CN106336066B - Zero discharge system and method for neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater - Google Patents
Zero discharge system and method for neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN106336066B CN106336066B CN201510395893.9A CN201510395893A CN106336066B CN 106336066 B CN106336066 B CN 106336066B CN 201510395893 A CN201510395893 A CN 201510395893A CN 106336066 B CN106336066 B CN 106336066B
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Abstract
The invention provides a zero discharge system and a zero discharge method for neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater, wherein the zero discharge system comprises a grid machine, a magnetic powder adsorber, a sand filter, a carbon filter, a PH regulation reaction tank, a heavy metal trapper, a micro filter, an ultra filter, a reverse osmosis device, a spray evaporator, a recovery water tank and a solid recovery tank which are sequentially connected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a discharge system, in particular to a zero discharge system and a zero discharge method for neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater.
Background
In recent years, the application and development of neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) permanent magnet materials are very rapid, and effective protection of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet materials is one of key technologies related to popularization and application of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet materials. The Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material is mainly prepared from elements such as rare earth metal neodymium, iron, boron and the like through a powder metallurgy process. As the material with the strongest magnetism at present, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is widely applied to the fields of electroplating devices, machinery, medical treatment, automobiles and the like, and has very wide application prospect.
Certain sewage is inevitably generated in the production process of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, particularly the sewage generated in the surface treatment process of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet, and particularly the processing waste water contains cutting fluid, so that the ammonia nitrogen and COD in the waste water are high, and the waste water can seriously affect the environment and the production life quality of people. In order to solve the above problems, the present invention intends to provide a novel zero discharge and zero discharge method for wastewater of ndfeb permanent magnet material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a zero discharge system of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater, which comprises a grid-deleting machine, a magnetic powder adsorber, a sand filter, a carbon filter, a PH regulation reaction tank, a heavy metal catcher, a micro filter, an ultrafilter, a reverse osmosis device, a spray evaporator, a recovery water tank and a solid recovery tank which are sequentially connected, wherein the grid-deleting machine is provided with a plurality of grid-deletes used for crushing and isolating various types of paper or dirt in the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater to form first waste liquid; the magnetic powder adsorber is provided with an electromagnetic field and is used for adsorbing and recovering magnetic powder in the first waste liquid to form a second waste liquid; the sand filter is provided with quartz sand for removing solid particles from the second waste liquid to form a third waste liquid; the carbon filter is provided with activated carbon for removing grease from the third waste liquid to form a fourth waste liquid; the PH adjusting reaction tank is used for adjusting the PH value of the fourth waste liquid so as to facilitate the adsorption of heavy metal of the next stage and form a fifth waste liquid; the heavy metal catcher is used for adsorbing and removing various heavy metal precipitates contained in the fifth waste liquid to form a sixth waste liquid; the microfilter is provided with a plurality of micropores and is used for removing suspended matters in the sixth waste liquid to form a seventh waste liquid; a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane is arranged in the ultrafilter and used for removing rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the seventh waste liquid to form eighth waste liquid; the outlet of the reverse osmosis device is respectively connected with the spray evaporator and the recovery water tank, the reverse osmosis device is used for intercepting various inorganic ions in the eighth waste liquid, pure water obtained after interception is conveyed into the recovery water tank, and high-salinity water after reverse osmosis is conveyed into the spray evaporator; the outlet of the spray evaporator is respectively connected with the recovery water tank and the solid recovery tank, and the spray evaporator is used for separating the high-salinity water after reverse osmosis into distilled water and solid salt, conveying the distilled water to the recovery water tank, and conveying the solid salt to the solid recovery tank; the recovery water tank is used for collecting pure water conveyed by the reverse osmosis device and distilled water conveyed by the spray evaporator; the solid recovery tank is used for collecting and accommodating the solid salt conveyed by the spray evaporator.
As a further description of the zero emission system of the present invention, it is preferable that the grid gap in the grid cutting machine is 15-25 mm.
As a further description of the zero emission system of the present invention, preferably, the magnetic induction intensity of the electromagnetic field in the magnetic powder adsorber is 1.0 to 2.0 tesla.
As a further description of the zero emission system of the present invention, it is preferable that the particle size of the quartz sand in the sand filter is 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
As a further description of the zero discharge system of the present invention, preferably, the PH of the fifth waste liquid formed in the PH adjustment reaction tank is 8 to 9.
As a further explanation of the zero discharge system of the present invention, preferably, the heavy metal trap includes a sewage inlet pipeline, an ozone diffusion disc, an aeration device, a partition board set, an activated carbon adsorption device, a carbon dioxide diffusion disc, quartz sand, a resin adsorption column, and a water outlet pipeline, which are connected in sequence from bottom to top, wherein an inlet of the sewage inlet pipeline is communicated with an outlet of the PH adjustment reaction tank, and is configured to receive the fifth wastewater; the ozone diffusion disc and the aeration device are respectively used for carrying out oxidation treatment and aeration treatment on the fifth wastewater; the partition plate group is provided with a plurality of partition plates which are arranged in an S shape and used for prolonging the flowing time of the wastewater after oxidation treatment and aeration treatment; the activated carbon adsorption device is used for adsorbing organic matters in the waste liquid; the carbon dioxide diffusion disc is used for converting metal ions in the waste liquid into carbonate precipitates; the quartz sand filtering device is used for preventing a small amount of carbonate precipitate from flowing in, and the resin adsorption column is used for adsorbing metal ions in the waste liquid and forming a sixth waste liquid; and the outlet of the water outlet pipeline is communicated with the micro filter and is used for conveying the sixth waste liquid to the micro filter.
As a further explanation of the zero-emission system of the present invention, preferably, the spray evaporator is provided with a water pump communicated with the reverse osmosis device, an outlet of the water pump is connected with an inlet of the waste liquid heating tank, and the waste liquid heating tank is used for heating the high-salinity water conveyed by the water pump; the spraying evaporator is also provided with a gas heating groove, the gas heating groove is provided with a gas inlet, and the gas heating groove is used for heating air entering through the gas inlet; the outlet of the waste liquid heating tank and the outlet of the gas heating tank are both connected with the inlet of the atomizing nozzle, the outlet of the atomizing nozzle is connected with the inlet of the drying tower, and the outlet of the drying tower is respectively connected with a solid collecting box for collecting solids and a condensing tower for collecting water and gas; and the outlet of the condensing tower is connected with a condensed water tank.
As a further explanation of the zero emission system of the present invention, it is preferable that the waste liquid heating tank and the gas heating tank are connected in parallel with the high pressure steam pipe and in parallel, respectively.
As a further description of the zero discharge system of the present invention, preferably, the waste liquid heating tank heats the high-salt water to 62 to 80 ℃.
As a further description of the zero emission system of the present invention, preferably, the gas heating tank heats the gas to 75-110 ℃.
As a further explanation of the zero emission system of the present invention, it is preferable that the drying tower is connected to a vacuum unit through the condensing tower, and the vacuum unit is used for maintaining a negative pressure in the drying tower below 35 KPa.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a zero emission process using any of the zero emission systems described above, the process comprising the steps of:
step a): the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater passes through a grid machine, and various kinds of paper or dirt in the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater are crushed and isolated under the action of the grids to form first waste liquid;
step b): the first waste liquid enters a magnetic powder adsorber, and magnetic powder in the first waste liquid is adsorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field to form second waste liquid;
step c): the second waste liquid passes through a sand filter, and solid particles in the second waste liquid are removed under the action of neutral quartz sand to form third waste liquid;
step d): the third waste liquid passes through a carbon filter and is used for removing grease in the third waste liquid and reducing COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen under the action of activated carbon to form a fourth waste liquid;
step e): the fourth waste liquid enters a PH adjusting reaction tank, and the PH value of the fourth waste liquid is adjusted to be alkaline, so that a fifth waste liquid is formed;
step f): the fifth waste liquid enters a heavy metal catcher to adsorb and remove various heavy metal precipitates contained in the fifth waste liquid to form a sixth waste liquid;
step g): the sixth waste liquid enters a micro-filter to remove suspended matters in the sixth waste liquid to form seventh waste liquid;
step h): the seventh waste liquid enters an ultrafilter, and rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the seventh waste liquid are removed to form eighth waste liquid;
step i): the eighth waste liquid enters a reverse osmosis device, pure water obtained after interception is conveyed to a recovery water tank, and high-salinity water after reverse osmosis is conveyed to a spray evaporator;
step j): and (3) treating the high-salt water after reverse osmosis by using a spray evaporator, separating into distilled water and solid salt, conveying the distilled water into a recovery water tank, and conveying the solid salt into a solid recovery tank.
As a further description of the zero emission method of the present invention, preferably, in step a), the grid gap is 15 to 25 mm.
As a further description of the zero emission method of the present invention, preferably, in step b), the magnetic induction intensity of the electromagnetic field is 1.0 to 2.0 tesla.
As a further description of the zero emission method of the present invention, in step c), the particle size of the quartz sand is preferably 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
As a further description of the zero emission method of the present invention, preferably, in step e), the PH of the fifth waste liquid is 8 to 9.
As a further illustration of the zero emission process of the present invention, preferably, in step f), the following steps are further included:
step f-1): fifth wastewater enters the ozone diffusion disc through a sewage inlet pipeline to be oxidized;
step f-2): b, fully stirring the wastewater generated in the step f-1) by an aeration device;
step f-3): the wastewater generated in the step f-2) passes through a partition plate group, so that the wastewater can be sufficiently reacted along the prolonged S-shaped flowing time;
step f-4): adsorbing organic matters in the wastewater generated in the step f-3) by an activated carbon adsorption device;
step f-5): c, passing the wastewater generated in the step f-4) through a carbon dioxide diffusion disc to convert redundant metal ions into carbonate precipitates;
step f-6): and (3) enabling the wastewater generated in the step f-5) to pass through quartz sand, finally adsorbing metal ions through a resin column, and finally enabling the water to flow out of the microfilter through a water outlet pipeline.
As a further explanation of the zero emission method of the present invention, preferably, in step j), the method further comprises the following steps:
step j-1): high-salt water enters a waste liquid heating tank through a water pump to be heated and enters an atomizing nozzle;
step j-2): air enters the gas heating groove through the gas inlet and enters the atomizing nozzle under the heating action of the high-pressure steam pipe;
step j-3): and water and air in the atomizing nozzle are dried in a drying tower, the formed solid is collected in a solid collecting box, and the water and the air are condensed and collected in a condensation water tank through a condensing tower.
As a further description of the zero emission method of the present invention, preferably, in step j-1), the waste liquid heating tank heats the high-salt water to 62-80 ℃; in the step j-2), the gas heating tank heats the gas to 75-110 ℃.
As a further illustration of the zero emission process of the present invention, it is preferred that it further comprises the steps of: step j-4): the water and air in the drying tower are maintained under the negative pressure of below 35KPa under the action of a vacuum unit.
Therefore, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater zero discharge system comprehensively recycles the wastewater to achieve zero discharge through the following process:
(1) in the grid-deleting process, the waste water is subjected to grid-deleting to remove and crush various plastic paper, mud or other working impurities in the waste water, so that the magnetic powder can be conveniently recycled in the next step;
(2) in the process of magnetic powder adsorption, magnetic powder is adsorbed and recovered through electromagnetism;
(3) removing dust and precipitate in the sand filtering process;
(4) in the carbon filtration process, COD and ammonia nitrogen are reduced by removing oil;
(5) in the PH adjusting process, the waste liquid after the PH value is adjusted is convenient for the next-stage heavy metal adsorption;
(6) in the heavy metal catching process, the heavy metal catcher consists of a sewage inlet, an ozone diffusion disc, an aeration device, a partition plate, activated carbon, a carbon dioxide diffusion disc, quartz sand, a resin adsorption column and a water outlet, and not only can reduce COD and ammonia nitrogen again, but also can adsorb and remove various heavy metal precipitates contained in the sewage through oxidation, aeration and the like;
(7) during microfiltration, small particles are removed;
(8) removing the fine dust during the ultrafiltration process;
(9) in the reverse osmosis process, pure water is prepared for reuse, and high-salt water is evaporated;
(10) in the spray evaporation process, a mode of combining three types of low pressure, steam heating and spray evaporation is adopted, and the spray evaporation device consists of a waste liquid heating groove, a gas heating groove, a high-pressure steam pipe, a gas inlet, an atomizing spray head, a drying tower, a solid collecting box, a condensing tower, a vacuum unit, a condensed water tank and a water pump and can separate high-salinity water into distilled water and solid salt.
Therefore, the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater zero discharge system comprises the devices of grid, magnetic powder adsorption, heavy metal capture, microfiltration, ultrafiltration, evaporation recovery and the like, so that the effect of zero discharge of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sewage zero discharge system of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a heavy metal trap of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of the spray evaporator of the present invention.
The reference numerals are explained below:
the device comprises a grid machine 1, a magnetic powder adsorber 2, a sand filter 3, a carbon filter 4, a pH adjusting reaction tank 5, a heavy metal catcher 6, a micro-filter 7, an ultra-filter 8, a reverse osmosis device 9, a spray evaporator 10, a recovery water tank 11, a solid recovery tank 12, a sewage inlet pipeline 13, an ozone diffusion disc 14, an aeration device 15, a partition plate group 16, an activated carbon adsorption device 17, a carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, a quartz sand filtering device 19, a resin adsorption column 20, a water outlet pipeline 21, a water pump 22, a waste liquid heating tank 23, a gas heating tank 24, a high-pressure steam pipe 25, a gas inlet 26, an atomizing nozzle 27, a drying tower 28, a solid collecting box 29, a condensing tower 30, a vacuum unit 31 and a condensing water tank 32.
Detailed Description
In order to make the examiner understand the structure, characteristics and other objects of the present invention, the following detailed description is made with reference to the accompanying preferred embodiments, which are provided for illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention.
First, referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a sewage zero discharge system of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the zero discharge system for wastewater containing neodymium iron boron permanent magnet materials of the present invention comprises a grid separator 1, a magnetic powder adsorber 2, a sand filter 3, a carbon filter 4, a PH adjustment reaction tank 5, a heavy metal trap 6, a micro filter 7, an ultra filter 8, a reverse osmosis unit 9, a spray evaporator 10, a recovery water tank 11 and a solid recovery tank 12, which are connected in sequence.
Be provided with a plurality of check in the check machine 1 and delete, check machine 1 can smash various paper or filth of isolation in the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet waste water, forms first waste liquid.
An electromagnetic field is arranged in the magnetic powder adsorber 2, and the magnetic powder adsorber 2 can adsorb and recover magnetic powder in the first waste liquid to form a second waste liquid.
The sand filter 3 is provided with neutral quartz sand, and the sand filter 3 can remove solid particles in the second waste liquid to form a third waste liquid.
The pH adjusting reaction tank 5 may adjust the pH of the fourth waste liquid to form a fifth waste liquid, thereby facilitating the adsorption of the heavy metal of the next stage.
As shown in fig. 2, the heavy metal trap 6 includes a sewage inlet pipe 13, an ozone diffusion disc 14, an aeration device 15, a partition plate group 16, an activated carbon adsorption device 17, a carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, quartz sand 19, a resin adsorption column 20 and a water outlet pipe 21 which are connected in sequence from bottom to top, wherein an inlet of the sewage inlet pipe 13 is communicated with an outlet of the PH adjustment reaction tank 5, so that the received fifth wastewater is introduced into the ozone diffusion disc 14 and the aeration device 15 to perform oxidation treatment and aeration treatment on the fifth wastewater. The partition board group 16 composed of a plurality of partition boards arranged in an S shape effectively prolongs the flowing time of the waste water after oxidation treatment and aeration treatment, the active carbon adsorption device 17 can adsorb organic matters in the waste liquid, the carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18 converts metal ions in the waste liquid into carbonate precipitates, the quartz sand filter device 19 is used for preventing a small amount of carbonate precipitates from flowing in, the resin adsorption column 20 can adsorb the metal ions in the waste liquid and form a sixth waste liquid, and finally, the sixth waste liquid is conveyed to the microfilter 7 by utilizing a water outlet pipeline 21 communicated with the microfilter 7.
Returning again to fig. 1, the microfilter 7 is provided with a plurality of micropores which enable removal of suspended matter from the sixth waste stream to form a seventh waste stream. The ultrafilter 8 is provided with a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane, so that the rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the seventh waste liquid can be removed to form an eighth waste liquid.
As shown in fig. 1, the outlet of the reverse osmosis unit 9 is connected to the spray evaporator 10 and the recovery water tank 11, respectively, and the reverse osmosis unit 9 can intercept various inorganic ions in the eighth waste liquid by reverse osmosis, and send the obtained pure water to the recovery water tank 11, and send the high-salinity water after reverse osmosis to the spray evaporator 10.
The outlet of the spray evaporator 10 is connected to a recovery water tank 11 and a solid recovery tank 12, respectively, and the spray evaporator 10 is configured to separate the high-salinity water after reverse osmosis into distilled water and solid salt, and to deliver the distilled water to the recovery water tank 11 and the solid salt to the solid recovery tank 12. As shown in fig. 3, the spray evaporator 10 is provided with a water pump 22 communicating with the reverse osmosis unit 9, and an outlet 22 of the water pump is connected to an inlet of a waste liquid heating tank 23, whereby the waste liquid heating tank 23 heats the high-salinity water supplied from the water pump 22. In addition, the spray evaporator 10 is provided with a gas heating tank 24, and the gas heating tank 24 is provided with a gas inlet 26, and the gas heating tank can heat air entering through the gas inlet 26. The waste liquid heating tank 23 and the gas heating tank 24 are connected in parallel and in parallel with a high-pressure steam pipe 25 respectively, wherein the high-pressure steam pipe 25 is made of stainless steel and used for heating, an outlet of the waste liquid heating tank 23 and an outlet of the gas heating tank 24 are connected with an inlet of an atomizing nozzle 27, an outlet of the atomizing nozzle 27 is connected with an inlet of a drying tower 28, an outlet of the drying tower 28 is connected with a solid collecting box 29 capable of collecting solids and a condensing tower 30 capable of collecting water and gas respectively, and an outlet of the condensing tower 30 is connected with a condensing water tank 32. The drying tower 28 is connected to a vacuum unit 31 capable of maintaining a negative pressure in the drying tower 28 via a condensing tower 30.
The method for zero discharge of wastewater of ndfeb permanent magnet material of the present invention is further described with reference to fig. 1 to 3.
Example 1
Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet sewage liquid passes through a grid machine 1 with grid clearance of 15 mm, various types of paper or sewage are crushed and isolated, then enters a magnetic powder adsorber 2, is adsorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field of 1.5 Tesla, then passes through a sand filter 3 containing medium-activity quartz sand with the particle size of 1 mm, is removed of solid particles, is removed of cutting fluid used in neodymium iron boron production through a carbon filter 4, and then is adjusted to be 8 in a pH adjustment reaction tank 5.
Then, when the fifth waste liquid enters the ozone diffusion disc 14 through the sewage inlet pipeline 13 of the heavy metal catcher 6, the fifth waste liquid is oxidized, then is fully stirred after passing through the aeration device 15, and then passes through the partition plate group 16, so that the sewage flows between the partition plates arranged in the S shape, thereby prolonging the flowing time, fully performing the reaction, then the waste water adsorbs organic matters through the activated carbon adsorption device 17, and after the excessive metal ions are converted into carbonate precipitates through the carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, the excessive metal ions sequentially pass through the quartz sand filter device 19 and the resin column adsorption column 20 to adsorb the metal ions, and finally, the excessive water enters the microfilter 7 through the water outlet pipeline 21.
Then, the microfilter 7 is used for carrying out microfiltration to filter suspended matters in water, the suspended matters in the water are filtered through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafilter 8 to remove rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the water, then the water enters the reverse osmosis device 9 to intercept various inorganic ions through reverse osmosis, the obtained pure water is conveyed to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, and the high-salt water after reverse osmosis enters the spray evaporator 10.
Finally, in the spray evaporator 10, reverse osmosis incoming water enters the waste liquid heating tank 23 through the water pump 22 and is heated to 62 ℃, then enters the atomizing spray head 27, meanwhile, part of air enters the gas heating tank 24 through the gas inlet 26 and is heated to 80 ℃, and also enters the atomizing spray head 27 under the heating of the high-pressure steam pipe 25, then the air and the water are dried in the drying tower 28, the negative pressure in the drying tower 28 is 35KPa, finally, the dried solid is collected in the solid recovery tank 12 through the solid collection box 29, and the water and the gas are condensed in the condensed water tank 32 through the condensing tower 30 and finally return to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, thereby completing the zero discharge treatment process of the whole wastewater.
Through detection, the numerical values of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the treated distilled water collected in the recovery water tank 11 are respectively 5 and 10, the PH is 7.0, the water quality in the recovery tank completely meets the requirements of GB/T19923-2005 for the recycling of urban sewage and the water quality of industrial water, and the effect of zero discharge of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater is achieved.
Example 2
Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet sewage liquid passes through a grid machine 1 with grid gaps of 20 millimeters, various types of paper or pollutants are crushed and isolated, then enters a magnetic powder adsorber 2, is adsorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field of 1.0 Tesla, then passes through a sand filter 3 containing medium-activity quartz sand with the particle size of 0.5 millimeter, is removed of solid particles, is removed of cutting fluid used in neodymium iron boron production through a carbon filter 4, and then is adjusted to the pH value of a fifth waste liquid to be 8.5 in a pH adjustment reaction tank 5.
Then, when the fifth waste liquid enters the ozone diffusion disc 14 through the sewage inlet pipeline 13 of the heavy metal catcher 6, the fifth waste liquid is oxidized, then is fully stirred after passing through the aeration device 15, and then passes through the partition plate group 16, so that the sewage flows between the partition plates arranged in the S shape, thereby prolonging the flowing time, fully performing the reaction, then the waste water adsorbs organic matters through the activated carbon adsorption device 17, and after the excessive metal ions are converted into carbonate precipitates through the carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, the excessive metal ions sequentially pass through the quartz sand filter device 19 and the resin column adsorption column 20 to adsorb the metal ions, and finally, the excessive water enters the microfilter 7 through the water outlet pipeline 21.
Then, the microfilter 7 is used for carrying out microfiltration to filter suspended matters in water, the suspended matters in the water are filtered through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafilter 8 to remove rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the water, then the water enters the reverse osmosis device 9 to intercept various inorganic ions through reverse osmosis, the obtained pure water is conveyed to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, and the high-salt water after reverse osmosis enters the spray evaporator 10.
Finally, in the spray evaporator 10, reverse osmosis incoming water enters a waste liquid heating tank 23 through a water pump 22 and is heated to 70 ℃, then enters an atomizing spray head 27, meanwhile, part of air enters a gas heating tank 24 through a gas inlet 26 and is heated to 75 ℃, the air also enters the atomizing spray head 27 under the heating of a high-pressure steam pipe 25, then the air and the water are dried in a drying tower 28, the negative pressure in the drying tower 28 is 30KPa, finally, the dried solid is collected in a solid recovery tank 12 through a solid collection box 29, the water and the gas are condensed by a condensation tower 30 and enter a condensed water tank 32, and finally the water and the gas are returned to a recovery water tank 11 for standby, so that the whole wastewater zero-emission treatment process is completed.
Through detection, the numerical values of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the treated distilled water collected in the recovery water tank 11 are respectively 4 and 20, the PH is 7.9, the water quality in the recovery tank completely meets the requirements of GB/T19923-2005 for the recycling of urban sewage and the water quality of industrial water, and the effect of zero discharge of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater is achieved.
Example 3
Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet sewage liquid passes through a grid machine 1 with grid clearance of 25 mm, various types of paper or sewage are crushed and isolated, then enters a magnetic powder adsorber 2, is adsorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field of 2 Tesla, then passes through a sand filter 3 containing medium-activity quartz sand with the particle size of 1.2 mm, is removed of solid particles, is removed of cutting fluid used in neodymium iron boron production through a carbon filter 4, and then is adjusted to 9 in a pH adjustment reaction tank 5.
Then, when the fifth waste liquid enters the ozone diffusion disc 14 through the sewage inlet pipeline 13 of the heavy metal catcher 6, the fifth waste liquid is oxidized, then is fully stirred after passing through the aeration device 15, and then passes through the partition plate group 16, so that the sewage flows between the partition plates arranged in the S shape, thereby prolonging the flowing time, fully performing the reaction, then the waste water adsorbs organic matters through the activated carbon adsorption device 17, and after the excessive metal ions are converted into carbonate precipitates through the carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, the excessive metal ions sequentially pass through the quartz sand filter device 19 and the resin column adsorption column 20 to adsorb the metal ions, and finally, the excessive water enters the microfilter 7 through the water outlet pipeline 21.
Then, the microfilter 7 is used for carrying out microfiltration to filter suspended matters in water, the suspended matters in the water are filtered through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafilter 8 to remove rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the water, then the water enters the reverse osmosis device 9 to intercept various inorganic ions through reverse osmosis, the obtained pure water is conveyed to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, and the high-salt water after reverse osmosis enters the spray evaporator 10.
Finally, in the spray evaporator 10, reverse osmosis incoming water enters a waste liquid heating tank 23 through a water pump 22 and is heated to 80 ℃, then enters an atomizing spray head 27, meanwhile, part of air enters a gas heating tank 24 through a gas inlet 26 and is heated to 110 ℃, the air also enters the atomizing spray head 27 under the heating of a high-pressure steam pipe 25, then, the air and the water are dried in a drying tower 28, the negative pressure in the drying tower 28 is 32KPa, finally, the dried solid is collected in a solid recovery tank 12 through a solid collection box 29, the water and the gas are condensed by a condensation tower 30 and enter a condensation water tank 32, and finally, the water and the gas are returned to a recovery water tank 11 for standby, so that the whole wastewater zero-emission treatment process is completed.
Through detection, the numerical values of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the treated distilled water collected in the recovery water tank 11 are respectively 7 and 15, the PH is 7.2, the water quality in the recovery tank completely meets the requirements of GB/T19923-2005 for the recycling of urban sewage and the water quality of industrial water, and the effect of zero discharge of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater is achieved.
Example 4
Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet sewage liquid passes through a grid machine 1 with grid gaps of 18 millimeters, various types of paper or pollutants are crushed and isolated, then enters a magnetic powder adsorber 2, is adsorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field of 1.2 Tesla, then passes through a sand filter 3 containing medium-activity quartz sand with the particle size of 0.8 millimeter, is removed of solid particles, is removed of cutting fluid used in neodymium iron boron production through a carbon filter 4, and then is adjusted to the pH value of a fifth waste liquid to be 8.5 in a pH adjustment reaction tank 5.
Then, when the fifth waste liquid enters the ozone diffusion disc 14 through the sewage inlet pipeline 13 of the heavy metal catcher 6, the fifth waste liquid is oxidized, then is fully stirred after passing through the aeration device 15, and then passes through the partition plate group 16, so that the sewage flows between the partition plates arranged in the S shape, thereby prolonging the flowing time, fully performing the reaction, then the waste water adsorbs organic matters through the activated carbon adsorption device 17, and after the excessive metal ions are converted into carbonate precipitates through the carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, the excessive metal ions sequentially pass through the quartz sand filter device 19 and the resin column adsorption column 20 to adsorb the metal ions, and finally, the excessive water enters the microfilter 7 through the water outlet pipeline 21.
Then, the microfilter 7 is used for carrying out microfiltration to filter suspended matters in water, the suspended matters in the water are filtered through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafilter 8 to remove rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the water, then the water enters the reverse osmosis device 9 to intercept various inorganic ions through reverse osmosis, the obtained pure water is conveyed to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, and the high-salt water after reverse osmosis enters the spray evaporator 10.
Finally, in the spray evaporator 10, reverse osmosis incoming water enters the waste liquid heating tank 23 through the water pump 22 and is heated to 65 ℃, then enters the atomizing spray head 27, meanwhile, part of air enters the gas heating tank 24 through the gas inlet 26 and is heated to 90 ℃, and also enters the atomizing spray head 27 under the heating of the high-pressure steam pipe 25, then the air and the water are dried in the drying tower 28, the negative pressure in the drying tower 28 is 33KPa, finally, the dried solid is collected in the solid recovery tank 12 through the solid collection box 29, and the water and the gas are condensed in the condensed water tank 32 through the condensing tower 30 and finally return to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, thereby completing the zero discharge treatment process of the whole wastewater.
Through detection, the numerical values of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the treated distilled water collected in the recovery water tank 11 are respectively 6 and 11, the PH is 7.4, the water quality in the recovery water tank completely meets the requirements of GB/T19923-2005 for the recycling of urban sewage and the water quality of industrial water, and the effect of zero discharge of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material wastewater is achieved.
Example 5
Neodymium iron boron permanent magnet sewage liquid passes through a grid machine 1 with grid gaps of 22 mm, various types of paper or sewage are crushed and isolated, then enters a magnetic powder adsorber 2, is adsorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field of 1.8 Tesla, then passes through a sand filter 3 containing medium-activity quartz sand with the particle size of 1.2 mm, is removed of solid particles, is removed of cutting fluid used in neodymium iron boron production through a carbon filter 4, and then is adjusted to have the pH value of a fifth waste liquid of 9 in a pH adjustment reaction tank 5.
Then, when the fifth waste liquid enters the ozone diffusion disc 14 through the sewage inlet pipeline 13 of the heavy metal catcher 6, the fifth waste liquid is oxidized, then is fully stirred after passing through the aeration device 15, and then passes through the partition plate group 16, so that the sewage flows between the partition plates arranged in the S shape, thereby prolonging the flowing time, fully performing the reaction, then the waste water adsorbs organic matters through the activated carbon adsorption device 17, and after the excessive metal ions are converted into carbonate precipitates through the carbon dioxide diffusion disc 18, the excessive metal ions sequentially pass through the quartz sand filter device 19 and the resin column adsorption column 20 to adsorb the metal ions, and finally, the excessive water enters the microfilter 7 through the water outlet pipeline 21.
Then, the microfilter 7 is used for carrying out microfiltration to filter suspended matters in water, the suspended matters in the water are filtered through a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane of the ultrafilter 8 to remove rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the water, then the water enters the reverse osmosis device 9 to intercept various inorganic ions through reverse osmosis, the obtained pure water is conveyed to the recovery water tank 11 for standby, and the high-salt water after reverse osmosis enters the spray evaporator 10.
Finally, in the spray evaporator 10, reverse osmosis incoming water enters a waste liquid heating tank 23 through a water pump 22 and is heated to 75 ℃, then enters an atomizing spray head 27, meanwhile, part of air enters a gas heating tank 24 through a gas inlet 26 and is heated to 100 ℃, the air also enters the atomizing spray head 27 under the heating of a high-pressure steam pipe 25, then, the air and the water are dried in a drying tower 28, the negative pressure in the drying tower 28 is 28KPa, finally, the dried solid is collected in a solid recovery tank 12 through a solid collection box 29, the water and the gas are condensed by a condensation tower 30 and enter a condensation water tank 32, and finally, the water and the gas are returned to a recovery water tank 11 for standby, so that the whole wastewater zero-emission treatment process is completed.
Through detection, the numerical values of ammonia nitrogen and COD in the treated distilled water collected in the recovery water tank 11 are respectively 3 and 8, the PH is 7, the water quality in the recovery tank completely meets the requirements of GB/T19923-2005 for the recycling of urban sewage and the water quality of industrial water, and the effect of zero discharge of the wastewater of the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet material is achieved.
It should be noted that the above summary and the detailed description are intended to demonstrate the practical application of the technical solutions provided by the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Various modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the invention. The scope of the invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A zero discharge system for waste water of neodymium iron boron permanent magnet materials is characterized by comprising a grid machine (1), a magnetic powder adsorber (2), a sand filter (3), a carbon filter (4), a pH adjusting reaction tank (5), a heavy metal catcher (6), a micro filter (7), an ultra filter (8), a reverse osmosis device (9), a spray evaporator (10), a recovery water tank (11) and a solid recovery tank (12) which are sequentially connected, wherein,
the grid machine (1) is provided with a plurality of grids for crushing and isolating various kinds of paper or dirt in the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater to form first waste liquid;
the magnetic powder adsorber (2) is provided with an electromagnetic field and is used for adsorbing and recovering magnetic powder in the first waste liquid to form a second waste liquid;
a sand filter (3) is provided with quartz sand for removing solid particles from the second spent liquor to form a third spent liquor;
a carbon filter (4) is provided with activated carbon for removing grease from the third waste liquid to form a fourth waste liquid;
a PH adjusting reaction tank (5) for adjusting the pH value of the fourth waste liquid so as to facilitate the adsorption of heavy metal of the next stage and form a fifth waste liquid;
a heavy metal trap (6) for adsorbing and removing various heavy metal precipitates contained in the fifth waste liquid to form a sixth waste liquid; wherein the heavy metal catcher (6) comprises a sewage inlet pipeline (13), an ozone diffusion disc (14), an aeration device (15), a baffle plate group (16), an activated carbon adsorption device (17), a carbon dioxide diffusion disc (18), quartz sand (19), a resin adsorption column (20) and a water outlet pipeline (21) which are sequentially connected from bottom to top,
an inlet of the sewage inlet pipeline (13) is communicated with an outlet of the pH adjusting reaction tank (5) and is used for receiving the fifth wastewater;
the ozone diffusion disc (14) and the aeration device (15) are respectively used for carrying out oxidation treatment and aeration treatment on the fifth wastewater;
the partition plate group (16) is provided with a plurality of partition plates which are arranged in an S shape and used for prolonging the flowing time of the wastewater after oxidation treatment and aeration treatment;
the activated carbon adsorption device (17) is used for adsorbing organic matters in the waste liquid;
the carbon dioxide diffusion disc (18) is used for converting metal ions in the waste liquid into carbonate precipitates;
a quartz sand filtering device (19) is used for preventing a small amount of carbonate sediment from flowing in;
the resin adsorption column (20) is used for adsorbing metal ions in the waste liquid and forming a sixth waste liquid;
the outlet of the water outlet pipeline (21) is communicated with the micro filter (7) and is used for conveying the sixth waste liquid to the micro filter (7);
the microfilter (7) is provided with a plurality of micropores and is used for removing suspended matters in the sixth waste liquid to form a seventh waste liquid;
the ultrafilter (8) is provided with a hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane and is used for removing rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the seventh waste liquid to form eighth waste liquid;
the outlet of the reverse osmosis device (9) is respectively connected with the spray evaporator (10) and the recovery water tank (11), the reverse osmosis device (9) is used for intercepting various inorganic ions in the eighth waste liquid, pure water obtained after interception is conveyed into the recovery water tank (11), and high-salinity water after reverse osmosis is conveyed into the spray evaporator (10);
the outlet of the spray evaporator (10) is respectively connected with a recovery water tank (11) and a solid recovery tank (12), the spray evaporator (10) is used for separating the high-salinity water after reverse osmosis into distilled water and solid salt, conveying the distilled water to the recovery water tank (11), and conveying the solid salt to the solid recovery tank (12);
the recovery water tank (11) is used for collecting pure water conveyed by the reverse osmosis device (9) and distilled water conveyed by the spray evaporator (10);
the solid recovery tank (12) is used for collecting and accommodating the solid salt conveyed by the spray evaporator (10).
2. The zero-emission system according to claim 1, wherein the grid gap in the grid machine (1) is 15 to 25 mm, the magnetic induction intensity of the electromagnetic field in the magnetic powder adsorber (2) is 1.0 to 2.0 tesla, the particle size of the quartz sand in the sand filter (3) is 0.5 to 1.2 mm, and the pH of the fifth waste liquid formed in the pH adjustment reaction tank (5) is 8 to 9.
3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray evaporator (10) is provided with a water pump (22) in communication with the reverse osmosis unit (9), the outlet (22) of the water pump being connected to the inlet of a waste heating tank (23), the waste heating tank (23) being adapted to heat said high-salinity water delivered by the water pump (22);
the spray evaporator (10) is also provided with a gas heating groove (24), the gas heating groove (24) is provided with a gas inlet (26), and the gas heating groove (24) is used for heating air entering through the gas inlet (26);
the outlet of the waste liquid heating tank (23) and the outlet of the gas heating tank (24) are both connected with the inlet of an atomizing nozzle (27), the outlet of the atomizing nozzle (27) is connected with the inlet of a drying tower (28), and the outlet of the drying tower (28) is respectively connected with a solid collecting box (29) for collecting solids and a condensing tower (30) for collecting water and gas; the outlet of the condensing tower (30) is connected with a condensed water tank (32).
4. The zero-emission system according to claim 3, wherein the waste liquid heating tank (23) is connected in parallel with the high-pressure steam pipe (25), and the gas heating tank (24) is connected in parallel with the high-pressure steam pipe (25).
5. The zero-emission system of claim 3, wherein the waste liquid heating tank (23) heats the high-salt water to 62-80 ℃, and the gas heating tank (24) heats the gas to 75-110 ℃.
6. The zero-emission system according to claim 3, characterized in that the drying tower (28) is connected to a vacuum unit (31) via a condensation tower (30), the vacuum unit (31) being adapted to maintain a negative pressure in the drying tower (28) below 35 KPa.
7. A zero emission process using the zero emission system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
step a): the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater passes through a grid machine (1), and various kinds of paper or dirt in the neodymium iron boron permanent magnet wastewater are crushed and isolated under the action of grids to form first waste liquid;
step b): the first waste liquid enters a magnetic powder absorber (2), and magnetic powder in the first waste liquid is absorbed and recovered under the action of an electromagnetic field with the magnetic induction intensity of 1.0-2.0 Tesla, so that a second waste liquid is formed;
step c): the second waste liquid passes through a sand filter (3), and solid particles in the second waste liquid are removed under the action of neutral quartz sand to form third waste liquid;
step d): the third waste liquid passes through a carbon filter (4) and is used for removing grease in the third waste liquid and reducing COD (chemical oxygen demand) and ammonia nitrogen under the action of activated carbon to form a fourth waste liquid;
step e): the fourth waste liquid enters a PH adjusting reaction tank (5), and the PH value of the fourth waste liquid is adjusted to be alkaline, so that a fifth waste liquid is formed;
step f): the fifth waste liquid enters a heavy metal catcher (6) to adsorb and remove various heavy metal precipitates contained in the fifth waste liquid to form a sixth waste liquid; wherein, in step f), the method further comprises the following steps:
step f-1): fifth wastewater enters an ozone diffusion disc (14) through a sewage inlet pipeline (13) to be oxidized;
step f-2): b, enabling the wastewater generated in the step f-1) to pass through an aeration device (15) and fully stirring;
step f-3): the wastewater generated in the step f-2) passes through a partition plate group (16) to prolong the flowing time of the wastewater along the S shape and fully react;
step f-4): adsorbing organic matters in the wastewater generated in the step f-3) through an activated carbon adsorption device (17);
step f-5): c, enabling the waste water generated in the step f-4) to pass through a carbon dioxide diffusion disc (18) to convert redundant metal ions into carbonate precipitates; and
step f-6): enabling the wastewater generated in the step f-5) to pass through quartz sand (19), finally adsorbing metal ions through a resin column (20), and finally enabling the water to flow out of a micro filter (7) through a water outlet pipeline (21);
step g): the sixth waste liquid enters a micro-filter (7) to remove suspended matters in the sixth waste liquid to form seventh waste liquid;
step h): the seventh waste liquid enters an ultrafilter (8) to remove rust colloid and a small amount of inorganic salt in the seventh waste liquid to form eighth waste liquid;
step i): the eighth waste liquid enters a reverse osmosis device (9), pure water obtained after interception is conveyed to a recovery water tank (11), and high-salinity water after reverse osmosis is conveyed to a spray evaporator (10); and
step j): the high-salt water after reverse osmosis is treated by a spray evaporator (10) and then separated into distilled water and solid salt, the distilled water is conveyed into a recovery water tank (11), and the solid salt is conveyed into a solid recovery tank (12).
8. The zero-emission method according to claim 7, wherein the grid gap in step a) is 15 to 25 mm, the magnetic induction intensity of the electromagnetic field in step b) is 1.0 to 2.0 tesla, the particle size of the silica sand in step c) is 0.5 to 1.2 mm, and the pH of the fifth waste liquid in step e) is 8 to 9.
9. The zero-emission process according to claim 7, characterized in that in step j) it comprises the following further steps:
step j-1): high-salt water enters a waste liquid heating tank (23) through a water pump (22) to be heated and enters an atomizing nozzle (27);
step j-2): air enters a gas heating groove (24) through a gas inlet (26) and enters an atomizing nozzle (27) under the heating action of a high-pressure steam pipe (25); and
step j-3): water and air in the atomizing nozzle (27) are dried in a drying tower (28), formed solids are collected to a solid collecting box (29), and water and gas are condensed and collected to a condensed water tank (32) through a condensing tower (30).
10. The zero-emission method according to claim 9, wherein in the step j-1), the waste liquid heating tank (23) heats the high-salt water to 62-80 ℃; in the step j-2), the gas heating tank (24) heats the gas to 75-110 ℃.
11. The zero-emission process according to claim 9, further comprising the steps of:
step j-4): the water and air in the drying tower (28) are maintained under the negative pressure of below 35KPa under the action of a vacuum unit (31).
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