CN106328994A - Lithium ion battery electrolyte compatible with functions of reducing liquid proportion in battery cell and controlling cycle performance - Google Patents

Lithium ion battery electrolyte compatible with functions of reducing liquid proportion in battery cell and controlling cycle performance Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106328994A
CN106328994A CN201510378824.7A CN201510378824A CN106328994A CN 106328994 A CN106328994 A CN 106328994A CN 201510378824 A CN201510378824 A CN 201510378824A CN 106328994 A CN106328994 A CN 106328994A
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lithium
electrolyte
carbonate
ion battery
battery
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CN106328994B (en
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薛利
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Guizhou Xingli New Energy Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lithium ion battery electrolyte compatible with functions of reducing liquid proportion in a battery cell and controlling cycle performance. The lithium ion battery electrolyte comprises an organic solvent, a lithium salt and an additive, wherein the lithium salt is dissolved in the organic solvent, a solvent additive constituent is further added to the electrolyte, takes a reactive diluents as a main and comprises one or more combinations of acrylics diluents containing unsaturated double bonds, and weight percent of the solvent additive constituent in the electrolyte accounts for 0.1-40%. In the electrolyte prepared according to the abovementioned technical scheme, the electrolyte will form a stable non-liquid constituent, the content of the liquid constituent in the battery cell is reduced, an SEI membrane constituent is favorably formed, meanwhile, a polymer structure having liquid absorption capability can be formed, so that the battery stability is improved.

Description

A kind of having concurrently reduces liquid fraction and the lithium-ion battery electrolytes controlling cycle performance in battery core
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the technical field of electrolyte of lithium ion battery, particularly relate to a kind of controlled preparing lithium ion battery Middle liquid electrolyte liquid hold-up, that improves circulating battery security performance has liquid fraction and control in reduction battery core concurrently simultaneously The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of cycle performance processed.
Background technology:
Along with scientific technological advance, the raising of people's living standard, the lithium ion battery providing electric energy is existed by people The aspects such as specific capacity, cycle life, safety are had higher requirement.Composition portion as lithium ion battery Divide electrolyte impact each performance above, determine the above-mentioned performance of battery to a certain extent.In electrolyte inorganic The weight ratio of electrolyte, typically between 8-20%, remaining holds incendive organic solvent and additive exactly. If able to the specified addition of electrolyte in reduction battery, the most do not affect the normal performance requirement of battery that will have very much should Use prospect.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem to be solved overcomes the deficiencies in the prior art exactly, it is provided that one has reduction electricity concurrently In-core liquid fraction and the lithium-ion battery electrolytes controlling cycle performance.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical scheme: this lithium-ion battery electrolytes Including: organic solvent, the lithium salts being dissolved in organic solvent and additive, described electrolyte is also added with molten Agent addition agent component, this solvent additive component is based on reactive diluent, and the propylene containing unsaturated double-bond One or more combinations of esters of gallic acid diluent；Described solvent additive component weight percent in the electrolytic solution Ratio is: 0.1%～40%.
Furthermore, in technique scheme, described additive is any one or group in following material Close: vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile.
Furthermore, in technique scheme, described organic solvent is: ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid diformazan Ester, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, Allyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butylene, acetic acid second Any one or two kinds in ester, propylene acetate, fluorobenzene, fluorinated ethylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolacton and Two or more any combinations than row.
Furthermore, in technique scheme, described lithium salts is: lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, Di-oxalate lithium borate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, high chlorine Acid lithium, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium iodide in one or combination, its concentration in the electrolytic solution be 0.8～ 1.5mo1/L。
Furthermore, in technique scheme, described solvent additive component is that esters of acrylic acid activity is dilute Release one or the combination of agent, specifically can use: hexanediyl ester, the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester In any one or combination.
The electrolyte made by technique scheme, after battery core fluid injection, standing, preliminary filling, chemical conversion, partial volume, In charge and discharge process, after carrying out chemical reaction, electrolyte will form stable non-liquid component.Reduce battery core The content of middle liquid composition, and advantageously form SEI membrane component, can be formed simultaneously and there is imbibition ability Polymer architecture, thus improve stability test.
The present invention is as the organic solvent of liquid using this, is consolidated by the solvent additive component added in the present invention It is melted into stable polymer material, simultaneously can other liquid composition in Electolyte-absorptive.Relative to gel electrolyte Liquid, the manufacture method of the present invention does not the most change compared with traditional electrolyte lithium battery manufacture method, The most traditional electrolyte lithium ion battery manufacturer, electrolyte producer without doing improvement on equipment, renewal, Relative to the lithium ion battery of gel electrolyte, make lithium ion battery by the present invention convenient.
Detailed description of the invention:
The electrolyte of lithium ion battery of the present invention includes: organic solvent, the lithium salts being dissolved in organic solvent, Additive, and active solvent additive component used in the present invention.
Identical with existing electrolyte lithium ion battery, in the present invention, described organic electrolyte is: ethylene Alkene ester, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, Allyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, carbonic acid Appointing in butene esters, ethyl acetate, propylene acetate, fluorobenzene, fluorinated ethylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolacton Anticipate one or both and two or more any than row combination.Preferably: ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/carbonic acid The mixture of methyl ethyl ester three, wherein the mass ratio of four is (10～40)/(20～60)/(10～50).
Described lithium salts is: lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, In two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, lithium perchlorate, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium iodide One or more.Preferably lithium hexafluoro phosphate, its concentration in the electrolytic solution is 0.8～1.5mo1/L.
The described vinylene carbonate in typical additives, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, One or more in succinonitrile, adiponitrile, total amount accounts for electrolyte weight: 0～5%.
Electrolyte difference used in the present invention and existing lithium ion battery is: the present invention is organic Solvent adds the solvent additive component of doses.Described solvent additive component is esters of acrylic acid Reactive diluent one or more and multiple mixture.Part by weight 0.1%-40% the most in the electrolytic solution. In the present invention, described solvent additive component, based on reactive diluent, can use containing unsaturated double-bond One or more combinations in esters of acrylic acid diluent.Specifically can use: hexanediyl ester, ring carbon Any one or combination in the mono acrylic ester of acid esters.
The principle analysis of the present invention is as follows:
In lithium-ion battery electrolytes, by battery is toasted before and after first charge-discharge after battery liquid-filling, battery Internal both positive and negative polarity carries out polyreaction, and catalytic polymerization in battery charge and discharge process to unsaturated solvent catalysis Reaction, and during cell degradation, generate the polymers compositions of non-liquid, also it is one of SEI membrane component.This gathers Compound absorbs other liquid organic solvent.Then, by carrying out electrochemical synthesis further, occur with additive Electrochemical reaction generates SEI film jointly.
By additive it is below: as a example by undersaturated vinylene carbonate, relevant chemical equation is entered Row explanation:
Vinylene carbonate is one-tenth SEI film group the most general in lithium-ion battery electrolytes, and its chemical molecular formula is:
The solvent additive component that in the present invention, solvent additive uses contains unsaturated double-bond, epoxide group, ester Group isoreactivity group, these solvent additive components are unsaturated compound, and the chemical molecular formula of its correspondence can It is expressed as:
Vinylene carbonate will react with above-mentioned unsaturated compound, forms polymer, the most unsaturated Also can produce chemical reaction between compound itself, form polymer.Concrete chemical equation is as follows:
Above-mentioned R1、R2、R3Remainder outside for double bond, n is natural number.
Specifically, the present invention use hexanediyl ester, cyclic carbonate ester mono acrylic ester as above-mentioned Solvent additive component, the chemical molecular formula of the two is as follows:
The molecular formula of hexanediyl ester:
The molecular formula of the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester:
The mono acrylic ester of this cyclic carbonate ester can use the product of Cross jakt, code name CL1042.But not office Limit and these materials.
Comparative example 1
By lithium salts LiPF6It is dissolved in the mixed of ethylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate/Ethyl methyl carbonate (mass ratio 3/5/4) Bonding solvent obtains solvent, the vinylene carbonate of the 1% of addition gross mass, wherein LiPF6Concentration is 1.0mol/L, obtains contrasting electrolyte.The routines such as the test moisture of electrolyte, acidity, electrical conductivity, density refer to Mark, qualified after according to battery testing technological requirement carry out vacuum bakeout battery, fluid injection, standing, preliminary filling, chemical conversion, Aging, circulations etc. are tested.According to placing 1-24h between the aging employing of actual test case 30 DEG C-85 DEG C.
Comparative example 2
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The 1,3-propane sultone accounting for electrolyte gross mass 2% is added on plinth.
Embodiment 1
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base Add on plinth and account for electrolyte gross mass 0.1% hexanediyl ester.
Embodiment 2
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base Add on plinth and account for electrolyte gross mass 1% hexanediyl ester.
Embodiment 3
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base Add on plinth and account for electrolyte gross mass 10% hexanediyl ester.
Embodiment 4
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base Add on plinth and account for electrolyte gross mass 20% hexanediyl ester.
Embodiment 5
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The mono acrylic ester (CL1042) accounting for electrolyte gross mass 0.1% cyclic carbonate ester is added on plinth.
Embodiment 6
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The mono acrylic ester (CL1042) accounting for electrolyte gross mass 1% cyclic carbonate ester is added on plinth.
Embodiment 7
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The mono acrylic ester (CL1042) accounting for electrolyte gross mass 10% cyclic carbonate ester is added on plinth.
Embodiment 8
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The mono acrylic ester (CL1042) accounting for electrolyte gross mass 20% cyclic carbonate ester is added on plinth.
Embodiment 9
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base On plinth, each addition accounts for the hexanediyl ester of electrolyte gross mass 0.1% and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester (CL1042)。
Embodiment 10
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base On plinth, each addition accounts for the hexanediyl ester of electrolyte gross mass 0.5% and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester (CL1042)。
Embodiment 11
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base On plinth, each addition accounts for the hexanediyl ester of electrolyte gross mass 5% and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester (CL1042)。
Embodiment 12
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base On plinth, each addition accounts for the hexanediyl ester of electrolyte gross mass 10% and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester (CL1042)。
Embodiment 13
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 2 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The hexanediyl ester accounting for electrolyte gross mass 0.1% is added on plinth.
Embodiment 14
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 2 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base The mono acrylic ester (CL1042) of the cyclic carbonate ester of gross mass 0.1% is added on plinth.
Embodiment 15
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 2 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base On plinth, each addition accounts for the hexanediyl ester of electrolyte gross mass 5% and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester (CL1042)。
Embodiment 16
Prepare electrolyte according to the identical method of comparative example 1 and battery is tested, except for the difference that at this base On plinth, each addition accounts for the hexanediyl ester of electrolyte gross mass 20% and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester (CL1042)。
The hexanediyl ester added in above-described embodiment and the mono acrylic ester of cyclic carbonate ester are respectively provided with not Saturated double bond, epoxide group, ester group isoreactivity group, and hexanediyl ester and cyclic carbonate ester Mono acrylic ester is esters of acrylic acid reactive diluent.
In in above-mentioned comparative example 1-2 and embodiment 1-16, each composition proportion is tabulated below.
For the ease of contrast, in above-mentioned all of comparative example and embodiment, additive all employs vinylene carbonate Ester, and the weight ratio that vinylene carbonate is in the electrolytic solution is all 1%.
Experimental result
The present invention uses the cycle performance of Shenzhen new prestige cell tester test battery.
Electrolyte after the configuration of comparative example 1, comparative example 2 and all embodiments is injected with batch same model In battery, test battery normal temperature environment under 0-4.2V carries out 100 cycle performance tests of 1C.All right Before and after ratio and embodiment room temperature circulation volume conservation rate and circulation, thickness compares Data Comparison such as following table:
Electric performance test such as following table:
Data explanation is tested, by this by the charge-discharge performance of embodiment each in upper table and the battery of comparative example The electrolyte of bright preparation dissociates fluohydric acid content and the lithium ion battery circulation longevity at 0-4.2V, 1C rate charge-discharge Life is substantially better than the battery prepared by comparative example nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
It addition, be analyzed after the battery of above-mentioned experiment is dissected, after using the electrolyte of the present invention, logical Cross and add this appropriate solvent additive component at organic solvent, it is possible to reduce liquid electrolyte during battery use The content of liquid, advantageously reduces the content of visible liquid electrolyte after same size battery discharge and recharge, and not shadow Ring battery performance.
Certainly, the above is only embodiments of the invention, not limits the scope of the invention, all depends on The equivalence that structure, feature and principle described in scope of the present invention patent is done changes or modifies, and all should include In scope of the present invention patent.

Claims (5)

1. have concurrently and reduce liquid fraction and a lithium-ion battery electrolytes for control cycle performance in battery core, wrap Include: organic solvent, the lithium salts being dissolved in organic solvent and additive, it is characterised in that:
Being also added with solvent additive component in described electrolyte, this solvent additive component is with reactive diluent It is main, and contains the one in the esters of acrylic acid diluent of unsaturated double-bond or combination；
Described solvent additive component percentage by weight in the electrolytic solution is: 0.1%～40%.
A kind of having concurrently the most according to claim 1 reduces liquid fraction and control cycle performance in battery core Lithium-ion battery electrolytes, it is characterised in that: described additive is any one or combination in following material: Vinylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, 1,3-propane sultone, succinonitrile, adiponitrile.
A kind of having concurrently the most according to claim 1 reduces liquid fraction and control cycle performance in battery core Lithium-ion battery electrolytes, it is characterised in that: described organic solvent is: ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, Diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, Allyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, butylene, ethyl acetate, Any one or two kinds and two kinds in propylene acetate, fluorobenzene, fluorinated ethylene carbonate or gamma-butyrolacton Any of the above is than the combination of row.
A kind of having concurrently the most according to claim 1 reduces liquid fraction and control cycle performance in battery core Lithium-ion battery electrolytes, it is characterised in that: described lithium salts is: lithium hexafluoro phosphate, LiBF4, double Lithium bis (oxalate) borate, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium, hexafluoroarsenate lithium, perchloric acid One in lithium, trifluoromethyl sulfonic acid lithium, lithium iodide or combination, its concentration in the electrolytic solution be 0.8～ 1.5mo1/L。
5. have concurrently according to the one described in any one in claim 1-4 and reduce liquid fraction and control in battery core The lithium-ion battery electrolytes of cycle performance processed, it is characterised in that: described solvent additive component is: oneself is two years old Alcohol diacrylate, cyclic carbonate ester mono acrylic ester in any one or combination.
CN201510378824.7A 2015-06-27 2015-06-27 It is a kind of to have both the lithium-ion battery electrolytes for reducing liquid fraction and control loop performance in battery core Active CN106328994B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106785043A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-05-31 佛山市实达科技有限公司 Resistant to elevated temperatures rate electrolyte
CN111477954A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-07-31 西湖大学 High-concentration re-diluted electrolyte and preparation method thereof
CN114094102A (en) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-25 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Secondary battery

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101548426A (en) * 2006-10-25 2009-09-30 株式会社Lg化学 Non-aqueous electrolyte and electrochemical device comprising the same
CN101682082A (en) * 2007-06-11 2010-03-24 株式会社Lg化学 Non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery comprising the same
US20140079988A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Electrolyte for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101548426A (en) * 2006-10-25 2009-09-30 株式会社Lg化学 Non-aqueous electrolyte and electrochemical device comprising the same
CN101682082A (en) * 2007-06-11 2010-03-24 株式会社Lg化学 Non-aqueous electrolyte and secondary battery comprising the same
US20140079988A1 (en) * 2012-09-20 2014-03-20 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Electrolyte for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery including the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106785043A (en) * 2017-02-09 2017-05-31 佛山市实达科技有限公司 Resistant to elevated temperatures rate electrolyte
CN111477954A (en) * 2020-04-22 2020-07-31 西湖大学 High-concentration re-diluted electrolyte and preparation method thereof
CN114094102A (en) * 2021-11-03 2022-02-25 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Secondary battery
WO2023078367A1 (en) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-11 珠海冠宇电池股份有限公司 Secondary battery

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