CN106323394B - Positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter - Google Patents
Positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106323394B CN106323394B CN201610905835.0A CN201610905835A CN106323394B CN 106323394 B CN106323394 B CN 106323394B CN 201610905835 A CN201610905835 A CN 201610905835A CN 106323394 B CN106323394 B CN 106323394B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
- G01F1/86—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure
- G01F1/88—Indirect mass flowmeters, e.g. measuring volume flow and density, temperature or pressure with differential-pressure measurement to determine the volume flow
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/08—Air or gas separators in combination with liquid meters; Liquid separators in combination with gas-meters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention provides a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter, which comprises the following components: a gamma ray mass phase fraction meter (1) located on the multiphase flow delivery main line (2); a split-flow switching valve (3) through which the multiphase flow conveying main line is split into two branch lines; two identical parallel multiphase fluid mass measuring vessels (4), each of which is located downstream of each branch line, and a gas-liquid separator (5) is arranged between each branch line and the measuring vessel, each measuring vessel is provided with a differential pressure sensor (6), each differential pressure sensor is provided with a pressure leading port located at the bottom of the vessel, the top of each measuring vessel is provided with a gas outlet pipeline (7), and the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet pipeline (8) and a discharge switching valve (9); the gas outlet pipeline and the liquid outlet pipeline are converged into a multiphase flow conveying main pipeline outside the measuring container; the shunt switching valve (3) or the discharge switching valve (9) is provided with a counter for counting the number of times the measuring container is emptied of liquid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of multiphase flow mass flow metering. Specifically, the invention relates to a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter and a measuring method for measuring respective mass flow rates of oil, gas and water in multiphase flow by using the flowmeter.
Background
In the oil and gas industry, oil and gas well products contain both liquid phase crude oil and water, and gas-liquid mixed fluids of gas phase natural gas, known in the industry as multiphase streams. Wherein the gas phase comprises, for example, natural gas produced by an oil and gas well or any gas that does not condense at ambient temperature, such as, in particular, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc.; the liquid phase may include: an oil phase, such as the crude oil itself and liquid additives dissolved in the crude oil during crude oil recovery, and an aqueous phase, such as formation water, water injected into a hydrocarbon well during recovery, and other liquid additives dissolved in the aqueous phase.
One method for measuring the respective flow rates of the gas phase and the liquid phase in the multiphase flow in the prior art is a venturi flowmeter and a gamma ray method, and the principle of the method is that a venturi tube is used for measuring the total flow rate of the multiphase flow, a gamma ray detector is used for measuring the respective phase fraction of the gas phase and the liquid phase, and then the total flow rate is multiplied by the respective phase fraction of the gas phase and the liquid phase to obtain the respective flow rates of the gas phase and the liquid phase. However, as the venturi is a momentum flowmeter, the multiphase flow meter is high in flow lower limit, and cannot meter oil and gas wells with low yield, and particularly for intermittent multiphase flow, the method is not applicable at all and cannot accurately meter the flow of the intermittent multiphase flow.
Oilfield users prefer to obtain mass flow rates of each of the oil, gas, and water phases in multiphase streams and also prefer to have metering devices and methods that differ from intermittent multiphase streams based on the ratio of the range of venturi multiphase flowmeters.
The invention provides a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter.
Disclosure of Invention
A first aspect of the present invention provides a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flow meter comprising the following components: a gamma ray mass phase fraction meter 1 located on the multiphase flow delivery main line 2;
a split-flow switching valve 3 through which the multiphase flow transmission main line is split into two branch lines;
two identical parallel multiphase fluid mass measuring vessels 4, each located downstream of each branch line and provided with a gas-liquid separator 5 between each branch line and the measuring vessel, each measuring vessel being fitted with a differential pressure sensor 6 each having a pressure inlet located at the bottom of the vessel, each measuring vessel having a gas outlet line 7 at the top and a discharge outlet line 8 and a discharge switching valve 9 at the bottom; the gas outlet pipeline and the discharge outlet pipeline are converged into a multiphase flow conveying main pipeline outside the measuring container;
the diverter switch valve 3 or the discharge switch valve 9 is provided with a counter for counting the number of times the measuring vessel is emptied of liquid.
The gamma ray mass phase fraction meter comprises a gamma ray emitter and a gamma ray receiver, wherein the gamma ray emitter and the gamma ray receiver are arranged in a mode that gamma rays emitted by the gamma ray emitter pass through the gamma ray receiver along the diameter direction of a multiphase flow conveying main pipeline, and a radiation source in the gamma ray emitter is a dual-energy radiation source or a multi-energy radiation source, such as barium-133/Ba-133.
Wherein the differential pressure sensors in the two parallel multiphase flow mass measurement vessels are arranged in exactly the same way as each other.
Preferably, the gas-liquid separator 5 is a gas-liquid collision separation device. Of course, other types of gas-liquid separation devices may be used, such as gas-liquid cyclones and the like.
A second aspect of the present invention relates to a measuring method for measuring respective flow rates of oil, gas and water in a multiphase flow, using the positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter according to the first aspect of the present invention, the method comprising the steps of:
a) Flowing a multiphase flow through the positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter, wherein the mass oil content OMF, the mass water content WMF and the mass gas content GMF of the multiphase flow are measured at a gamma ray mass phase fraction meter, the multiphase flow can only travel along a certain branch line at a time through the switching action of a shunt switching valve and is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase through a gas-liquid separator, the liquid phase falls into a certain measuring container, and the gas phase is discharged from a gas outlet pipeline of the measuring container;
b) The liquid phase is accumulated in a certain measuring container, the differential pressure sensor is used for monitoring the differential pressure delta P in the measuring container, when the differential pressure reaches a certain set differential pressure threshold value, a discharge switching valve corresponding to the measuring container is started to empty the liquid in the measuring container, the set differential pressure threshold value corresponds to a fixed liquid discharge quality, meanwhile, a shunt switching valve performs switching operation, so that multiphase flow advances along another branch line and is separated into gas phase and liquid phase through a gas-liquid separator, the liquid phase falls into the other measuring container, and the gas phase is discharged from a gas outlet pipeline of the other measuring container; simultaneously increasing a counter on the diverter valve or the discharge switching valve by one count;
c) Repeating said step b for a period of time, counting the number of discharges by said counter, and multiplying the number of discharges by the mass of liquid discharged each time, thereby obtaining the mass flow rate Q of liquid during the period of time l ；
d) According to liquid mass flow rate Q l And the gas phase mass phase fraction GMF, the mass water content WMF and the mass oil content OMF are calculated to obtain multiphase flowTotal mass flow rate Q m Mass flow rate Q of gas g Oil phase mass flow rate Q o And water phase mass flow rate Q w Wherein Q is m ＝Q l /(1-GMF)，Q g ＝Q l *GMF/(1-GMF)，Q w ＝Q m *WMF，Q o ＝Q m *OMF。
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention realizes the simple measurement of multiphase flow mass flow.
2. The invention can avoid using venturi flowmeter, provides a metering device and a method for measuring the mass flow of each phase of oil, gas and water in multiphase flow of low-yield oil and gas well, and is especially suitable for intermittent multiphase flow measurement.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numerals have the following meanings:
1. gamma ray mass phase fraction meter; 2. a multiphase flow delivery main line; 3. a shunt switching valve; 4. a measuring vessel; 5. a gas-liquid separator; 6. a differential pressure sensor; 7. a gas outlet line; 8. a discharge outlet line; 9. and a discharge switching valve.
The above drawings are only for illustrative purposes to illustrate the technical idea and technical solution of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way.
Detailed Description
The definition of each term is given below first, and then a measuring method for measuring respective mass flow rates of oil, gas and water in multiphase flow using the positive displacement type mass flowmeter of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
"Mass flow" refers to the mass of fluid flowing per unit time, and in SI units, the dimension may be kg/s.
The "mass phase fraction" refers to the mass percent of each phase in the multiphase flow, and satisfies the following conditions: omf+wmf+gmf=1, where OMF represents mass oil content, WMF represents mass water content, and GMF represents mass gas content.
Gamma rayLine mass phase fraction meters "are devices known in the art, comprising a combined structure of a gamma emitter, a receiver, an operation module, and a display/output, wherein the radiation source in the gamma emitter can be a dual energy radiation source (emitting gamma rays of two energies) or a multi-energy radiation source (emitting gamma rays of more than three energies). The quantitative rule exists between the intensity attenuation and the substance density when the gamma rays penetrate the substance, and the mass phase fraction of each phase of oil, gas and water of the multiphase flow to be measured can be uniquely determined according to the pure oil density, the pure water density, the pure gas density, the pure oil mass absorption coefficient, the pure water mass absorption coefficient and the pure gas mass absorption coefficient which are calibrated in advance through the gamma ray initial value and the intensity value after the gamma rays pass through the measured substance. The method comprises emitting gamma rays with initial intensity of N by gamma ray emitter 0 After multiphase flow absorption, the mixture reaches a gamma ray receiver, and the transmitted intensity N is detected x And there is a formula between the two
N xl ＝N 0l *exp(-μ l *X)----(1)
N xh ＝N 0h *exp(-μ h *X)----(2)
Wherein the subscript l represents a lower energy gamma ray and h represents a higher energy gamma ray; mu is the linear mass absorption coefficient of the measured object, X is the transmission distance of gamma rays along the measured object, and the transmission distance is the diameter D of the pipeline. Wherein the linear mass absorption coefficient mu is in turn equal to the linear mass absorption coefficient mu of the pure gas phase g (which can be obtained by calibrating the pure gas phase after separation in advance), and the linear mass absorption coefficient mu of the pure oil phase o (which can be obtained by calibrating the pure oil phase after separation in advance) and the linear mass absorption coefficient mu of the pure water phase w The following relationship exists (which can be obtained by calibrating pure water phase after separation in advance):
μ l ＝OMF*μ ol +WMF*μ wl +GMF*μ gl ，
μ h ＝OMF*μ oh +WMF*μ wh +GMF*μ gh ，
wherein OMF, WMF and GMF are linear mass phase fraction of oil, gas and water phases respectively, and according to definition of mass phase fraction, there are the following constraints:
GMF+OMF+WMF＝1----(3)
in the above three equations, μ gl 、μ gh 、μ ol 、μ oh 、μ wl Sum mu wh X is the diameter of the pipe, also known, N x Is a measured value, and N 0 Although theoretically the gamma ray "initial intensity", it is in practice generally used instead of it a "blank tube count value", i.e. the transmitted intensity value measured by the gamma ray receiver in the absence of any multiphase fluid in the pipe, which is regarded as the gamma ray "initial intensity", also known. Therefore, only three unknowns of OMF, WMF and GMF exist in the equation, so the OMF, WMF and GMF can be solved by simultaneously solving the equations (1), (2) and (3), and the linear mass phase fraction can be regarded as the total mass phase fraction on the assumption that multiphase flow oil, gas and water phases are uniformly mixed, so that the mass phase fraction of each of the oil, gas and water phases is calculated.
When the multiphase flow flows through the main conveying pipeline 2, the gamma ray mass phase fraction meter 1 is used for measuring the liquid mass phase fractions OMF, WMF and GMF in the multiphase flow, then the multiphase flow flows through the split switching valve 3, the multiphase flow can only travel along a certain branch pipeline at a time through the switching action of the split switching valve, the multiphase flow is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase through the gas-liquid separator 5, the liquid phase falls into a certain measuring container 4, and the gas phase is discharged from the gas outlet pipeline 7 of the measuring container; the liquid phase is accumulated in the certain measuring container, and the differential pressure sensor is used for monitoring the differential pressure delta P in the measuring container, wherein one pressure measuring probe of the differential pressure sensor is positioned at the bottom of the container, and the other pressure measuring probe is positioned at the top of the container or at the upper part of the container body (the pressure measuring probe is ensured to be positioned above the liquid level). As the fluid accumulates, the measured differential pressure is proportional to the mass of the liquid accumulated in the container, and when the differential pressure reaches a certain set differential pressure threshold (i.e., a liquid discharge mass threshold), the discharge switching valve 9 corresponding to the measured container is started to empty the liquid, and at the same time, the split switching valve 3 performs a switching operation so that the multiphase flow travels along another branch line and is separated from the gas and the liquidThe separator 5 separates into a gas phase and a liquid phase, the liquid phase falling into the further measuring vessel 4, the gas phase being discharged from the gas outlet line 7 of the further measuring vessel; while the counter on the diverter switch valve or the discharge switch valve is incremented by one count. Repeating said step b for a period of time, calculating the number of discharges by said count, and multiplying by the mass of liquid discharged each time, thereby obtaining the mass flow rate Q of liquid during the period of time l . According to liquid mass flow rate Q l And the gas phase mass phase fraction GMF, the mass water content WMF and the mass oil content OMF calculate the total mass flow Q of the multiphase flow m Mass flow rate Q of gas g Oil phase mass flow rate Q o And water phase mass flow rate Q w Wherein Q is m ＝Q l /(1-GMF)，Q g ＝Q l *GMF/(1-GMF)，Q w ＝Q m *WMF，Q o ＝Q m *OMF。。
Claims (4)
1. A measuring method for measuring respective mass flow rates of oil, gas and water in a multiphase flow in a positive displacement manner, using a positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter of the type described below, comprising:
a gamma ray mass phase fraction meter (1) located on the multiphase flow delivery main line (2);
a split-flow switching valve (3) through which the multiphase flow conveying main line is split into two branch lines;
two identical parallel multiphase fluid mass measuring vessels (4), each of which is located downstream of each branch line, and a gas-liquid separator (5) is arranged between each branch line and the measuring vessel, each measuring vessel is provided with a differential pressure sensor (6), each differential pressure sensor is provided with a pressure leading port located at the bottom of the vessel, the top of each measuring vessel is provided with a gas outlet pipeline (7), and the bottom is provided with a discharge outlet pipeline (8) and a discharge switching valve (9); the gas outlet pipeline and the liquid outlet pipeline are converged into a multiphase flow conveying main pipeline outside the measuring container;
the shunt switching valve (3) or the discharge switching valve (9) is provided with a counter for counting the number of times the measuring container is emptied of liquid;
the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a) Flowing a multiphase flow through the positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter, wherein the mass oil content OMF, the mass water content WMF and the mass gas content GMF of the multiphase flow are measured at a gamma ray mass phase fraction meter, the multiphase flow can only travel along a certain branch line at a time through the switching action of a shunt switching valve and is separated into a gas phase and a liquid phase through a gas-liquid separator, the liquid phase falls into a certain measuring container, and the gas phase is discharged from a gas outlet pipeline of the measuring container;
b) The liquid phase is accumulated in a certain measuring container, the differential pressure sensor is used for monitoring the differential pressure delta P in the measuring container, when the differential pressure reaches a certain set differential pressure threshold value, a discharge switching valve corresponding to the measuring container is started to empty the liquid in the measuring container, the set differential pressure threshold value corresponds to fixed liquid discharge quality, meanwhile, a shunt switching valve performs switching operation, so that multiphase flow advances along another branch line and is separated into gas phase and liquid phase through a gas-liquid separator, the liquid phase falls into the other measuring container, and the gas phase is discharged from a gas outlet pipeline of the other measuring container; simultaneously increasing a counter on the diverter valve or the discharge switching valve by one count;
c) Repeating said step b for a period of time, counting the number of discharges by said counter, and multiplying the number of discharges by the mass of liquid discharged each time, thereby obtaining the mass flow rate Q of liquid during the period of time l ；
d) According to liquid mass flow rate Q l And the gas phase mass phase fraction GMF, the mass water content WMF and the mass oil content OMF calculate the total mass flow Q of the multiphase flow m Mass flow rate Q of gas g Oil phase mass flow rate Q o And water phase mass flow rate Q w Wherein
Q m ＝Q l /(1-GMF)
Q g ＝Q l *GMF/(1-GMF)
Q w ＝Q m *WMF
Q o ＝Q m *OMF。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the gamma-ray mass fraction meter comprises a gamma-ray emitter and a gamma-ray receiver, wherein the gamma-ray emitter is arranged such that gamma-rays emitted by the gamma-ray emitter pass through the multiphase flow transmission main pipeline in a diameter direction to reach the gamma-ray receiver, and the radiation source in the gamma-ray emitter is a dual-energy radiation source or a multi-energy radiation source.
3. The method for measuring the respective mass flow rates of the three phases oil, gas and water in the multiphase flow in a positive displacement manner according to claim 1, wherein the differential pressure sensors in the two parallel multiphase flow mass measurement vessels are arranged identically to each other.
4. The method for measuring the respective mass flow rates of oil, gas and water in multiphase flow in a positive displacement manner according to claim 1, wherein the gas-liquid separator (5) is a gas-liquid collision separation device.
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| CN201610905835.0A CN106323394B (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-17 | Positive displacement multiphase flow mass flowmeter |
| PCT/CN2016/103630 WO2018072226A1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2016-10-27 | Positive displacement multi-phase flow mass flow meter |
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| CN106643945B (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2019-11-05 | 西安电子科技大学 | A kind of homogeneity gas-liquid mixed media mass-flow measurement device and method |
| CN107436165B (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-08-20 | 海默科技（集团）股份有限公司 | The method of single source ray measurement multiphase flow phase fraction |
| CN108051568B (en) * | 2017-11-23 | 2020-06-05 | 四川速荣科技有限公司 | Be used for online crude oil moisture content uniform cross section static measuring apparatu of oil recovery well |
| CN107843308A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-27 | 无锡洋湃科技有限公司 | A kind of flux of moisture measurement apparatus based on exemption level radioactive source |
| CN108507630B (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2020-06-09 | 清华大学 | Volume type oil-gas-water three-phase flow split-phase flow online measuring device and method thereof |
| CN113532561A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2021-10-22 | 纬湃汽车电子(长春)有限公司 | Gas flow sensor |
| CN112414477B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2023-08-18 | 海默新宸水下技术(上海)有限公司 | Multiphase flow metering method |
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| WO2018072226A1 (en) | 2018-04-26 |
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