CN106309640A - 一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂 - Google Patents
一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂,由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:按其重量份数计,板蓝根16‑20份、栀子16‑20份、苦参12‑18、穿心莲8‑12份、牡丹皮12‑18份、柴胡12‑18份、牛膝2‑6份、黄花地丁8‑11份、五倍子2‑6份、甘草8‑20份。利用传统的中草药合理搭配,可以通过消毒、杀菌预防工厂化繁育海湾扇贝的常见病害问题,同时本发明采用中草药制剂,可以保证池水和海湾扇贝体内不残留有毒有害的化学药剂。使用本发明可以有效地防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害,提高工厂化繁育海湾扇贝成活率,产卵率,对工厂化繁育海湾扇贝繁育具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于渔业用药技术领域,具体而言,特别涉及一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
海湾扇贝(Argopecten irradias),属瓣鳃纲,异柱目,扇贝科,扇贝属。又称大西洋内湾扇贝。贝壳中等大小,近圆形。壳表黄褐色,放射肋20条左右,肋较宽而高起,肋上无棘。生长纹较明显。无足丝。壳顶位于背侧中央,前壳耳大,后壳耳小。原产于美国东海岸。1982年由张福绥院士引进中国,并开展人工养殖。现年产量约8万吨,主要集中于山东、辽宁。常年可收获,以春季质量较好。长发育较快,春季培育的苗种,养殖到秋季(壳高达5厘米左右)性腺就成熟,并可以此为亲贝采卵培育苗种。生物学最小型为2.2厘米。性腺局限于腹部,精巢位于腹部外周缘,成熟时为乳白色;卵巢位于精巢内侧,成熟时褐红色,通常性腺部位表面具一层黑膜,在性腺逐渐成熟过程中,黑膜逐渐消失,精巢与卵巢便历历分明。
中草药属天然药物,在我国的应用和研究,已经积累有丰富的经验。利用中草药来防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害越来越受人们的重视和青睐,越来越被广泛接受,是与其独特的作用机制、作用方式和优势分不开的,概括地说,中草药防治疾病具有调整作用、扶正祛邪、无耐药性以及无公害等其它药物不可比拟的特点和优势,效果好,而且不存在抗生素药物的残留问题,对我国的水产繁育产品出口非常有利。另外,中草药还有价格便宜,来源广泛,使用方便等优点,是今后鱼药的发展方向之一。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂。
本发明的目的是这样实现的:
一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂,由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:板蓝根16-20份、栀子16-20份、苦参12-18、穿心莲8-12份、牡丹皮12-18份、柴胡12-18份、牛膝2-6份、黄花地丁8-11份、五倍子2-6份、甘草8-20份。
优选地,所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂,由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:板蓝根18份、栀子18份、苦参16、穿心莲10份、牡丹皮16份、柴胡14份、牛膝4份、黄花地丁9份、五倍子4份、甘草11份。
进一步优选地,所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂是颗粒剂。
将上述各中药材制备成本发明的中草药制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:按处方量称取清洗干净的上述中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
上述防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害中药颗粒剂的用量为按60-80g/100kg体重的比例拌药饵,让工厂化繁育海湾扇贝口服,连用5-7天为一个疗程。
本发明人用中草药制剂防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害,从我们的实验结果看,应用本发明的中草药制剂可有效控制工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害,降低工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的发病率和死亡率,而且还不产生耐药性。本发明将传统中药合理组方,抗菌消炎、增强免疫力的功效极为显著,为水产繁育业提供了一种工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的有效治疗药物,具有见效快、疗效确实、无药残、无任何毒副作用的特点;其制备方法简单,适合规模化生产的需要。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例进一步说明本发明。本发明的实施例仅仅是用于说明本发明,而不是对本发明的限制,在本发明的构思前提下对本发明制备方法的简单改进都属于本发明要求保护的范围。下面结合具体实施例对本发明所述技术方案作进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂,由板蓝根、栀子、苦参、穿心莲、牡丹皮、柴胡、牛膝、黄花地丁、五倍子、甘草组成,其中,板蓝根18kg、栀子18kg、苦参16kg、穿心莲10kg、牡丹皮16kg、柴胡14kg、牛膝4kg、黄花地丁9kg、五倍子4kg、甘草11kg。
上述防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:称取清板蓝根18kg、栀子18kg、苦参16kg、穿心莲10kg、牡丹皮16kg、柴胡14kg、牛膝4kg、黄花地丁9kg、五倍子4kg、甘草11kg为原料,洗干净中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
实施例2
一种防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂,由板蓝根、栀子、苦参、穿心莲、牡丹皮、柴胡、牛膝、黄花地丁、五倍子、甘草组成,其中,板蓝根19kg、栀子17kg、苦参15kg、穿心莲9kg、牡丹皮14kg、柴胡13kg、牛膝3kg、黄花地丁10kg、五倍子5kg、甘草13kg。
上述防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:称取板蓝根19kg、栀子17kg、苦参15kg、穿心莲9kg、牡丹皮14kg、柴胡13kg、牛膝3kg、黄花地丁10kg、五倍子5kg、甘草13kg为原料,洗干净中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
实施例3
一种防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂,由板蓝根、栀子、苦参、穿心莲、牡丹皮、柴胡、牛膝、黄花地丁、五倍子、甘草组成,其中,板蓝根20kg、栀子20kg、苦参18kg、穿心莲12kg、牡丹皮18kg、柴胡18kg、牛膝6kg、黄花地丁11kg、五倍子6kg、甘草15kg。
上述防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂的制备方法,具体制备步骤如下:
第一步,制备清膏粉:
1)备料:称取板蓝根19kg、栀子17kg、苦参15kg、穿心莲9kg、牡丹皮14kg、柴胡13kg、牛膝3kg、黄花地丁10kg、五倍子5kg、甘草15kg为原料,洗干净中药材,粉碎,备用;
2)煎煮:加水煎煮,第一煎每罐加水为药材总量的8倍,加热沸腾后保持2小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;第二煎加入药材量6倍的水加热提取,保沸1.5小时,提取液经过200目过滤器过滤进入沉淀罐;
3)沉淀:沉淀罐中提取液沉淀12小时,抽取上清液经过200目过滤器过滤至三效蒸发器中,沉淀物按废弃物处理;
4)浓缩:当上清液在三效蒸发器中浓缩至相对密度为1.05~1.10(40℃测定)时,将稀清膏经200目过滤器过滤抽入真空减压浓缩罐中,加入乙醇至含醇量60%(v/v),放置,滤过;浓缩并混合至相对密度为1.10~1.22(90℃测定)时出膏,至贮膏桶内,备用;
5)干燥:其中真空度:0.01MPa,温度:78~82℃,干燥时间12~18小时;
6)打粉:粉碎细度80目筛,得到清膏粉;
第二步,按照清膏粉:淀粉:55%乙醇为1:1~3:0.1~0.3的重量比称取清膏粉、糊精与55%乙醇,其中55%乙醇是指体积浓度为55%的乙醇水溶液;
第三步,将清膏粉与淀粉投入槽型混合机中,搅拌20分钟,边搅拌边缓缓加入55%乙醇,至制成软材,用12目不锈钢筛制粒,60~70℃干燥2小时,取出,放凉即得所述的颗粒剂。
实施例4临床试验
上述防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中药颗粒剂的用量为按60g/100kg体重的比例拌药饵,口服,连用5天为一个疗程。口服后通过肠道吸收达到治疗疾病的目的。
2016年7月20日,山东省威海地区某育苗场繁育的工厂化繁育海湾扇贝发病,临床症状:患病的工厂化繁育海湾扇贝触手、躯干部或头部皮肤溃烂,坏死脱落,严重者溃烂深入到肌肉层。经诊断为典型溃烂病。遂用本发明实施例2所述中药颗粒剂治疗,用药2天后,病情明显好转,身体颜色变化明显,死亡率逐天降低,7天后死亡率为0,基本痊愈。
发明人用中草药制剂防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害,从我们的实验结果看,不管是预防,还是治疗,疗效显著,而且还不产生耐药性,经多次试验和小面积推广应用,取得了良好的效果,使繁育场经济效益明显提高。
Claims (3)
1.一种用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂,其特征在于:由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:板蓝根16-20份、栀子16-20份、苦参12-18、穿心莲8-12份、牡丹皮12-18份、柴胡12-18份、牛膝2-6份、黄花地丁8-11份、五倍子2-6份、甘草8-20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂,其特征在于:由如下重量份的中药材制备而成:板蓝根18份、栀子18份、苦参16、穿心莲10份、牡丹皮16份、柴胡14份、牛膝4份、黄花地丁9份、五倍子4份、甘草11份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治工厂化繁育海湾扇贝常见病害的中草药制剂,其特征在于:它为颗粒剂。
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