CN106316727A - Porous and granular ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil) and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Porous and granular ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil) and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN106316727A CN106316727A CN201610783865.9A CN201610783865A CN106316727A CN 106316727 A CN106316727 A CN 106316727A CN 201610783865 A CN201610783865 A CN 201610783865A CN 106316727 A CN106316727 A CN 106316727A
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- oil
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- biomass fuel
- ammonium nitrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
- C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
- Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
Abstract
The invention discloses porous and granular ANFO (ammonium nitrate fuel oil) and a preparation method thereof. The porous and granular ANFO comprises components in percentage by mass as follows: 93%-97% of porous and granular ammonium nitrate and 3%-7% of biomass fuel oil, wherein the distillation range of the biomass fuel oil is 170 DEG C or higher. The preparation method of the porous and granular ANFO comprises the steps that hydrogenated oil is subjected to thermal cracking rapidly in presence of a catalyst, a cracking product is purified, light yellow transparent biomass fuel oil is obtained and mixed with porous and granular ANFO in proportion, and the porous and granular ANFO is obtained. The porous and granular ANFO has high storage stability and better explosion performance, the preparation method adopts a simple process, the used raw materials are renewable energy sources, little environmental pollution is produced, and industrial production is facilitated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to one and utilize hydrogenated oil and fat to crack
Porous particulated ammonium oil explosive prepared by production hydrocarbon fuels oil and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, owing to its component is simple, only ammonium nitrate and diesel oil, it is simple to operate,
Porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, simultaneously ammonium nitrate is i.e. obtained after having only to be simply mixed ammonium nitrate and diesel oil
With low cost with diesel oil so that porous particulated ammonium oil explosive cost is relatively low, therefore porous particulated ammonium oil explosive is worldwide
It is widely used, in China's civil explosive industry planning, the most clearly proposes porous particulated ammonium oil explosive to be greatly developed.Many
Hole ANFO explosives prill is ammonium nitrate oxidizing agent and the mixture of diesel oil reducing agent, along with exhaustion and the world wide of fossil energy
Constantly increasing the weight of of environment pollution problem, and the continuous fluctuation of diesel-fuel price, necessary Development of Novel recyclable fuel replaces
Dai Pin, substitutes the diesel fuel composition of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, makes porous particulated ammonium oil explosive have reproducible characteristic.
Problem of environmental pollution during using along with the day by day exhausted of fossil energy and fossil energy is day by day serious, sends out
Exhibition regenerative resource obtains the extensive approval of countries in the world, and development renewable biomass fuel technology has obtained increasing weight
Depending on and research.
Owing to the carbon number in animal and plant fat is close with the carbon number in fossil diesel fuel, oils and fats is as Renewable resource simultaneously,
Raw material sources are extensive, have been first subjected to the attention of people, current ester-interchange method and cracking process in Renewable resource evolution
That studies is the most extensive, and patent CN 101475828A discloses a kind of biological in ZSM-5 catalyst action cracking system by vegetable oil
The method of diesel oil, the method directly uses vegetable oil to be raw material, and cost is the highest, the biodiesel poor stability that cracking is produced, and
And the problem needing to tackle catalysqt deactivation.Patent CN 101935593A discloses a kind of Supercritical methanol continuous processing system
The method of standby biodiesel, the method need to be carried out at high temperature under high pressure, and the requirement to consersion unit is harsh, and energy consumption is bigger simultaneously.
Patent CN104342198 reports the method that biomass fuel is prepared in Chinese tallow cracking under the conditions of microwave-assisted, due to this
Reaction microwave method is done, and high to equipment requirements, energy consumption is the biggest simultaneously.Patent CN 1861750A discloses a kind of employing
The method that Bronsted acid ion liquid catalyst prepares biodiesel, there is ionic-liquid catalyst and is difficult to removing etc. in the method
A difficult problem.Zhang Yu etc. report enuatrol cracking under microwave condition and obtain method (Zhang Yu, the Zhang Xiu of hydrocarbon biomass fuel
Celery, Zhang Zhongqiang, etc. the comparative study [J] of HC fuel is prepared in enuatrol microwave cracking decarboxylation. Chinese oil, and 2015,40 (1):
69-73).The biodiesel that the ester-exchange technology of development produces at present is of a relatively high due to freezing point, and production of biodiesel
Raw material is required higher, limits the biodiesel further application as petrochemical industry oil-producing succedaneum.Furthermore with animals and plants
Oils and fats directly cracks, and due to the existence of double bond in Vegetable oil lipoprotein, causes pyrolysis product small molecular chain content of material the highest, cracking
Producing the mainly gasolene ingredient of material, diesel fuel composition is little.Gasoline flash-point is relatively low, for security consideration, direct cracking process
The biomass fuel produced is not suitable for diesel oil substitute in porous and granular explosive and directly uses.Currently also there is stalk raw simultaneously
The report of material cracking generation biomass fuel, such as CN101602954A, CN103980921A, CN101613613A, etc., all
Reporting stalk biomass cracking and produce biomass fuel method, CN103965533A fuse salt is that carrier reports straw
The method of biolobic material cracking.Owing to this biolobic material itself is cellulose, hemicellulose all becomes with lignin, and oxygen content is relatively
Height, makes the fuel oil acid number in pyrolysis product high, and viscosity is big, and oxidation stability is poor, and hydrophilic is strong, and aldehydes matter content is high
Etc. shortcoming, limit this type of renewable fuel oil and use in commercial explosive as fossil diesel fuel succedaneum.
Although directly vegetable oil cracking being obtained renewable fuel oil, molecular weight is little, is not suitable in commercial explosive using,
But it is the effective ways producing biomass fuel by plant decarboxylation acid cleavage.Compared to biodiesel, through the combustion that cracking obtains
Material oil has more preferable stability and high heating value.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of environmental protection renewable, stability is strong, explosion property more preferable porous and granular ammonium oil
Explosive and preparation method thereof, hydrogenated oil and fat is changed into and nature of petroleum and component for raw material through deacidification reaction by the method with hydrogenated oil and fat
Similar Hydrocarbon, obtains porous grain with ammonium nitrate after utilizing this Hydrocarbon to mix according to a certain percentage
Shape ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture.
The technical solution realizing the object of the invention is:
A kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, by mass percentage, composed of the following components: ammonium nitrate 93%
~97%, biomass fuel 3%~7%;The boiling range of wherein said biomass fuel is more than 170 DEG C.
Preferably, a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, by mass percentage, composed of the following components: porous and granular nitre
Acid ammonium 94%, biomass fuel 6%.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, specifically include following steps:
Under the protection of step one, nitrogen, hydrogenated oil and fat is heated to 350 DEG C~450 DEG C and carries out cracking reaction, be 30 DEG C by boiling range
~after 60 DEG C of petroleum ether collection cooling pyrolysis products, evaporation removes petroleum ether, gained pyrolysis product carries out separated, collects
Boiling range biomass fuel more than 170 DEG C;
Step 2, step one gained biomass fuel is mixed with ammonium nitrate after obtain porous and granular ammonium oil
Explosive, wherein mass percent shared by biomass fuel is 3%~7%, and mass percent shared by ammonium nitrate is
93%~97%.
In above-mentioned steps, described hydrogenated oil and fat is oil with hydrogenated soybean, hydrogenated palm oil, any one in hydrogenated rapeseed oil
Kind.
In above-mentioned steps, also can add catalyst in the cracking reaction of described step one, the addition of catalyst is hydrogenation
Oil and the 0.1%~2% of catalyst gross mass, catalyst is potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide,
One in magnesium oxide.
In above-mentioned steps, described petroleum ether can reclaim after evaporation separates, and further, described petroleum ether reclaims
Carry out under condition of negative pressure.
Compared with prior art, its remarkable advantage is the present invention:
1, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive of the present invention in component owing to utilizing bio-oil to instead of traditional fossil bavin
Oil so that explosive has reproducible feature, and after blast, toxic gas content significantly reduces, and characteristic of environmental protection is obvious.
2, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive of the present invention uses 93%~97% ammonium nitrate by mass percentage
Being mixed to prepare with 3%~7% biomass fuel, explosion property is remarkably reinforced compared with conventional explosives, is more highly preferred to,
Take 94% ammonium nitrate and 6% biomass fuel mixes, the explosive charge produced under this optimum proportioning
Can be more preferably.
3, the preparation method of explosive of the present invention obtains bio-oil, due to pyrolysis product first with hydrogenated oil and fat cracking
Macromolecular chain content of material is higher, and main component is based on diesel oil, is therefore suitable in porous particulated ammonium oil explosive using, with
Time products therefrom oxygen content low, good fluidity, stability is strong, more conducively industrialized production.
4, in the preparation method of explosive of the present invention after hydrogenated oil and fat cracking reaction, condensed, separated, collect boiling range and exist
The biomass fuel of more than 170 DEG C, improves oil flash point so that the production security of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive is the most therewith
Improve.Oil phase material suppresses with ammonium nitrate isolated simultaneously, and porous particulated ammonium oil explosive storage stability also obtains significantly
Strengthen.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, technical scheme is further described, but should be as limiting the present invention
Protection domain.
Embodiment 1
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, after the hydrogenated palm oil that mass ratio is 99.9:0.1 is uniformly mixed with potassium carbonate, at pyrolysis furnace
In carry out fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 350 DEG C, is will be mixed after 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether collect cooling pyrolysis products by boiling range
Compound recycles after evaporating separation petroleum ether under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure.Carry out adding thermal distillation by the pyrolysis product of above-mentioned gained
Separate, collect boiling range biomass fuel oil component more than 170 DEG C, be used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material
Material raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 94:6 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 2950m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Embodiment 2
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, it is, after 98:2 oil with hydrogenated soybean uniformly mixes with potassium hydroxide, to enter in pyrolysis furnace by mass ratio
Row fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 450 DEG C, is that 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether are collected mixture after cooling pyrolysis products by boiling range
Recycle after under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure, evaporation separates petroleum ether.The pyrolysis product of above-mentioned gained is carried out separated, receives
Collection boiling range biomass fuel oil component more than 170 DEG C, is used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 94:6 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 3020m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Embodiment 3
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, after the hydrogenated rapeseed oil that mass ratio is 99:1 is uniformly mixed with sodium hydroxide, in pyrolysis furnace
Carrying out fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 400 DEG C, is will mixing after 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether collect cooling pyrolysis product by boiling range
Thing recycles after evaporating separation petroleum ether under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure.The biomass fuel of above-mentioned gained is carried out distillation point
From, collect boiling range biomass fuel oil component more than 170 DEG C, be used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material
Raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 94:6 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 3080m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Embodiment 4
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, after the hydrogenated palm oil that mass ratio is 99:1 is uniformly mixed with zirconium oxide, enter in pyrolysis furnace
Row fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 390 DEG C, is that 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether are collected mixture after cooling pyrolysis products by boiling range
Recycle after under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure, evaporation separates petroleum ether.The pyrolysis product of above-mentioned gained is carried out separated, receives
Collection boiling range biomass fuel oil component more than 170 DEG C, is used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 94:6 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 2960m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Embodiment 5
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, after the oil with hydrogenated soybean that mass ratio is 99.5:0.5 is uniformly mixed with calcium oxide, at pyrolysis furnace
In carry out fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 420 DEG C, is will be mixed after 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether collect cooling pyrolysis products by boiling range
Compound recycles after evaporating separation petroleum ether under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure.The pyrolysis product of above-mentioned gained is carried out distillation point
From, collect boiling range biomass fuel oil component more than 170 DEG C, be used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material
Raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 94:6 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 3050m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Embodiment 6
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, after the hydrogenated palm oil that mass ratio is 98.5:1.5 is uniformly mixed with magnesium oxide, at pyrolysis furnace
In carry out fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 400 DEG C, is will be mixed after 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether collect cooling pyrolysis products by boiling range
Compound recycles after evaporating separation petroleum ether under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure.The pyrolysis product of above-mentioned gained is carried out distillation point
From, collect boiling range biomass fuel oil component more than 170 DEG C, be used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material
Raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 93:7 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 2690m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Embodiment 7
The first step;The preparation of biomass fuel
Under nitrogen protection, hydrogenated palm oil carrying out in pyrolysis furnace fast pyrolysis, cracking temperature is 400 DEG C, with boiling
Journey be after 30~60 DEG C of petroleum ether collect cooling pyrolysis products, mixture evaporate under 45 DEG C of condition of negative pressure and separates petroleum ether after
Recycle.The pyrolysis product of above-mentioned gained is carried out separated, collects boiling range biomass fuel more than 170 DEG C and become
Point, it is used as after cooling to prepare ammonium nitrate oil phase material raw material.
Second step;The preparation of ammonium nitrate
The present invention is obtained with biomass fuel many after being mixed for 97:3 in mass ratio by ammonium nitrate
Hole ANFO explosives prill.Diesel oil is proportionally mixed homogeneously with coal dust and obtains common porous ANFO explosives prill.With reference to porous
Ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture explosion velocity method of testing test explosion velocity, the porous particulated ammonium oil explosive explosion velocity of the present invention is 3070m/s, with petrifaction diesel
Common porous ANFO explosives prill explosion velocity for fuel is 2730m/s.
Claims (8)
1. a porous particulated ammonium oil explosive, it is characterised in that by mass percentage, composed of the following components:
Ammonium nitrate 93%~97%, biomass fuel 3%~7%;The boiling range of wherein said biomass fuel
More than 170 DEG C.
A kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that by mass percentage, by with
Lower component forms: ammonium nitrate 94% and biomass fuel 6%.
3. the preparation method of an a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that include as follows
Step:
Under the protection of step one, nitrogen, hydrogenated oil and fat is heated to 350 DEG C~450 DEG C and carries out cracking reaction, be 30 DEG C~60 by boiling range
After DEG C petroleum ether collects cooling pyrolysis product, evaporation removes petroleum ether, and gained pyrolysis product carries out separated, collects boiling range
Biomass fuel more than 170 DEG C;
Step 2, step one gained biomass fuel is mixed with ammonium nitrate after to obtain porous and granular ammonium fried
Medicine, wherein mass percent shared by biomass fuel is 3%~7%, and mass percent shared by ammonium nitrate is
93%~97%.
The preparation method of a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described hydrogenated oil and fat
For oil with hydrogenated soybean, hydrogenated palm oil, any one in hydrogenated rapeseed oil.
The preparation method of a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: described step one
Cracking reaction in add catalyst, the addition of catalyst is the 0.1%~2% of hydrogenated oil and fat and catalyst gross mass.
The preparation method of a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: described catalysis
Agent is potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, the one in magnesium oxide.
The preparation method of a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described petroleum ether
Can recycle after evaporation separates.
The preparation method of a kind of porous particulated ammonium oil explosive the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described petroleum ether
Reclaim and carry out under condition of negative pressure.
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Cited By (3)
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CN109627132A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽雷鸣科化有限责任公司 | A kind of porous ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of biology oil type resistance to water soak and its production equipment |
CN112679289A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 江西国泰七零九科技有限公司 | Emulsion explosive composite oil phase and preparation method thereof |
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CN109233893A (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-18 | 苏州丰倍生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of grease catalytic pyrolysis oil and its application in ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture |
CN109627132A (en) * | 2019-01-02 | 2019-04-16 | 安徽雷鸣科化有限责任公司 | A kind of porous ammonium nitrate-fuel oil mixture of biology oil type resistance to water soak and its production equipment |
CN112679289A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-20 | 江西国泰七零九科技有限公司 | Emulsion explosive composite oil phase and preparation method thereof |
CN112679289B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-05-17 | 江西国泰七零九科技有限公司 | Emulsion explosive composite oil phase and preparation method thereof |
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