CN106310261B - 具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法,属于药物载体基础材料的合成技术领域。本发明的技术方案要点包括油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成、二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成、叶酸乙二胺复合物的合成和具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的合成等步骤。本发明所合成的具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料能够在水等极性溶剂中很好的分散,并且能够进一步与亲水性高分子结合形成亲水性药物载体,并且具有肿瘤靶向作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药物载体基础材料的合成技术领域,具体涉及一种具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法。
背景技术
叶酸是一种水溶性B族维生素,对于核苷酸的更新及单电子转移反应是必须的,甚至在其通过γ-羧基被衍生化后仍能保持对叶酸受体的亲和力,因此成为可能的肿瘤靶向配基。而众所周知,一些恶性肿瘤,尤其是卵巢、鼻咽、宫颈和绒毛膜瘤均有高水平表达的叶酸受体,这些受体可通过血流接近,而在一些正常组织,如胎盘、肾、输卵管脉络膜丛,其表达则被局限在无法接近血流的上皮细胞腔壁。研究表明,尽管存在一定的生理水平的叶酸血流中的叶酸受体,叶酸受体特有的肿瘤依然对叶酸键合物能够吸收。叶酸靶向已经被用来评估很多治疗药物的肿瘤细胞选择性递送过程。因此,具有叶酸的载体可实现对肿瘤部位的主动结合,实现主动靶向。
磁性纳米粒子如Fe3O4已经在生物医学如靶向递药、生物传感器、生化分离及磁共振成像中得到应用,药物磁靶向即将药物固定于磁性材料中,通过外磁场进行导向已经成为重要的递药手段。因其提高了现有的药物和基因传递技术,超顺磁性纳米粒子对药物分子的递药有潜在的临床应用。
将叶酸和磁性纳米粒子通过化学或物理作用嵌入药物载体,则可实现物理磁靶向和主动靶向相结合的双重靶向作用,从而提高药效,减少正常组织的副作用。针对以上情况,本发明将叶酸直接与磁性材料相结合,从而形成新的复合纳米粒子,则以此为基础,方便与各种无机或有机材料进行复合,从而实现载体对药物的主动靶向和磁靶向。
发明内容
本发明解决的技术问题是提供了一种能够在极性溶剂中良好分散的具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法。
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用如下技术方案,具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将六水合氯化铁和油酸钠溶于乙醇、水和正己烷的混合溶液中,加热回流2h,用去离子水洗涤后真空干燥得到油酸铁磁流体,将油酸铁磁流体溶于60℃的水中,加入油酸,在氮气保护下以3-5℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃保持20min,继续以3-5℃/min的升温速率升温至320℃保持40min,然后降温至60℃用乙醇洗涤后溶于环己烷中,再用乙醇沉淀并离心分离后于60℃烘干得到油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(2)二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将步骤(1)得到的油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散于氯仿中并加入三乙胺,分散均匀后加入到二巯基丁二酸的二甲基亚砜溶液中,再置于60℃的油浴中搅拌反应24h,所得产物离心分离,沉淀用乙醇洗涤得到二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(3)叶酸乙二胺复合物的合成,将叶酸和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐加入到溶解有Boc-乙二胺和三乙胺的二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,于40-80℃反应60h,反应完全后加入氯仿和水,静置分层后倾去上层溶液,用饱和食盐水洗涤沉淀,挥发除去溶剂后再溶于乙醇,抽滤,取滤液加入蒸馏水沉淀,在沉淀中加入二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸,常温静置3h,除去有机溶剂后再用丙酮洗涤,然后离心分离得到固体叶酸乙二胺复合物;
(4)具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的合成,将步骤(3)得到的叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于水中并加入步骤(2)得到的二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子和二环己基碳二亚胺,回流反应48h后离心分离,水洗三遍得到目标产物具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料。
进一步优选,步骤(1)中所述六水合氯化铁与油酸钠的质量比为3:1,乙醇、水和正己烷的混合溶液中乙醇、水与正己烷的体积比为20:15:35。
进一步优选,步骤(2)中所述二巯基丁二酸与油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的质量比为1:2。
进一步优选,步骤(3)中所述叶酸与1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐的质量比为1-3:1,Boc-乙二胺与三乙胺的体积比为1:1-3,二氯甲烷与三氟乙酸的体积比为10-20:1。
进一步优选,步骤(4)中所述叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于水形成的溶液中叶酸乙二胺复合物的质量分数为1%-4%,二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子与二环己基碳二亚胺的质量比为1-5:1。
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明所合成的具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料能够在水等极性溶剂中很好的分散;
2、本发明所合成的具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料能够进一步与亲水性高分子结合形成亲水性药物载体,并且具有肿瘤靶向作用。
附图说明
图1是实施例1合成的不同化合物的红外光谱图;
图2是实施例1合成的叶酸乙二胺复合物与叶酸的荧光图谱;
图3是实施例1合成的具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的透射电镜图;
图4是实施例1合成的具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的磁滞曲线。
具体实施方式
以下通过实施例对本发明的上述内容做进一步详细说明,但不应该将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于以下的实施例,凡基于本发明上述内容实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
本发明合成过程的反应方程式为:
实施例1
(1)油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将3g六水合氯化铁和1g油酸钠溶于70mL乙醇、水和正己烷(20:15:35,v/v/v)的混合溶液中,加热回流2h,用去离子水洗涤后真空干燥得到油酸铁磁流体,将油酸铁磁流体溶于60℃的水中,加入2mL油酸,在氮气保护下以4℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃保持20min,继续以4℃/min的升温速率升温至320℃保持40min,然后降温至60℃用乙醇洗涤后溶于环己烷中,再用乙醇沉淀并离心分离后于60℃烘干得到油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(2)二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将1g步骤(1)得到的油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散于10mL氯仿中并加入0.5mL三乙胺,分散均匀后加入到0.5g二巯基丁二酸的二甲基亚砜溶液中,再置于60℃的油浴中搅拌反应24h,所得产物离心分离10min,沉淀用乙醇洗涤得到二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(3)叶酸乙二胺复合物的合成,将2g叶酸和1g 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐加入到溶解有1mL Boc-乙二胺和2mL三乙胺的二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,于60℃反应60h,反应完全后加入氯仿和水,静置后分层倾去上层溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤沉淀,挥发除去溶剂后再溶于乙醇,抽滤,取滤液加入蒸馏水沉淀,在沉淀中加入15mL二氯甲烷和1mL三氟乙酸,常温静置3h,除去有机溶剂后再用丙酮洗涤,然后离心分离得到固体叶酸乙二胺复合物;
(4)具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的合成,将2g步骤(3)得到的叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于100mL水中并加入3g步骤(2)得到的二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子和1g二环己基碳二亚胺,回流反应48h后离心分离,水洗三遍得到目标产物具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料。
实施例2
(1)油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将3g六水合氯化铁和1g油酸钠溶于70mL乙醇、水和正己烷(20:15:35,v/v/v)的混合溶液中,加热回流2h,用去离子水洗涤后真空干燥得到油酸铁磁流体,将油酸铁磁流体溶于60℃的水中,加入3mL油酸,在氮气保护下以5℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃保持20min,继续以5℃/min的升温速率升温至320℃保持40min,然后降温至60℃用乙醇洗涤后溶于环己烷中,再用乙醇沉淀并离心分离后于60℃烘干得到油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(2)二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将1g步骤(1)得到的油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散于10mL氯仿中并加入0.5mL三乙胺,分散均匀后加入到0.5g二巯基丁二酸的二甲基亚砜溶液中,再置于60℃的油浴中搅拌反应24h,所得产物离心分离10min,沉淀用乙醇洗涤得到二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(3)叶酸乙二胺复合物的合成,将3g叶酸和1g 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐加入到溶解有1mL Boc-乙二胺和1mL三乙胺的二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,于40℃反应60h,反应完全后加入氯仿和水,静置后分层倾去上层溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤沉淀,挥发除去溶剂后再溶于乙醇,抽滤,取滤液加入蒸馏水沉淀,在沉淀中加入10mL二氯甲烷和1mL三氟乙酸,常温静置3h,除去有机溶剂后再用丙酮洗涤,然后离心分离得到固体叶酸乙二胺复合物;
(4)具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的合成,将4g步骤(3)得到的叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于100mL水中并加入5g步骤(2)得到的二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子和1g二环己基碳二亚胺,回流反应48h后离心分离,水洗三遍得到目标产物具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料。
实施例3
(1)油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将3g六水合氯化铁和1g油酸钠溶于70mL乙醇、水和正己烷(20:15:35,v/v/v)的混合溶液中,加热回流2h,用去离子水洗涤后真空干燥得到油酸铁磁流体,将油酸铁磁流体溶于60℃的水中,加入3mL油酸,在氮气保护下以3℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃保持20min,继续以3℃/min的升温速率升温至320℃保持40min,然后降温至60℃用乙醇洗涤后溶于环己烷中,再用乙醇沉淀并离心分离后于60℃烘干得到油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(2)二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将1g步骤(1)得到的油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散于10mL氯仿中并加入0.5mL三乙胺,分散均匀后加入到0.5g二巯基丁二酸的二甲基亚砜溶液中,再置于60℃的油浴中搅拌反应24h,所得产物离心分离10min,沉淀用乙醇洗涤得到二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子;
(3)叶酸乙二胺复合物的合成,将1g叶酸和1g 1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐加入到溶解有1mL Boc-乙二胺和3mL三乙胺的二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,于80℃反应60h,反应完全后加入氯仿和水,静置后分层倾去上层溶液,饱和食盐水洗涤沉淀,挥发除去溶剂后再溶于乙醇,抽滤,取滤液加入蒸馏水沉淀,在沉淀中加入20mL二氯甲烷和1mL三氟乙酸,常温静置3h,除去有机溶剂后再用丙酮洗涤,然后离心分离得到固体叶酸乙二胺复合物;
(4)具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的合成,将1g步骤(3)得到的叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于100mL水中并加入1g步骤(2)得到的二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子和1g二环己基碳二亚胺,回流反应48h后离心分离,水洗三遍得到目标产物具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料。
以上实施例描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明原理的范围下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进均落入本发明保护的范围内。
Claims (1)
1.具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向的复合纳米材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤为:
(1)油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将六水合氯化铁和油酸钠溶于乙醇、水和正己烷的混合溶液中,加热回流2h,用去离子水洗涤后真空干燥得到油酸铁磁流体,将油酸铁磁流体溶于60℃的水中,加入油酸,在氮气保护下以3-5℃/min的升温速率升温至200℃保持20min,继续以3-5℃/min的升温速率升温至320℃保持40min,然后降温至60℃用乙醇洗涤后溶于环己烷中,再用乙醇沉淀并离心分离后于60℃烘干得到油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,所述六水合氯化铁与油酸钠的质量比为3:1,乙醇、水和正己烷的混合溶液中乙醇、水与正己烷的体积比为20:15:35;
(2)二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的合成,将步骤(1)得到的油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子分散于氯仿中并加入三乙胺,分散均匀后加入到二巯基丁二酸的二甲基亚砜溶液中,再置于60℃的油浴中搅拌反应24h,所得产物离心分离,沉淀用乙醇洗涤得到二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子,所述二巯基丁二酸与油酸保护的四氧化三铁纳米粒子的质量比为1:2;
(3)叶酸乙二胺复合物的合成,将叶酸和1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐加入到溶解有Boc-乙二胺和三乙胺的二甲基甲酰胺溶液中,于40-80℃反应60h,反应完全后加入氯仿和水,静置分层后倾去上层溶液,用饱和食盐水洗涤沉淀,挥发除去溶剂后再溶于乙醇,抽滤,取滤液加入蒸馏水沉淀,在沉淀中加入二氯甲烷和三氟乙酸,常温静置3h,除去有机溶剂后再用丙酮洗涤,然后离心分离得到固体叶酸乙二胺复合物,所述叶酸与1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐的质量比为1-3:1,Boc-乙二胺与三乙胺的体积比为1:1-3,二氯甲烷与三氟乙酸的体积比为10-20:1;
(4)具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料的合成,将步骤(3)得到的叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于水中并加入步骤(2)得到的二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子和二环己基碳二亚胺,回流反应48h后离心分离,水洗三遍得到目标产物具有磁性和叶酸双重靶向复合纳米材料,所述叶酸乙二胺复合物溶于水形成的溶液中叶酸乙二胺复合物的质量分数为1%-4%,二巯基丁二酸修饰的四氧化三铁纳米粒子与二环己基碳二亚胺的质量比为1-5:1。
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