown.

Synchronizer has the sync-body 1 with external tooth, and circumferentially (in fig. 2 vertically) is torsionally arranged on this sync-body On the power transmission shaft of (unshowned) variator.

In sync-body 1, torsionally and vertically (in fig. 2 flatly) is slippingly provided with sliding sleeve, and it is More preferable intuitive conceals in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.

Vertically the both sides in sync-body rotatably support the first synchronous ring 2 of locking tooth and the second of locking tooth with Step ring 3.

The pressure piece device of synchronizer has the roller shape being equally spaced on three circumference in sync-body 1 or annular Pressure piece 4, one of them can be seen in Fig. 1, Fig. 2.The construction of two other pressure piece and function are shown corresponding to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 The pressure piece 4 going out.

By pressure piece device or pressure piece 4, the first synchronous ring 2 or the second synchronous ring 3 can be by below sliding sleeves Mode of stating selectively is axially distant from sync-body 1 and moves to the friction circle conical surface of (unshowned) castor to be synchronized Dynamic.

For this reason, each pressure piece 4 is separately positioned in radial bars, this radial bars is axially and radially regularly and in circumference On can restricted rotational movement ground in the circumferential slot of sliding sleeve guide.Alternatively, radial bars can be fixedly connected with sliding sleeve, and And pressure piece 4 axial restraint ground and can guiding in radial bars on restricted rotational movement ground in the circumferential, mode runs through pressure for radial bars Elongated hole circumferentially in power part 4.

The form that first and second synchronous rings 2,3 are respectively provided with circumferentially for each pressure piece 4 is stopping of axial stem 50 Gear and the backstop being inversely parallel axial stem 60 in circumferential form.

In order to preferably illustrate, partly excise the bar 50,60 of the first synchronous ring 2 in FIG.

If sliding sleeve manually power (it is illustrated by power arrow f in fig. 2) axially sliding to the right in fig. 2, Then its radial bars drives the neutral in central authorities shown in from Fig. 1 for the pressure piece 4 to move to the axial bearing position shown in Fig. 2, The further axle to the right in fig. 2 of wherein pressure piece contactor banking stop or axial stem 50,60, therefore sliding sleeve or pressure piece 4 Axial direction is mobile to the right and pushing sleeve is on the friction circle conical surface in fig. 2 to make the first synchronous ring 2 to movement.

In this axial bearing position, the first synchronous ring 2 can shape-ordinatedly rotation pressure part 4 on the contrary.

In order to clearly show that, figure 2 illustrates rotation in the circumferential or moment of torsion arrow t.

If pressure piece 4 due to the friction circle conical surface cause ground or by moment of torsion t circumferentially rotatable to described from central authorities idle running position Put (axial) bearing position of axially removal, then pressure piece 4 is bearing in end face as illustrated in fig. 2 respectively in the circumference of chock 70 On 71, as Fig. 2 passes through shown in counteracting force arrow r.

By pressure piece 4 relative synchronization body 1, rotated shape circumferentially is ordinatedly converted into pressure piece 4 relatively to described end face 71 The axial movement of the first synchronous ring 2.Correspondingly, moment of torsion t also applies axial compressive force s except counteracting force r, and it passes through in fig. 2 Power arrow shows and manual force f (handkraft) is strengthened on wedge effect ground or assist type ground.

Therefore, end face 71 constitutes the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side and supports the outer peripheral face 41 of pressure piece 4 thereon Constitute the contact surface of the pressure piece side of contact surface configuration structure, for the rotated shape circumferentially by pressure piece 4 relative synchronization body 1 Ordinatedly it is converted into the axial movement relatively or towards the first synchronous ring 2 for the pressure piece 4, and enter the axial direction supporting shown in Fig. 2 Position.

If manually power and auxiliary force f, s pass through pressure piece device or pressure piece 4 axial direction in fig. 2 to the first synchronous ring 2 Sliding to the right, then it rotates to latched position with causing by the friction circle conical surface, and in described position, its lock tooth stops slip cap Cylinder continues sliding, until the speed discrepancy of relative motion wheel eliminates and moment of torsion t also thus eliminates.In this overall axial movement On region, the first synchronous ring 2 passes through its backstop 60 rotation pressure part 4 in the circumferential, and this applies auxiliary force s due to wedge effect, Because contact surface configuration structure rotated shape cooperation circumferentially by pressure piece 4 relative synchronization body 1 in this axial movement region Be converted into pressure piece 4 towards the axial movement of the first synchronous ring 2.

If speed discrepancy has a reverse symbol, the first synchronous ring 2 correspondingly inversely in rotating in a circumferential direction, then pressure piece 4 It is bearing in the foregoing manner on the corresponding contact surface 81 of opposed chock 80 mirror image.

If sliding sleeve, towards the second synchronous ring 3 sliding, is bearing in chock 70 pressure piece 4 mirror type in the foregoing manner Or 80 corresponding contact surface 72 or 82 on.

Pressure piece 4 radially slip and by spring 9 backstop 50,60 pretensions relatively in radial bars.Thus, work as cunning When moving sleeve moves axially beyond synchronous ring 2 or 3, pressure piece can diametrically shift outward, and move on in backstop 50,60 Or cross them, to make corresponding castor and sync-body 1 rotation coupling or antitorque fixation.

In order to simplify this process, they are respectively provided with the collision inclined-plane 51 or 61 for moving radially pressure piece 4.Described Collision inclined-plane is also used for making pressure piece 4 circumferentially centering.

As especially visible in the radial direction top view of Fig. 2, the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side and axially (level side in Fig. 2 To) form for example, 45 ° of angle respectively.

Although describing exemplary implementation form in preceding description, it should be appreciated that still suffering from substantial amounts of modification. It is to be further appreciated that exemplary form of implementation only be citing, and be not considered as to according to protection scope of the present invention, The restriction in any form of application and construction.More precisely, preceding description provides for implementing for those skilled in the art The teachings of at least one exemplary form of implementation, wherein, can carry out each in terms of the function of described assembly and layout Plant modification, without departing from claims and equivalent protection domain determined by combinations of features.

List of numerals

1 sync-body

2 first synchronous rings

3 second synchronous rings

40 pressure pieces

41 pressure piece outer peripheral faces (contact surface of pressure piece side)

50 bars (backstop in the circumferential)

51 collision inclined-planes

60 bars (inversely in circumferential backstop)

61 collision inclined-planes

70 chocks

71 chock end faces (the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side)

72 chock end faces (the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side in addition)

80 opposed chocks

81 chock end faces (the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side)

82 chock end faces (the corresponding contact surface on synchronous side in addition)

9 springs

F manual force

R counteracting force

S axial compressive force/auxiliary force

T moment of torsion

Claims

1. a kind of synchronizer for variator, especially automotive transmission, has:

- sync-body (1), described sync-body is circumferentially torsionally arranged on the power transmission shaft of variator；

- relative synchronization body (1) is circumferentially torsionally and can be along the sliding sleeve axially movably arranged of power transmission shaft；

- circumferentially relative synchronization body (1) be can rotationally arranging, the first synchronous ring (2) having lock tooth；With

- pressure piece device, described pressure piece device has at least one and is used for making the first synchronous ring (2) by sliding sleeve axially The pressure piece (4) of movement, described pressure piece can be by the first synchronous ring (2) relative synchronization body at least one bearing position (1) circumferentially rotate, wherein said pressure piece (4) and sync-body (1) have the contact surface (41) comprising pressure piece side and synchronization The contact surface configuration structure of the corresponding contact surface (71,72) on side, for relatively same by pressure piece (4) in described bearing position Step body (1) pivoted configuration circumferentially is ordinatedly converted into pressure piece (4) towards the axial movement of the first synchronous ring (2).

2. according to the synchronizer described in claim 1 it is characterised in that synchronizer has at least two of pressure piece device And/or most four pressure pieces being circumferentially especially equally spaced from (4).

3. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that described contact surface configuration structure (71,72) Also be designed for by least one pressure piece (4) the relative synchronization body (1) of pressure piece device reverse in circumferential pivoted configuration Ordinatedly it is converted into this pressure piece (4) towards the axial movement of the first synchronous ring (2).

4. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that this synchronizer have can relatively with The with lock tooth second synchronous ring (3) that step body is circumferentially rotationally arranged, wherein contact surface configuration structure has pressure piece side Contact surface (41) and synchronous side corresponding contact surface (81,82), for pressure piece being filled at least one bearing position At least one pressure piece (4) the relative synchronization body (1) put along and/or be inversely ordinatedly converted into institute in circumferential pivoted configuration State pressure piece (4) towards the axial movement of the second synchronous ring (3), pressure piece (4) can at least one bearing position described By the second synchronous ring (3) relative synchronization body (1) along and/or reverse in rotating in a circumferential direction.

5. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that the first and/or second synchronous ring (2,3) Have circumferentially and/or inversely in circumferential backstop (50,60), for making at least one pressure piece (4) of pressure piece device At least one bearing position especially rotates to form fit or frictional fit.

6. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that at least one pressure of pressure piece device Part (4) can limitedly move or regularly and/or circumferentially can be especially on sliding sleeve especially shape-ordinatedly, vertically Limitedly rotate and/or especially can unrestrictedly rotate around radial direction and/or can especially tightly move in sliding sleeve in advance.

7. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that backstop (50,60) has for making pressure Part (4) in the circumferential centering and/or make the collision inclined-plane (51,61) that pressure piece (4) diametrically moves.

8. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that pressure piece (4) has circle in cross-section The outline (41) of shape.

9. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that contact surface configuration structure at least one The contact surface (41) of the corresponding contact surface (71,72,81,82) on synchronous side and/or pressure piece side and axial direction at least blockiness ground Form at least 5 ° and/or the angle being up to 85 °.

10. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that sync-body (1) has on its circumference Multiple axial grooves being equipped with chock (70,80) circumferentially opposite each other, the end face of described chock constitutes contact surface in the circumferential The corresponding contact surface (71,72,81,82) of configuration structure.

11. according to the synchronizer described in one of aforementioned claim it is characterised in that at least one pressure of pressure piece device Part (4) is arranged in radial bars, and wherein radial bars circumferentially can rotationally guide on sliding sleeve, and/or pressure piece is in week Can rotationally guide in radial bars upwards.

A kind of 12. variators, the variator in particular for automobile, have at least one power transmission shaft with least one according to aforementioned Synchronizer described in one of claim, the sync-body (1) of described synchronizer is torsionally arranged on described power transmission shaft.

A kind of 13. automobiles, especially car, have according to the variator described in claim 12.

14. a kind of for the method to synchronizing according to the variator described in one of aforementioned claim, wherein, pressure piece fills It is mobile axially towards the first or second synchronous ring (2,3), therefore, especially that at least one pressure piece (4) put passes through sliding sleeve It is that the friction circle conical surface causes, the moment of torsion (t) on synchronous ring (2,3) is by being touched face configuration structure (41,71,72,81,82) Axial compressive force (s) is applied on pressure piece (4) by the pressure piece device (4) of supporting towards synchronous ring (2,3).