CN106324344A - Instantaneously measured waveform-based nonlinear load electricity consumption characteristic analysis system and method - Google Patents
Instantaneously measured waveform-based nonlinear load electricity consumption characteristic analysis system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基于瞬时实测波形的非线性负荷用电特性分析系统及方法，首先测得非线性负荷供电电压基波的95％概率大值以及电流各次谐波的95％概率大值；用供电电压基波的95％概率大值重新构造供电电压实时波形；用电流各次谐波的95％概率大值重新构造实时电流波形；对构造的实时电压波形和实时电流波形进行周期性采样，计算各采样点的瞬时阻抗，得到非线性负荷的非线性用电特性。本发明应用电能质量或非线性用电监测系统实时检测数据，利于及时分析非线性负荷的用电特性，本发明步骤简单，通用性强，得到的非线性用电特性可供各类离线分析计算时重复使用。The present invention relates to a nonlinear load electrical characteristic analysis system and method based on an instantaneous measured waveform. Reconstruct the real-time waveform of the power supply voltage with the 95% probability value of the voltage fundamental wave; reconstruct the real-time current waveform with the 95% probability value of each harmonic of the current; periodically sample the constructed real-time voltage waveform and real-time current waveform, and calculate The instantaneous impedance of each sampling point is used to obtain the nonlinear power consumption characteristics of the nonlinear load. The present invention uses power quality or nonlinear power consumption monitoring system to detect data in real time, which is beneficial to analyze the power consumption characteristics of nonlinear loads in time. The invention has simple steps and strong versatility, and the obtained nonlinear power consumption characteristics can be used for various off-line analysis and calculation be used repeatedly.
Description
【技术领域】【Technical field】
本发明涉及用电特性分析领域，具体涉及基于瞬时实测波形的非线性负荷用电特性分析系统及方法。The invention relates to the field of analysis of power consumption characteristics, in particular to a nonlinear load power consumption characteristic analysis system and method based on instantaneous measured waveforms.
【背景技术】【Background technique】
电力供用电系统是一个复杂的电磁环境，其电磁骚扰的干扰源是非线性负荷，因此研究非线性负荷的用电特性是实现供用电系统电磁兼容的重要议题之一。首先，低频传导干扰发射水平的控制是实现供用电系统电磁兼容的基本途径，而发射水平的控制需要对非线性负荷用电特性的充分研究与理解；其次，电磁骚扰控制设备一般就近非线性负荷设置，此时，非线性负荷用电特性及其生产工艺过程分析是影响控制设备类型、容量、冗余度、控制策略的关键因素；第三，非线型负荷用电特性及其干扰传播特性的研究，是提高电力系统整体抗扰度水平的基本要求。The electric power supply system is a complex electromagnetic environment, and the interference source of its electromagnetic disturbance is the nonlinear load. Therefore, it is one of the important issues to realize the electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply system to study the power consumption characteristics of the nonlinear load. First of all, the control of the emission level of low-frequency conducted interference is the basic way to realize the electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply system, and the control of the emission level requires a full study and understanding of the electrical characteristics of nonlinear loads; secondly, the electromagnetic disturbance control equipment is generally near the nonlinear Load setting, at this time, the nonlinear load power consumption characteristics and its production process analysis are the key factors affecting the control equipment type, capacity, redundancy, and control strategy; third, the nonlinear load power consumption characteristics and its interference propagation The study of the characteristics is the basic requirement to improve the overall immunity level of the power system.
可见，研究并实现一种非线性负荷用电特性的获取方法在供用电系统电磁兼容控制中很有必要。关于针对非线性负荷用电特性的分析的实用方法较少，实用化的、普遍适用的、真正应用到实际工程的方法更是廖廖无几。目前非线性负荷用电特性的分析方法主要是谐波测量法、计算机模型仿真分析法和理论计算法。It can be seen that it is necessary to study and implement a method for obtaining nonlinear load power characteristics in the electromagnetic compatibility control of power supply systems. There are few practical methods for the analysis of nonlinear load power characteristics, and there are few practical, universally applicable methods that are truly applied to actual engineering. At present, the analysis methods of nonlinear load power consumption characteristics are mainly harmonic measurement method, computer model simulation analysis method and theoretical calculation method.
其中，谐波测量法主要是测量非线性负荷产生的谐波电流，即应用瞬时FFT(FastFourier Transform，快速傅立叶变换)变换实测非线性负荷产生的各次谐波。该方法的优点在于简单，明了；但是每一次都必须到现场实测，而且受背景谐波电压及电网参数的影响较大。Among them, the harmonic measurement method is mainly to measure the harmonic current generated by the nonlinear load, that is, to apply the instantaneous FFT (FastFourier Transform, Fast Fourier Transform) to transform each harmonic generated by the measured nonlinear load. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and clear; however, it must be measured on site every time, and it is greatly affected by the background harmonic voltage and grid parameters.
对于能够建立精确模型的非线性负荷，例如通过电力电子进行能源转换的非线性负荷，通常采用专用计算机模型仿真分析。例如采用目前广泛应用的Matlab(matrixlaboratory，矩阵实验室),PSCAD(Power Systems Computer Aided Design，电力系统辅助设计)专用软件等。该方法主要针对电力电子非线性负荷，无法实现综合性非线性负荷的建模分析；而且对于其它类型的非线性负荷例如电弧炉也无法适用。For nonlinear loads that can establish accurate models, such as nonlinear loads for energy conversion through power electronics, special computer model simulation analysis is usually used. For example, Matlab (matrixlaboratory, matrix laboratory), PSCAD (Power Systems Computer Aided Design, power system aided design) special software, etc., which are widely used at present, are used. This method is mainly aimed at nonlinear loads of power electronics, and cannot realize the modeling and analysis of comprehensive nonlinear loads; it is also not applicable to other types of nonlinear loads such as electric arc furnaces.
理论计算法也主要针对电力电子非线性负荷，采用电力电子电路原理推导相关计算公式，非线性负荷的谐波电流。该方法与计算机模型仿真分析法的缺点相同，也主要针对电力电子负荷；另外，该方法需要复杂的解析计算，不简便。The theoretical calculation method is also mainly aimed at power electronic nonlinear loads, and uses the principles of power electronic circuits to derive relevant calculation formulas and harmonic currents of nonlinear loads. This method has the same disadvantages as the computer model simulation analysis method, and it is mainly aimed at power electronic loads; in addition, this method requires complex analytical calculations and is not easy.
【发明内容】【Content of invention】
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种基于瞬时实测波形的非线性负荷用电特性分析系统及方法，采用实测非线性负荷运行过程中的相关电压电流并构造实时波形分析非线性负荷的用电特性，通用性好。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, and provide a nonlinear load electrical characteristic analysis system and method based on instantaneous measured waveforms, using the related voltage and current during the operation of the measured nonlinear load and constructing real-time waveform analysis Non-linear load power characteristics, good versatility.
为了达到上述目的，本发明方法采用如下技术方案：In order to achieve the above object, the inventive method adopts following technical scheme:
包括以下步骤：Include the following steps:
步骤一，测得非线性负荷供电电压基波的95％概率大值以及电流各次谐波的95％概率大值；Step 1, measure the 95% probability maximum value of the fundamental wave of the nonlinear load supply voltage and the 95% probability maximum value of each harmonic of the current;
步骤二，用供电电压基波的95％概率大值构造供电电压实时波形；用电流各次谐波的95％概率大值构造实时电流波形；Step 2, constructing a real-time waveform of the power supply voltage with a large value of 95% probability of the fundamental wave of the power supply voltage; constructing a real-time current waveform with a large value of 95% probability of each harmonic of the current;
步骤三，对构造的供电电压实时波形和实时电流波形进行周期性采样，计算各采样点的瞬时阻抗，得到非线性负荷的非线性用电特性。Step 3: Periodically sample the constructed real-time waveform of the supply voltage and real-time current waveform, calculate the instantaneous impedance of each sampling point, and obtain the nonlinear power consumption characteristics of the nonlinear load.
进一步地，步骤二中利用供电电压基波的95％概率大值的电压幅值及其相位重新构造供电电压实时波形。Further, in the second step, the real-time waveform of the power supply voltage is reconstructed by using the voltage amplitude and its phase of a 95% probability large value of the fundamental wave of the power supply voltage.
进一步地，步骤三中周期为20ms，每个周期中采样点数为2n，n为正整数。Further, the period in step 3 is 20 ms, and the number of sampling points in each period is 2 n , where n is a positive integer.
进一步地，步骤三中应用欧姆定理计算瞬时阻抗。Further, in Step 3, the instantaneous impedance is calculated by applying Ohm's law.
本发明系统的技术方案是：包括主站服务器，以及安装在各变电站内的电能质量监测单元或非线性用电监测系统；The technical scheme of the system of the present invention is: including the main station server, and the power quality monitoring unit or the non-linear power consumption monitoring system installed in each substation;
电能质量监测单元或非线性用电监测系统用于实测非线性负荷供电电压基波的95％概率大值以及电流各次谐波的95％概率大值；The power quality monitoring unit or the nonlinear power consumption monitoring system is used to measure the 95% probability maximum value of the nonlinear load supply voltage fundamental wave and the 95% probability maximum value of each harmonic of the current;
主站服务器用于接收非线性负荷供电电压基波的95％概率大值以及电流各次谐波的95％概率大值，分别构造供电电压实时波形和实时电流波形并进行周期性采样，计算作为非线性负荷用电特性的各采样点瞬时阻抗。The main station server is used to receive the 95% probability maximum value of the nonlinear load supply voltage fundamental wave and the 95% probability maximum value of each harmonic of the current, respectively construct the real-time waveform of the supply voltage and the real-time current waveform and perform periodic sampling, and calculate as The instantaneous impedance of each sampling point of the nonlinear load electrical characteristics.
进一步地，电能质量监测单元通过2M数据通信网与主站服务器相连。Further, the power quality monitoring unit is connected to the main station server through a 2M data communication network.
与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下有益的技术效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
本发明针对非线性负荷的非线性用电特性，在测得非线性负荷供电电压基波的95％概率大值、电流各次谐波的95％概率大值的基础上，用该基波的95％概率大值重新构造供电电压实时波形，用电流各次谐波95％概率大值重新构造实时电流波形，对构造的实时电压、实时电流进行重新采样，计算各采样点的瞬时阻抗，得到非线性负荷固有的非线性用电特性。本发明步骤简单，通用性强，得到的非线性用电特性可供各类离线分析计算时重复使用。The present invention aims at the non-linear power consumption characteristic of the non-linear load, on the basis of measuring the 95% probability large value of the fundamental wave of the non-linear load power supply voltage and the 95% probability large value of each harmonic of the current, using the fundamental wave Reconstruct the real-time waveform of the power supply voltage with a large value of 95% probability, reconstruct the real-time current waveform with a large value of 95% probability of each harmonic of the current, re-sample the constructed real-time voltage and real-time current, calculate the instantaneous impedance of each sampling point, and obtain The inherent nonlinear power consumption characteristics of nonlinear loads. The invention has simple steps and strong versatility, and the obtained nonlinear power consumption characteristics can be used repeatedly in various off-line analysis and calculations.
本发明应用现有电能质量或非线性用电监测系统实时检测数据，利于及时分析非线性负荷的用电特性。The invention applies the real-time detection data of the existing electric energy quality or non-linear power consumption monitoring system, which is beneficial to analyze the power consumption characteristic of the non-linear load in time.
进一步地，本发明通过数据通信网进行通信，无需每次到现场实测，直接通过网络将测试数据上传至服务器处理，简单方便。Furthermore, the present invention communicates through the data communication network, without going to the site for actual measurement every time, and directly uploads the test data to the server for processing through the network, which is simple and convenient.
【附图说明】【Description of drawings】
图1(a)是本发明95％概率大值瞬时电压、95％概率大值瞬时电流和95％概率大值基波电压的实际波形图；图1(b)是应用本发明得到的非线性负荷的非线性用电特性图；Fig. 1 (a) is the actual waveform figure of 95% probability large-value instantaneous voltage, 95% probability large-value instantaneous current and 95% probability large-value fundamental wave voltage of the present invention; Fig. 1 (b) is the nonlinear obtained by applying the present invention Non-linear power consumption characteristic diagram of the load;
图2(a)是额定基波电压下，应用本发明得到的非线性负荷的非线性用电特性得到的非线性用电特性的电流波形图，图2(b)是该基波电压供电下所对应的谐波电流结果图；Fig. 2 (a) is under the rated fundamental wave voltage, the current waveform diagram of the non-linear power consumption characteristic obtained by applying the non-linear power consumption characteristic of the nonlinear load obtained by the present invention, and Fig. 2 (b) is under the power supply of the fundamental wave voltage The corresponding harmonic current result graph;
图3是本发明电能质量主站系统逻辑结构；Fig. 3 is the logical structure of the power quality master station system of the present invention;
图4是本发明服务器主站和服务器端联网和通信示意图。Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of networking and communication between the server master station and the server end of the present invention.
【具体实施方式】【detailed description】
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
本发明主要基于如下理论：其一，非线性用电特性是非线性负荷的固有的特征；其二，对于瞬时值而言，欧姆定理总是适应的。基于上述两点，只要获取非线性负荷的实时电压、电流波形就能够精确分析非线性负荷的用电特性。The present invention is mainly based on the following theories: firstly, the nonlinear power consumption characteristic is an inherent characteristic of the nonlinear load; secondly, for the instantaneous value, Ohm's law is always applicable. Based on the above two points, as long as the real-time voltage and current waveforms of the nonlinear load are obtained, the power consumption characteristics of the nonlinear load can be accurately analyzed.
本发明包括以下步骤：The present invention comprises the following steps:
步骤一，针对非线性负荷，实测得到非线性负荷的95％概率大值基波电压u′(t)的大小和相位、95％概率大值瞬时电流i(t)；Step 1, for the nonlinear load, the magnitude and phase of the 95% probability large-value fundamental voltage u′(t) and the 95% probability large-value instantaneous current i(t) of the nonlinear load are obtained through actual measurement;
步骤二，对于基波电压u′(t)实时波形、瞬时电流i(t)实时波形的每一点，应用欧姆定理计算非线性负荷的瞬时阻抗，该瞬时阻抗构成的集合即为非线性负荷用电特性。Step 2: For each point of the real-time waveform of the fundamental voltage u′(t) and the real-time waveform of the instantaneous current i(t), apply Ohm’s theorem to calculate the instantaneous impedance of the nonlinear load, and the set of instantaneous impedance is the nonlinear load. electrical characteristics.
本发明利用实测电压电流的95％概率大值进行非线性负荷用电特性分析，得到的结果包含了非线性负荷的各种运行工况，精确可靠；更为重要的在于该结果可供后期离线分析时重复使用，不需要再进行现场测试。本发明克服了传统非线性负荷用电特性分析方法的不通用性、不方便性、复杂性。The present invention uses the 95% probability value of the measured voltage and current to analyze the electrical characteristics of nonlinear loads, and the obtained results include various operating conditions of nonlinear loads, which are accurate and reliable; more importantly, the results can be used offline in the later stage It can be reused during analysis, eliminating the need for on-site testing. The invention overcomes the incompatibility, inconvenientness and complexity of the traditional nonlinear load power consumption characteristic analysis method.
本发明针对非线性负荷的非线性用电特性，在测得非线性负荷供电电压基波的95％概率大值、电流各次谐波的95％概率大值的基础上，用该基波的电压幅值及其相位重新构造供电电压实时波形，用电流各次谐波95％概率大值重新构造实时电流波形，对构造的实时电压、实时电流进行重新采样，应用欧姆定理计算各采样点的瞬时阻抗，得到非线性负荷固有的非线性用电特性。本发明步骤简单，通用性强，得到的非线性用电特性可供各类离线分析计算时重复使用。The present invention aims at the non-linear power consumption characteristic of the non-linear load, on the basis of measuring the 95% probability large value of the fundamental wave of the non-linear load power supply voltage and the 95% probability large value of each harmonic of the current, using the fundamental wave The voltage amplitude and its phase reconstruct the real-time waveform of the power supply voltage, reconstruct the real-time current waveform with the 95% probability of each harmonic of the current, re-sample the constructed real-time voltage and real-time current, and apply Ohm's theorem to calculate the Instantaneous impedance, to obtain the inherent nonlinear power characteristics of nonlinear loads. The invention has simple steps and strong versatility, and the obtained nonlinear power consumption characteristics can be used repeatedly in various off-line analysis and calculations.
本发明涉及的非线性负荷用电特性在线监测系统包括主站服务器，以及安装在各变电站内用于现场实测瞬时电压和瞬时电流的电能质量监测单元；主站服务器用于接收瞬时电压和瞬时电流，并进行后期95％概率大值计算分析，根据95％概率大值基波电压和95％概率大值瞬时电流，计算作为非线性负荷用电特性的非线性负荷瞬时阻抗。The online monitoring system for nonlinear load power consumption characteristics involved in the present invention includes a main station server, and a power quality monitoring unit installed in each substation for on-site measurement of instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current; the main station server is used to receive instantaneous voltage and instantaneous current , and carry out later stage 95% probability large-value calculation and analysis, according to 95% probability large-value fundamental voltage and 95% probability large-value instantaneous current, calculate nonlinear load instantaneous impedance as a nonlinear load electrical characteristic.
1、实现方法实例：1. Example of implementation method:
对于95％概率大值电压：u(t)＝sin(wt)+0.03sin(3wt+pi/6)+0.02*sin(5wt)，w＝2πf，f＝50Hz；For 95% probability large value voltage: u(t)=sin(wt)+0.03sin(3wt+pi/6)+0.02*sin(5wt), w=2πf, f=50Hz;
95％概率大值电流：95% probability large value current:
i(t)＝0.8sin(wt+π/2)+0.1sin(2wt)+0.3sin(5wt+π/2)+0.2sin(7wt+3π/2)i(t)＝0.8sin(wt+π/2)+0.1sin(2wt)+0.3sin(5wt+π/2)+0.2sin(7wt+3π/2)
现场实测到上述95％概率大值电压、电流的实际波形如图1(a)所示；通过该实测电压得到其基波电压的相位与幅值，对此基波电压与实测电流的每一点应用欧姆定理，得到如图1(b)所示的该非线性负荷的用电特性。The actual waveforms of the above-mentioned 95% probability large-value voltage and current measured on site are shown in Figure 1(a); the phase and amplitude of the fundamental voltage are obtained through the measured voltage, and each point of the fundamental voltage and the measured current Applying Ohm's law, the electrical characteristics of the nonlinear load shown in Figure 1(b) are obtained.
本发明是一种用于测量实时电压、电流波形的非线性负荷用电特性分析实现方法；在各个变电站建立非线性负荷采集装置，建立主站分析系统，利用目前现有的光纤通信通道，实现联网采集分析。从而实现整个监测系统的管理和主站的统计分析功能。The present invention is a nonlinear load electrical characteristic analysis method for measuring real-time voltage and current waveforms; a nonlinear load acquisition device is established in each substation, a master station analysis system is established, and the existing optical fiber communication channel is used to realize Online collection and analysis. In order to realize the management of the whole monitoring system and the statistical analysis function of the main station.
2、应用场景举例2. Examples of application scenarios
本发明方法可应用于各类非线性负荷谐波分析的场合。The method of the invention can be applied to various occasions of nonlinear load harmonic analysis.
以上述已经得到的非线性负荷用电特性为例，在得到该非线性负荷用电特性后，对于给定的任意基波电压，应用欧姆定理就可以计算对应的电流波形如图2(a)所示，对该电流波形进行傅立叶变换即可得到该基波电压所对应的谐波电流的谐波分量，如图2(b)所示。Taking the obtained nonlinear load power characteristics as an example, after obtaining the nonlinear load power characteristics, for a given arbitrary fundamental voltage, the corresponding current waveform can be calculated by applying Ohm's law as shown in Figure 2(a) As shown, the harmonic component of the harmonic current corresponding to the fundamental voltage can be obtained by Fourier transforming the current waveform, as shown in Figure 2(b).
3、数据采集联网方式3. Networking method of data collection
按照建设电网非线性负荷特征在线监测系统的要求，可以建设非线性负荷监测系统主站。变电站内现场监测数据通过2M数据通道上传至监测系统主站，从而实现整个监测系统的管理和主站的统计分析功能。According to the requirement of constructing the online monitoring system of the nonlinear load characteristics of the power grid, the master station of the nonlinear load monitoring system can be built. The on-site monitoring data in the substation is uploaded to the main station of the monitoring system through the 2M data channel, so as to realize the management of the entire monitoring system and the statistical analysis function of the main station.
主站为分布式结构，从功能上模块上划分，由数据库服务、通讯服务、应用服务、管理工作站及相关附属设备所组成，这些功能模块由一台服务器承担，其逻辑结构如下图3所示，图中数字表示逻辑模块之间的多重性对应关系，即一对一、一对多还是多对多的关系。0..*表示可以有任意个，也可以没有；1..*表示可以有任意个，但至少有1个。如WEB服务(1)和WEB浏览器(0..*)之间为一对多关系，一个WEB服务对应0到多个WEB浏览器；WEB服务(1)和应用服务(1)之间为一一对应关系，即一个WEB服务能且只能对应一个应用服务；应用服务(1..*)和数据库服务(1)之间为多对一关系，即多个应用服务可共用一个数据库服务。。The master station is a distributed structure, which is divided into functional modules and consists of database services, communication services, application services, management workstations and related auxiliary equipment. These functional modules are undertaken by a server, and its logical structure is shown in Figure 3 below. , the numbers in the figure indicate the multiplicity correspondence between logical modules, that is, one-to-one, one-to-many or many-to-many relationships. 0..* means there can be any number or none; 1..* means there can be any number, but at least one. For example, there is a one-to-many relationship between WEB service (1) and WEB browser (0..*), one WEB service corresponds to 0 to multiple WEB browsers; the relationship between WEB service (1) and application service (1) is One-to-one relationship, that is, one WEB service can and can only correspond to one application service; the relationship between application service (1..*) and database service (1) is many-to-one relationship, that is, multiple application services can share one database service . .
整个主站系统的软、硬件配置如下：The software and hardware configuration of the entire master station system are as follows:
①主站系统硬件：由一台服务器承担通讯服务、数据库服务、Web服务功能。①Master station system hardware: A server is responsible for communication service, database service, and Web service functions.
②主站系统软件：基于WinServer2008操作系统，电能质量主站软件包括：电能质量管理分析软件、数据库配置软件、通讯服务软件等部分。②Master station system software: Based on WinServer2008 operating system, the power quality master station software includes: power quality management analysis software, database configuration software, communication service software and other parts.
4、电能质量监测设备安装及通信配置4. Installation of power quality monitoring equipment and communication configuration
在变电站现场采用开孔方式安装电能质量监测单元，取测量或计量回路信号进行监测。站点和主站服务器端直接通过2M数据通信网进行联网和通信，如图4所示：The power quality monitoring unit is installed at the substation site by opening holes, and the measurement or metering circuit signal is used for monitoring. The server side of the site and the master station are directly connected and communicated through the 2M data communication network, as shown in Figure 4:
目前电力系统负荷80％以上为非线性负荷，分析非线性负荷引起的电磁骚扰需要知道其用电特性，因此，借助于基波潮流分布结果，结合该方法就能分析对应该基波潮流的谐波潮流，避免了复杂的谐波分析。At present, more than 80% of the power system loads are nonlinear loads. To analyze the electromagnetic disturbance caused by nonlinear loads, it is necessary to know its power characteristics. wave power flow, avoiding complex harmonic analysis.
本发明的关键在于采用95％概率大值电压电流重构其实时波形并将欧姆定理应用到重构电压及电流波形的每一点从而获得非线性负荷的用电特性－瞬时非线性阻抗特性。The key of the present invention is to use 95% probability large-value voltage and current to reconstruct its real-time waveform and apply Ohm's law to each point of the reconstructed voltage and current waveform to obtain the power consumption characteristic of nonlinear load - instantaneous nonlinear impedance characteristic.
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