CN106317064A - Preparation method of methylnaltrexone bromide - Google Patents
Preparation method of methylnaltrexone bromide Download PDFInfo
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- CN106317064A CN106317064A CN201510386179.3A CN201510386179A CN106317064A CN 106317064 A CN106317064 A CN 106317064A CN 201510386179 A CN201510386179 A CN 201510386179A CN 106317064 A CN106317064 A CN 106317064A
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- methylnaltrexone bromide
- naltrexone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D489/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula:
- C07D489/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing 4aH-8, 9 c- Iminoethano-phenanthro [4, 5-b, c, d] furan ring systems, e.g. derivatives of [4, 5-epoxy]-morphinan of the formula: with a hetero atom directly attached in position 14
- C07D489/08—Oxygen atom
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of methylnaltrexone bromide. Naltrexone is used as an initial raw material, methylation is carried out by bromomethane, and a methylnaltrexone bromide crude product is obtained; and salt forming, acidifying and purification are carried out in order to prepare methylnaltrexone bromide. The method has the advantages of simple technological operation, scientific and reasonable processes, and high purity and yield of the product.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to pharmaceutical synthesis field, be specifically related to the preparation method of a kind of methylnaltrexone bromide.
Background technology
Methylnaltrexone bromide, No. CAS: 73232-52-7；
Trade name: Relistor；
English language Chemical name: 17-(cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5 α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-methyl-6-
oxomorphinanium bromide；
English name: Methylnaltrexone bromide；
Chinese name: bromination-17-(Cvclopropvlmethvl)-4,5a-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxy-17-methyl-6-oxo morphinan；
Molecular formula: C21H26O4NBr；
Molecular weight: 436.36.Chemical structural formula is as follows:
Methylnaltrexone bromide, by U.S.'s Hui Shi Wyeth pharmacy and the joint study exploitation of Progenics Pharmaceuticals company, is one
Plant mu opioid receptor antagonists.In April, 2008 Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada as represented by the minister of Healt and U.S. FDA ratify methylnaltrexone bromide injection respectively
(methynaltrexone bromide, Relistor) lists, subcutaneous injection, for treating constipation that opioid drug causes and with gently
The situation that cathartic is the most invalid.
The preparation method of methylnaltrexone bromide is existing many reports in document and patent, from the point of view of current various documents report, main
It is divided into two big classes:
The first kind, referred to as direct method, this method is by naltrexone and the direct quaterisation of bromomethane, then hands over through ion exchange resin
Change and prepare methylnaltrexone bromide；Or the most quaternized with iodomethane by naltrexone, then through amberlite Ester exchange, iodide ion is exchanged
Methylnaltrexone bromide is obtained for bromide ion；
Equations of The Second Kind, referred to as indirect method, this method is first to be protected by the phenolic hydroxyl group in naltrexone molecule, the most again through bromomethane or
Iodomethane is quaternized, obtains methylnaltrexone bromide through deprotection, ion exchange.
(1) a disclosed route such as US4176186, CN200380102817.X is:
This route directly prepares methylnaltrexone bromide with free naltrexone and bromomethane reaction.Concrete preparation process is by salt with strong aqua ammonia
Acid naltrexone dissociates into naltrexone alkali, then adds reaction dissolvent acetone and a small amount of DMF in reaction vessel, with
Bromomethane reacts, finally, through being concentrated under reduced pressure to give methylnaltrexone bromide through long-time under room temperature condition.
This technique conversion ratio ratio is relatively low, and the purity of the methylnaltrexone bromide obtained only has about 60%, and naltrexone free alkali there are about 30%
Left and right is not reacted.Additionally, this technological reaction time is oversize, for 21 days.The industrialized production cycle is long, and energy consumption is high.And
The methylnaltrexone bromide that course of reaction generates is attached to a bottle wall with the form of precipitation, adheres to more firm, it is difficult to take off, discharging difficulty, institute
The methylnaltrexone bromide obtained wraps up unreacted naltrexone free alkali, and product purity is poor, and about about 85%, operate to subsequent purification
Bring the biggest difficulty.
The process route that CN200380102817.X with US4175186 uses is identical, only improves its operation, uses N, N-
Dimethylformamide (DMF) is as reaction dissolvent, and owing to DMF solvent amount is relatively big, boiling point is high, is difficult to from product remove,
The quality of product is had an impact.Meanwhile, this process route is methylated due to 3 hydroxyls of naltrexone, receives song with product bromine first
The polarity of ketone is similar, causes product to be difficult to purification, can not get high purity product.
(2) US4176186, WO2006127899, CN201010154688.0 another route disclosed is:
This process route, still with Naltrexone Hydrochloride as initiation material, first uses protection group that 3 phenolic hydroxyl groups are carried out regioselectivity guarantor
Protect, then generate quaternary ammonium salt with N-methyl alkyl reagent；3 phenolic hydroxyl protecting group are sloughed by deprotection, then through anion
Exchanger resin generates methylnaltrexone bromide.
Disclosed this kind of preparation method of US4176186, the hydroxyl protecting group of selection is acetyl group, uses dimethyl sulfate as first
Base reagent, then swap with resin anion (R.A.), obtain methylnaltrexone bromide.The shortcoming of this technique is to use toxic articles sulphuric acid
Dimethyl ester as protection group, in industrialization in-convenience in use.
The hydroxyl protecting group that WO2006127899 selects is isobutyryl, and methylating reagent is iodomethane.Lacking of this process route
Point is that charging process is complicated, it addition, in ion exchange process, AG1-X8 resin price used is expensive, therefore, it is difficult to real
Existing technology.
In CN201010154688.0, employing dimethyl tertiary butyl chlorosilane is as hydroxyl protecting group, by dimethyl carbonate for methylating
Reagent, then use hydrobromic acid deprotection, decompression distillation obtains methylnaltrexone bromide, and the shortcoming of this process route is that dimethyl carbonate is made
For methylating reagent, activity is low, reacts the most thorough.Product purity after deprotection is poor, is difficult to crystallize, it is difficult to obtain height
The methylnaltrexone bromide of purity.
(3) disclosed in US4176186, another kind of methylnaltrexone bromide preparation technology is as follows:
This technique with naltrexone as initiation material, acetone as reaction dissolvent, with iodomethane in hermetic container in the condition of 70 DEG C
The most direct quaterisation 4 days, generates iodine first naltrexone, then obtains methylnaltrexone bromide through strong-base anion-exchange resin exchange.
Anion exchange resin is relatively costly, operation complexity, is not suitable for industrialized great production.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of raw material be easy to get, easy and simple to handle controlled, with low cost, be suitable to industrialized production high-quality
The preparation method of methylnaltrexone bromide.
The present invention, with naltrexone as initiation material, methylates through bromomethane, obtains methylnaltrexone bromide crude product；Methylnaltrexone bromide crude product
Salt purification, hydrobromic acid acidifying is become to be refining to obtain methylnaltrexone bromide.Reaction equation is exemplified below:
The preparation method of methylnaltrexone bromide of the present invention, specifically comprises the following steps that
(1) adding naltrexone and hydrobromic acid in dipolar aprotic solvent, heated and stirred is dissolved, and then drips in hermetic container
Bromomethane stirring reaction, prepares methylnaltrexone bromide crude product；
(2) being added by methylnaltrexone bromide crude product in the mixed solution of the alkali of moderate strength, rudimentary alcohol and water, heated and stirred makes it become
Salt, crystallize of lowering the temperature, filters to obtain methylnaltrexone bromide salt；
(3) methylnaltrexone bromide salt is dissolved in the mixed solvent of rudimentary alcohol and water, with hydrobromic acid regulation pH value to less than 2,
Heated and stirred dissolve, lower the temperature crystallize, filter refined after methylnaltrexone bromide.
Preferably, the dipolar aprotic solvent described in step (1) is DMF (DMF), N, N-bis-
One in methylacetamide (DMAC), N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), further preferred N, N-dimethyl formyl
Amine (DMF).
Preferably, in step (1), the ratio of dipolar aprotic solvent and naltrexone is 10ml:1g～20ml:1g.
Preferably, in step (1), the mol ratio of bromomethane and naltrexone is 5:1～15:1.
Preferably, in step (1), the mol ratio of hydrobromic acid and naltrexone is 1:100～5:100.
Preferably, in step (1), hydrobromic concentration is 30-40% (mass percent concentration, lower same).
Preferably, in step (1), naltrexone is 35～50 DEG C with the reaction temperature of bromomethane, more preferably 40～45 DEG C.
Preferably, step (1) response time is 20～48 hours；It is further preferred that the response time is 24 hours.
Preferably, the alkali of the moderate strength described in step (2) is sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate.
Preferably, the lower alcohol described in step (2), step (3) is in methanol, ethanol, normal propyl alcohol and isopropanol
One or more, more preferably methanol.
Preferably, the lower alcohol described in step (2) is 30:1～5:1 with the volume ratio of water；
Preferably, methylnaltrexone bromide crude product described in step (2) and the alkali of described moderate strength, the mixing of rudimentary alcohol and water
The adding proportion of solution is 1g:3ml～1g:8ml.
Preferably, the alkali (sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate) of the moderate strength described in step (2) and methylnaltrexone bromide crude product
Mol ratio is 0.5:1～2:1.
Preferably, the reaction temperature in step (2) is 50～70 DEG C, more preferably 55～65 DEG C.
Preferably, in the mixed solvent of the rudimentary alcohol and water described in step (3), lower alcohol is 6:1～2:1 with the volume ratio of water.
Preferably, the pH value in step (3) is 1～2；
Preferably, the recrystallization temperature in step (3) is 0～25 DEG C.
The preparation of methylnaltrexone bromide of the present invention and process for purification, as follows:
(1) the methylating of naltrexone: using naltrexone as raw material, N-Methyl pyrrolidone is solvent, a small amount of hydrobromic acid is suppression
Agent, at 35-50 DEG C, reacts 24-48h with bromomethane, prepares methylnaltrexone bromide.
(2) methylnaltrexone bromide becomes salt: prepares methylnaltrexone bromide crude product in lower alcohol and water mixed solvent, adds moderate strength
Alkali, reacting by heating makes it become salt, prepares methylnaltrexone bromide sodium salt.
(3) acidifying is refined: use lower alcohol/water mixed solvent, hydrobromic acid acidifying to carry out methylnaltrexone bromide salt being acidified recrystallization
Refined, it is acidified to about solution ph 1-2 with hydrobromic acid, reheats dissolving, cooling crystallize.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is mainly reflected in following several respects to the present invention:
1, prepare in the step of methylnaltrexone bromide in naltrexone and bromomethane reaction, methylating of the easy 3-hydroxyl producing naltrexone
By-product, the methylated by-product of 3-hydroxyl and the polarity of methylnaltrexone bromide are close, it is difficult to removed by recrystallization.
In the prior art of a lot of document reports, in order to avoid methylating of 3-hydroxyl, use and first go up hydroxyl protecting group, methylate
After dehydroxylation protection group again, such complex operation step, owing to step is more, during can produce new impurity, and receive
Rate is relatively low, adds cost, reduces product quality.
The present invention adds hydrobromic acid, the ionization of suppression naltrexone phenolic hydroxyl group in reaction dissolvent, thus inhibits the methyl of 3-hydroxyl
Change the generation of by-product.The methylated by-product of the inventive method 3-hydroxyl ratio in the thick product of methylnaltrexone bromide is less than 5%.
The inventive method is simple to operate, and yield is high, and product purity is high.
2, preparing in naltrexone and bromomethane reaction in the step of methylnaltrexone bromide, temperature height can increase the methylation reaction of 3-hydroxyl
By-product, and the response time of the low needs of temperature is long, adds the production cycle, improves cost, reduces efficiency, and temperature
Spending low reaction incomplete, yield is low.
In prior art, some temperature too high (70 DEG C), in product, proportion of by-product is too high, some temperature low (room temperature), instead
Between Ying Shi long, the industrialized production cycle is long, and energy consumption is high.Further, the response time long kind that can increase by-product equally and ratio
Example.
The present inventor, through test of many times, obtains the combination of optimal reaction temperature and time, and the present invention is in applicable temperature
35-50 DEG C, naltrexone is directly methylated by preferably 40-45 DEG C, therefore substantially reduces reaction time, and reaction has only to 20-48
Hour, preferably 24 hours.The reaction temperature of the present invention and response time are optimal for naltrexone methylates this step,
Response time is short, proportion of by-product is low, and yield is high, low cost, is suitable for industrialized great production.
3, in prior art, use the reaction of protection group to be substantially required for using ion exchange resin, carry out iodide ion and bromide ion
Ion exchange.Ion exchange resin column is relatively costly, and resin column needs to clean after using just can be reused, operation complexity,
It is difficult to produce in enormous quantities, is not suitable for industrialized great production.
Later-period purification of the present invention, without using ion exchange resin, reduces cost, and simple to operate, simple to equipment requirements,
Yield is high, is suitable for industrialized great production.
4, in the polishing purification step of methylnaltrexone bromide, prior art, such as WO2004043964, employing highly basic Feldalat NM,
Sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide make methylnaltrexone bromide become salt, research to find to use highly basic to make methylnaltrexone bromide become salt, although can
The effective methylation reaction by-product removing intractable impurity 3-hydroxyl, but the most inevitably occur quaternary ammonium salt heat to disappear
Except reaction and nitrogen oxidation reaction, generate the elimination byproduct of reaction on many impurity, such as chirality nitrogen-atoms, and other are unknown
Impurity, the same purification giving product brings difficulty.
In order to avoid the generation of thermal elimination as far as possible, technical solution of the present invention uses methylnaltrexone bromide crude product at rudimentary alcohol and water
In mixed solvent, add the alkali of moderate strength, such as sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate, make methylnaltrexone bromide become salt, 50-70 DEG C of condition
Lower reaction so that it is become salt, to remove the methylation reaction by-product of mixing 3-hydroxyl in the product, has reached good effect,
Methylation reaction by-product and the product separation of 3-hydroxyl can be effectively realized, turn avoid the life of other unknown impuritie a large amount of
Become, obtain highly purified methylnaltrexone bromide salt.
Methylnaltrexone bromide polishing purification step operation of the present invention is easy, is suitable for industrialized large-scaled production, and product purity is high, side of the present invention
Methylnaltrexone bromide purity after method is refined, higher than 99.5%, is suitable for the standard of medicinal raw material.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described by the following examples, but this is not limitation of the present invention, those skilled in the art
According to the basic thought of the present invention, various modifications may be made or improves, but without departing from the basic thought of the present invention, all
Within the scope of the present invention.
The preparation of embodiment 1 methylnaltrexone bromide crude product
In hermetic container, add the hydrobromic acid of 125ml DMF and 5ml, under stirring, add 41.0g naltrexone dry product, nitrogen
Gas shielded, opens and is heated to 80 DEG C, make naltrexone solid dissolve.Dropping bromomethane, drips and finishes, and in system, temperature controls
About 40-45 DEG C, continuing reaction 24 hours, stopped reaction, unreacted bromomethane carbinolamine solution absorbs, treats system temperature
Adding acetone 100ml when degree is down to 40 DEG C in system, finish, continue temperature control 15-20 DEG C stirring 1h, decompression sucking filtration obtains filter cake,
Filter cake 1600ml acetone drip washing, washes complete, continues decompression sucking filtration, by gained off-white color solid drying under reduced pressure, obtains dry product bromine first and receive
Bent ketone 33.6g, yield is that 60%-66%, HPLC purity is more than 92%.
Subtractive process I of embodiment 2 methylnaltrexone bromide
Adding saturated aqueous sodium carbonate 60ml and methanol 180ml in reaction vessel, stirring lower addition 33.3g embodiment 1 is made
Standby methylnaltrexone bromide crude product, stirs a moment, under nitrogen protection, and heated and stirred, temperature control 60-70 DEG C.After stirring reaction 1 hour,
Naturally cooling to room temperature, stirring and crystallizing, decompression sucking filtration obtains white filter cake, is placed in by gained solid in decompression baking oven and is dried to obtain solid
20.9g, yield is 69.4%, and HPLC purity is more than 99%.
Subtractive process I of embodiment 3 methylnaltrexone bromide
Adding the wet chemical 50ml and methanol 180ml of 40% in reaction vessel, stirring is lower adds 30.5g embodiment 1
The methylnaltrexone bromide crude product of preparation, stirs a moment, under nitrogen protection, and heated and stirred, temperature control 60-70 DEG C.Stirring reaction 1 hour
After, naturally cooling to room temperature, stirring and crystallizing, decompression sucking filtration obtains white filter cake, is placed in by gained solid in decompression baking oven and is dried
Solid 19.6g, yield is 71.2%, and HPLC purity is more than 99%.
Subtractive process II of embodiment 4 methylnaltrexone bromide
Add 45ml methanol-water solution (methanol: water=1:2) in reaction vessel, prepared by stirring lower addition 21.0g embodiment 2
Methylnaltrexone bromide sodium salt, finish, and with stirring in system drip hydrobromic acid regulation pH=1-2, continue stirring 10min
After, in system, add 80ml methanol, under nitrogen protection, after system heating (80 DEG C) being stirred to clarify, continue stirring
30min stops heating, is naturally cooling to 25-30 DEG C, 10-15 DEG C of stirring and crystallizing of ice-water bath temperature control, and decompression sucking filtration obtains white filter cake,
Filter cake ice methanol drip washing, sucking filtration, drying under reduced pressure, obtain methylnaltrexone bromide highly finished product, yield is 90%, and purity is more than 99.5%.
Claims (12)
1. a preparation method for methylnaltrexone bromide, comprises the steps:
1) adding naltrexone and hydrobromic acid in dipolar aprotic solvent, heated and stirred is dissolved, and drips bromomethane in hermetic container
Stirring reaction, prepares methylnaltrexone bromide crude product；
2) being added by methylnaltrexone bromide crude product in the mixed solution of the alkali of moderate strength, rudimentary alcohol and water, heated and stirred makes it become salt,
Cooling crystallize, filters to obtain methylnaltrexone bromide salt；
3) methylnaltrexone bromide salt is dissolved in the mixed solvent of rudimentary alcohol and water, with hydrobromic acid regulation pH value to less than 2, adds
Thermal agitation dissolve, lower the temperature crystallize, filter refined after methylnaltrexone bromide.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) described in dipolar aprotic solvent be selected from
One in N,N-dimethylformamide, DMAC N,N' dimethyl acetamide and N-Methyl pyrrolidone.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) in dipolar aprotic solvent and the ratio of naltrexone
Example is 10ml:1g～20ml:1g；Bromomethane is 5:1～15:1 with the mol ratio of naltrexone.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) in the mol ratio of hydrobromic acid and naltrexone be
1:100～5:100；Hydrobromic concentration is 30～40%.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 1) reaction temperature be 35～50 DEG C, the most instead
Answer temperature 40-45 DEG C；Response time is 20～48 hours, and the preferably response time is 24 hours.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) described in the alkali of moderate strength be sodium carbonate
Or potassium carbonate.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) and step 3) described in lower alcohol be selected from
One or more in methanol, ethanol, normal propyl alcohol and isopropanol.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) described in the volume ratio of lower alcohol and water be
30:1～5:1；Described methylnaltrexone bromide crude product with the ratio of the alkali of described moderate strength, the mixed solution of rudimentary alcohol and water is
1g:3ml～1g:8ml；The alkali of described moderate strength is 0.5:1～2:1 with the mol ratio of methylnaltrexone bromide crude product.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 2) reaction temperature be 50～70 DEG C, preferably
55～65 DEG C.
Preparation method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) described in the mixed solvent of rudimentary alcohol and water
In, lower alcohol is 6:1～2:1 with the volume ratio of water.
11. preparation methoies according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in hydrobromic acid regulate pH value 1～2.
12. preparation methoies according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step 3) in recrystallization temperature be 0～25 DEG C.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111777617A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 华润三九医药股份有限公司 | Refining method of methylnaltrexone bromide |
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| US4176186A (en) * | 1978-07-28 | 1979-11-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim Gmbh | Quaternary derivatives of noroxymorphone which relieve intestinal immobility |
| CN1204649A (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-13 | 卢正堂 | Naloxonate and naltrexonate and series product and preparation method |
| CN1711270A (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2005-12-21 | 马林克罗特公司 | Process for the preparation of quaternary n-alkyl morphinan alkaloid salts |
| CN101781303A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2010-07-21 | 马林克罗特公司 | Process for the preparation of quaternary n-alkyl morphinan alkaloid salts |
| CN102225939A (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2011-10-26 | 赛诺菲-安万特 | Process for preparing N-alkyl naltrexone halides |
-
2015
- 2015-06-30 CN CN201510386179.3A patent/CN106317064B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4176186A (en) * | 1978-07-28 | 1979-11-27 | Boehringer Ingelheim Gmbh | Quaternary derivatives of noroxymorphone which relieve intestinal immobility |
| CN1204649A (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-13 | 卢正堂 | Naloxonate and naltrexonate and series product and preparation method |
| CN1711270A (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2005-12-21 | 马林克罗特公司 | Process for the preparation of quaternary n-alkyl morphinan alkaloid salts |
| CN102225939A (en) * | 2006-09-21 | 2011-10-26 | 赛诺菲-安万特 | Process for preparing N-alkyl naltrexone halides |
| CN101781303A (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2010-07-21 | 马林克罗特公司 | Process for the preparation of quaternary n-alkyl morphinan alkaloid salts |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111777617A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-10-16 | 华润三九医药股份有限公司 | Refining method of methylnaltrexone bromide |
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