CN106332068A - Safety communication method of wireless sensor network of lightweight class heterogeneous radio frequency parameters - Google Patents
Safety communication method of wireless sensor network of lightweight class heterogeneous radio frequency parameters Download PDFInfo
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- CN106332068A CN106332068A CN201610877252.1A CN201610877252A CN106332068A CN 106332068 A CN106332068 A CN 106332068A CN 201610877252 A CN201610877252 A CN 201610877252A CN 106332068 A CN106332068 A CN 106332068A
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- radio frequency
- saltus step
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/18—Self-organising networks, e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safety communication method of wireless sensor network of lightweight class heterogeneous radio frequency parameters, which generates jump pattern by combining false random sequence, to realize 3D change of three radio frequency parameters of joint bit rate, channel frequency and modulation way. The method is characterized by (1) preventing malicious interference attach of single channel through jump change of channel frequency; (2) introducing jump change of bit rate and modulation in jump change of channel frequency, to change retention time of signals and time sequence wave form, which greatly improves incoherence between signal wave form and frequency spectrum and adds price of tracking interference and invading wireless network, and effectively prevents attack of intermediary; and (3) lightweight class, able to distributively operate in each node of the wireless sensor network.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the secure communications of radio sensing network, particularly a kind of lightweight isomery radio frequency parameter saltus step
Wireless sense network safety communicating method.
Background technology
Along with wireless communication technology and the fast development of electronics technologies, low cost, low-power consumption, multi-functional wireless biography
The exploitation of sensor and extensively application are possibly realized.Yet with sensor node resource space and the restriction of power consumption, wireless sensing
Net, in the case of multi-hop ad hoc, is faced with many security threats, and radio sensing network is except to consider in cable network
Beyond the safety problem existed, also have many new safety problems, as a example by the common attack in wireless sense network.Mainly
There is following two to attack:
1) malicious interference is attacked
Malicious node broadcast data packet in the channel, causes network congestion, normal node cannot route selection, thus node
Between cannot be carried out communicating normally.
2) man-in-the-middle attack
In wireless communications, node uses, with node communication, the wireless channel shared, and malicious node can be monitored and distort
Content of Communication.
Research shows the basic reason that above-mentioned attack exists: the feature of sensor network self multi-hop communication mode makes nothing
Line sensing network is easily attacked by signal disturbing and invasion etc..Assailant utilizes shared wireless channel, can be in the wireless network
Monitor channel, to attack meanses such as channels transmit bit stream, the packets listened to before resetting.
Existing research uses speed change frequency hopping communications, authentication and the defensive measure etc. on some upper stratas for invasion and interference
Defending invasion and interference, this is improved by the present invention, has combined that channel frequency, bit rate and modulation system are multiple penetrates
Frequently parameter resists invasion and interference, adds the non-correlation between signal waveform, simultaneously by pseudo-random sequence randomization,
The three-dimensional hopping patterns making channel frequency, bit rate and modulation system composition is more complicated, various and random, greatly carries
The high anti-intrusion of radio sensing network, capacity of resisting disturbance.
In actual radio communication, wireless sensor network to be invaded, it is necessary first to catch wireless signal, then analyze nothing
The various agreements used in line communication, reduction Content of Communication, thus find out leak, implement invasion.And use combined channel frequency,
Bit rate, modulation system radio frequency multiparameter saltus step communicate compared to traditional wireless communications method, can strengthen seizure and
The difficulty of recovering signal.Owing in communication process, channel frequency, bit rate and modulation system all there occurs saltus step, invader needs
To use different bit rates and modulation system to remove sniff wireless signal at multiple channel frequencies, just can capture signal.With
Time invader to analyze the communication protocol of whole network, in addition it is also necessary to substantial amounts of sampling, to analyze the rule of saltus step in communication process
Rule, just can trace into signal of communication.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is, not enough for prior art, it is provided that a kind of lightweight isomery radio frequency ginseng
The wireless sense network safety communicating method of number saltus step.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of lightweight isomery radio frequency parameter is jumped
The wireless sense network safety communicating method become, comprises the following steps:
1) the channel frequency set F={f that hopping sequences is corresponding is generatedi| i=1,2 ... X}, fiFor in channel frequency set
I-th
Individual channel frequency;Generate the bit rate set R={r that hopping sequences is correspondingj| j=1,2 ... Y}, rjFor bit
Speed
Jth bit rate in rate set;Generate the modulation system set M={m that hopping sequences is correspondingk| k=1,2 ...
Z}, mkFor kth modulation system in modulation system set;
2) channel frequency, bit rate and modulation system being carried out random combine, the radio frequency parameter that total C kind is different is joined
Put, obtain isomery radio frequency ternary argument sequence set, be abbreviated as G{fi,rj,mk, the computing formula of C is: C=CF×CR×CM,
WhereinThe possible quantity selected for channel frequency;Select for the bit rate that residence time length is relevant
Possible quantity;The possible quantity selected for modulation system;In conjunction with pseudo-random sequence to obtained ternary argument sequence collection
Close G{fi,rj,mkInner parameter point carries out selecting control, thus generates random isomery radio frequency parameter hopping patterns sequence, letter
It is designated as G ' { fi,rj,mk};
3) the isomery radio frequency parameter hopping patterns sequence G ' { f that will have generatedi,rj,mkIt is provided in receiving-transmitting sides, and pass through
Synchronous method, makes transmitting-receiving communication two ends saltus step initial time synchronize;
4) receiving-transmitting sides is according to isomery radio frequency parameter hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkOrder carry out parameter switching,
Arranging enumerator n initial value is 1, if sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkInitial configuration radio frequency parameter is g1, it is expressed as hopping patterns sequence G '
{fi,rj,mkFirst example, g in }2It is expressed as hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkSecond example, g in }nIt is expressed as saltus step
Pattern sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkN-th example in }, the rest may be inferred;Wherein 1≤n≤c;Receiving-transmitting sides arranges next saltus step switching
Time timer;
5) when saltus step intervalometer switching time triggers, enumerator n adds 1, configures radio frequency parameter gnIf, n≤C, start
Next saltus step intervalometer switching time, goes to step 5);If n is > C, the most whole hopping patterns all travels through complete, goes to step 4), receive
Send out both sides again from isomery radio frequency parameter g1Start.
Receiving-transmitting sides arranges the process of next saltus step intervalometer switching time: if under continuous data transmission mode,
After often carrying out primary parameter switching, according to parameter bits speed r in current ternary argument sequence set, transmission packet is
Long length lmax, calculate current residence time t=lmax/ r, arranging next saltus step timer value switching time is that t+ Δ t, Δ t are
The switch protecting time;If under cycle data transfer pattern, receiving-transmitting sides triggers according to sampling period T simultaneously and arranges down hop
Becoming intervalometer switching time, next saltus step timer interval switching time time is T;T > > lmax/rmin, rminFor minimum bit
Speed.
In existing Frequency-hopping Communication Technology, radiofrequency signal typically uses single transfer rate and modulation system, therefore, often
The aerial residence time of bit radiofrequency signal is identical, and signal waveform degree of association is high so that signal is readily identified after being trapped, decoding.
Realize changing the function of channel by changing communication frequency, increase the Tracking Jam difficulty to signal capture.Institute
Meaning changes channel, the method that the most traditional frequency hopping communications uses.
The change residence time real-time by changing bit rate, so that energy changes, it is adaptable to data are divided
The transmission of group.So-called variable Rate refers to change the radio frequency transmission bit speed of radio communication according to certain algorithm pseudorandom
Rate, i.e. every aerial residence time of bit radiofrequency signal is no longer changeless, but pseudorandom in a variety of bit rates
Be changed.
By changing modulation system, reduce the dependency between transmission signal waveform, increase Tracking Jam and target is believed
Number identification difficulty.Change modulation system, change the transmission amplitude of signal, frequency and phase place the most in the physical sense.In fact
Matter is to change the parameter of signal waveform, adds signal and is identified the difficulty of intercepting and capturing.
So increasing modulation system and the change of transmitted bit speed on traditional frequency-hopping communication method, utilize three-dimensional
The hopping patterns that isomery saltus step parameter generates, its complexity and hopping patterns amount of space have significantly increase, and then add
The difficulty that hopping patterns is decoded by sniff side, thus the method realizing secure communication.
Compared with prior art, the had the beneficial effect that present invention of the present invention changes while channel hopping and penetrates
Frequently parameter bits speed and modulation system, forms the hopping patterns simultaneously changed with bit rate, channel frequency and modulation system,
In time domain, change the signal characteristics such as the residence time of waveform, bit period and wave amplitude, add the uncertainty of signal,
Reduce tracked probability;On frequency domain, change the frequency spectrum of modulated signal, enhance the irrelevant of signal frequency spectrum
Property so that sniff person is difficult to trace analysis signal characteristic.
To sum up, the method applied in the present invention, have the advantage that (1) saltus step by channel frequency, can defend single
The malicious interference of channel is attacked;(2) in channel frequency saltus step simultaneously, by introducing bit rate and the saltus step of modulation system, change
Become residence time and the timing waveform form of signal, drastically increased the non-correlation between signal waveform, frequency spectrum, increased
Follow the tracks of interference and the cost of invasion wireless network, can effectively defend man-in-the-middle attack;(3) lightweight, can run in a distributed manner
On each node in wireless sense network.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the actual effect schematic diagram that the present invention is obtained by spectrum analyzer from frequency domain;
Fig. 2 is the actual effect schematic diagram that the present invention is obtained by oscillograph from time domain.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention uses CC1101 or CC2500 radio frequency chip and ATmega128 microprocessor to constitute wireless sensor node
Point, runs embedded type wireless sensing net TinyOS operating system, the interface of design isomery radio frequency parameter saltus step switching and assembly, leads to
Cross the programmable register of radio frequency chip, control to arrange channel frequency, modulation system, bit rate, it is achieved receiving-transmitting sides isomery
Radio frequency parameter switches.
CC1101 frequency range: CC1101 can be operated in 300-348MHz, 387-463MHz and 779-928MHz frequency range;
Support more modulation pattern (OOK, ASK, GFSK, 2-FSK, 4-FSK and MSK), can arrange between 1.2kbps to 500kbps
Bit rate.
CC2500 frequency range: 2400.0MHz~2483.5MHz working frequency range;Support more modulation pattern (OOK,
GFSK, 2-FSK and MSK)), the bit rate between 1.2kbps to 500kbps can be set.
The channel frequency of radio frequency chip has CHANNR register configuration, and it is the depositor of eight, and it is mainly used in
Select the communication channel under a certain fundamental frequency.Low two values determining CHANSPC_E of MDMCFG1 modulation /demodulation depositor,
MDMCFG0 modulation /demodulation depositor (8) determines the value of CHANSPC_M.Then, the value of above-mentioned depositor can be by below equation
Calculate:
Wherein, formula (1) is fundamental frequency computing formula, formula (2) position channel spacing Bandwidth Calculation Formula, and formula (3) is public
Formula (1) and formula (2) sum, be expressed as channel carrier frequencies.
The modulation system of radio frequency chip is configured by MDMCFG2 depositor, when using 2-FSK/GFSK modulation,
DEVIATN depositor defines the expected frequency deviation of input signal in RX pattern.Utilize in DEVIATN depositor
Frequency departure is programmed by DEVIATION_M and DEVIATION_E value.This value is index/mantissa's form, and final deviation can
Drawn by formula 4
The bit rate of radio frequency chip is configured by MDMCFG3 and MDMCFG4 depositor, computational methods such as formula (5) institute
Showing, wherein, R_M represents complete 8 the binary values of depositor MDMCFG3, R_E represent depositor MDMCFG4 low 4 binary
Value, fxoscRepresent the crystal oscillator frequency of processor.
As a example by CC1101 radio frequency chip, selected frequency hopping channel f1=315MHz, f2=433MHz, f3=915Mhz;Will
f1、f2、f3Substitute into formula 3 respectively, be calculated the value of the CHANSPC_E of low two of three groups of MDMCFG1 modulation /demodulation depositors,
And the value of the CHANSPC_M of MDMCFG0 modulation /demodulation depositor (8).
In like manner select bit rate r1=9.6kbps, r2=19.2kbps, r3=38.4kbps;And selected modulation system
m1=ASK, m2=FSK, m3=MSK;And correspondence calculates the value in MDMCFG2, MDMCFG3 and MDMCFG4 depositor.More than by
Parameter, can form ternary parameter array G{f of corresponding register value1,r1,m1;f1,r1,m2;......;f3,r3,m3It is total to C=CF
×CM×CRThe ternary parameter array of=27 groups of various combinations.
After ternary parameter array G is carried out M sequence, obtain a pseudorandom three-dimensional hopping sequences G ' { fi,rj,mk}。
Then by the pseudorandom three-dimensional hopping patterns download configuration of communication configuration and generation to receiving-transmitting sides, and initialize.Logical
The time synchronization protocol TPSN crossed in wireless sense network carries out receiving-transmitting sides time synchronized.
One, under continuous data transmission mode, after synchronously completing, by hopping patterns sequence after M sequence first group three
Tuple parameters is sent to saltus step changeover module module, calls saltus step changeover module module and carries out radio frequency parameter switching.Receiving-transmitting sides
Trigger simultaneously and choose current tlv triple, according to parameter bits speed r in current tlv triple, transmission packet greatest length
lmax, calculate current residence time t=lmax/ r, obtains next saltus step t+ switching time Δ t, arranges next saltus step fixed for switching time
Time device (wherein Δ t is the switch protecting time), transmitting and receiving data.
When receiving-transmitting sides triggers next saltus step intervalometer switching time, go back to hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,rj,mk, choose
Next organizes triplet parameters, is sent to saltus step changeover module module, calls saltus step changeover module and carries out radio frequency parameter switching, and presses
Current radio frequency parameter recalculates and arranges next saltus step intervalometer switching time, transmitting and receiving data.
Two, under cycle data transfer pattern, after synchronously completing, call saltus step changeover module module and carry out radio frequency parameter and cut
Change.Receiving-transmitting sides triggers according to sampling period T simultaneously and arranges next saltus step intervalometer switching time, and the timer interval time is T.
Sender checks currently transmitted queue: if queue is not for empty, then send packet.When saltus step timing switching time
After device triggers, go back to hopping patterns sequence, choose next group triplet parameters, be sent to saltus step changeover module module, call jumping
Become changeover module module and carry out radio frequency parameter switching, and restart next saltus step intervalometer switching time timing, send next
Individual packet is until queue is empty;If transmit queue is empty, after waiting that saltus step intervalometer switching time triggers, go back to saltus step figure
Case sequence, chooses next group triplet parameters, is sent to saltus step changeover module module, calls saltus step changeover module module and penetrate
Frequently parameter switching, and restart next saltus step intervalometer switching time timing.
When next saltus step intervalometer switching time of recipient triggers, go back to hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,rj,mk, choose down
One group of triplet parameters, is sent to saltus step changeover module module, calls saltus step changeover module and carries out radio frequency parameter switching, and again
Start next saltus step intervalometer switching time timing, wait data to be received.
Fig. 1 is that the actual effect that the present invention is tested to by the maximum retained-mode of spectrum analyzer from frequency domain is illustrated
Figure, audiofrequency spectrometer parameter: mid frequency is 2.403GHz, sweep wide 4.401MHz, sweep time 10ms.As can be seen from the figure have 8
The channel frequency of individual saltus step, uses the modulation system of ASK simultaneously at first frequency signal, and second frequency signal uses
Be the modulation system of 2-FSK, be indicated above isomery radio frequency multiparameter saltus step medium frequency and modulation system there occurs change.
Fig. 2 is the actual effect schematic diagram that the present invention is tested to by oscillograph from time domain, oscillograph parameter: between transverse axis
Every 100ms, longitudinal axis interval 10mV.By sending a fixed-length data bag, contrast time of giving out a contract for a project illustrates to give out a contract for a project bit speed
The change of rate.As can be seen from the figure the time of giving out a contract for a project of its correspondence of packet of equal length is respectively 100ms and 140ms, by
This shows that in isomery multiparameter saltus step, bit rate change causes signal residence time to change.
The present invention tests radio sensing network node radio-frequency communication module used and is respectively CC1101 and CC2500, MCU
Use is all ATmega128 processor.
Claims (2)
1. the wireless sense network safety communicating method of a lightweight isomery radio frequency parameter saltus step, it is characterised in that include following
Step:
1) the channel frequency set F={f that hopping sequences is corresponding is generatedi| i=1,2 ... X}, fiFor i-th in channel frequency set
Channel frequency;Generate the bit rate set R={r that hopping sequences is correspondingj| j=1,2 ... Y}, rjFor in bit rate set
Jth bit rate;Generate the modulation system set M={M that hopping sequences is correspondingk| k=1,2 ... Z}, mkFor modulation system collection
Kth modulation system in conjunction;
2) channel frequency, bit rate and modulation system are carried out random combine, the radio frequency parameter configuration that total C kind is different,
Obtain isomery radio frequency ternary argument sequence set, be designated as G{fi,rj,mk, the computing formula of C is: C=CF×CR×CM, whereinThe possible quantity selected for channel frequency;The possibility selected for the bit rate that residence time length is relevant
Quantity;The possible quantity selected for modulation system;In conjunction with pseudo-random sequence to obtained ternary argument sequence set G
{fi,rj,mkInner parameter point carries out selecting control, thus generates random isomery radio frequency parameter hopping patterns sequence, be abbreviated as
G′{fi,rj,mk};
3) the isomery radio frequency parameter hopping patterns sequence G ' { f that will have generatedi,rj,mkIt is provided in receiving-transmitting sides, and by synchronizing
Method, makes transmitting-receiving communication two ends saltus step initial time synchronize;
4) receiving-transmitting sides is according to isomery radio frequency parameter hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkOrder carry out parameter switching, arrange
Enumerator n initial value is 1, if sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkInitial configuration radio frequency parameter is g1, it is expressed as hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,
rj,mkFirst example, g in }2It is expressed as hopping patterns sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkSecond example, g in }nIt is expressed as saltus step figure
Case sequence G ' { fi,rj,mkN-th example in }, the rest may be inferred;Wherein 1≤n≤C;When receiving-transmitting sides arranges next saltus step switching
Between intervalometer;
5) when saltus step intervalometer switching time triggers, enumerator n adds 1, configures radio frequency parameter gnIf, n≤C, start down hop
Become intervalometer switching time, go to step 5);If n is > C, the most whole hopping patterns all travels through complete, goes to step 4), receiving-transmitting sides
Again from isomery radio frequency parameter g1Start.
The wireless sense network safety communicating method of lightweight isomery radio frequency parameter saltus step the most according to claim 1, it is special
Levying and be, receiving-transmitting sides arranges the process of next saltus step intervalometer switching time and is: if under continuous data transmission mode, often
After carrying out primary parameter switching, according to parameter bits speed r in current ternary argument sequence set, transmission packet is maximum
Length lmax, calculate current residence time t=lmax/ r, arranging next saltus step timer value switching time is t+ Δ t, and Δ t is for cutting
Change guard time;If under cycle data transfer pattern, receiving-transmitting sides triggers according to sampling period T simultaneously and arranges next saltus step
Switching time intervalometer, next saltus step timer interval switching time time is T;T > > lmax/rmin, rminFor minimum bit speed
Rate.
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CN102638436A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-15 | 南京大学 | Method and system for realizing high-security fast frequency-hopping transmission |
CN103944606A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-07-23 | 电子科技大学 | Self-adaptation frequency hopping pattern generation method |
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