CN1063082A - Carry out the method and system of offshore well operation - Google Patents
Carry out the method and system of offshore well operation Download PDFInfo
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- CN1063082A CN1063082A CN91112755A CN91112755A CN1063082A CN 1063082 A CN1063082 A CN 1063082A CN 91112755 A CN91112755 A CN 91112755A CN 91112755 A CN91112755 A CN 91112755A CN 1063082 A CN1063082 A CN 1063082A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
- E21B19/002—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables specially adapted for underwater drilling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
- B63B21/50—Anchoring arrangements or methods for special vessels, e.g. for floating drilling platforms or dredgers
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0007—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 for underwater installations
- E21B41/0014—Underwater well locating or reentry systems
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/12—Underwater drilling
- E21B7/128—Underwater drilling from floating support with independent underwater anchored guide base
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Abstract
Disclose a kind of method and system by means of compliant platform enforcement Offshore Operation at this, it comprises: above a selected well location, arrange an offshore drilling ship, and with respect to compliant platform constraint offshore drilling ship.Use a standpipe that between drilling ship and well, extends to carry out drilling operation from drilling ship, and between standpipe and compliant platform, set up contact at described well location.After drilling operation is finished, remove the constraint between offshore drilling ship and the compliant platform, and remove this drilling ship.
Description
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus that is used to set up, keep and quicken the hydrocarbon production of marine reservoir.Present invention is specifically related to the method and system of carrying out deep water oil, gas exploration with surperficial come-at-able completion method economically.
At sea in the exploitation of oil, gas storage, have traditional base foundation platform fixing or the rigid tower structure and used its logical depth limit.People's suggestion for economy: employing is used in the depth of water of seldom using in other areas in the Gulf of Mexico usually and replaces above-mentioned conventional art greater than 1200 feet method.In addition, even to develop most promising oil reservoir economically in darker waters in this way also be difficult.
A kind of scheme of replacing fixed tower is: by the facility drilling well that is installed on the building berth waterborne, and in the seabed with completion method completion under water.Gathering line links up subsea well and the facility that is usually located at the water surface, described facility or be positioned near zone or be provided with at a distance with the satellite mode of operation.
But going into the well in the seabed in the sea is relatively can not be approaching, and this root problem is strengthened again safeguarding that the harsh regulations of environment under the sea limit.Consequently its to keep operation be complicated, and expense is very high.This is because this operation also is difficult to finish with oil outlet pipe instrument or the manned submersible that shakes control operation transportation means or be suitable for the deep water use.In addition, it also is impossible keeping in repair in the most shallow deepwater work for all divers, and the work not only danger but also difficulty of there.
Can provide water surface completion to deep well by the application specific architecture that is more suitable for the deep water use in addition.The tension leg of various structures, flexible tower and hinged tower platform and floating oil production system have been carried out improving design, they can provide deepwater drilling and production facilities with the impossible cost of conventional fixed tower.But,, require the high concentration of well according to the high cost of these structures of orthodox practice for feasible economically.Therefore concerning many hydrocarbon reservoirs, can not use effectively, and can not prove that it is suitable concentrating how many wells.Other reservoirs can prove that it is suitable concentrating how many wells, but as long as reach drilling tech and be used for being only when facility on being contained in platform will be found time than the reservoir in territory, far field like this when extending.The well that this extension reaches can be finished by existing orientation and horizontal drilling technology, but the result significantly increases the probing expense of this well.
Also will further increase the cost of deep water platform if finish drilling operation by platform oneself.So remarkable increase flat-bed load, thus need enough big platform.In addition, can continue a lot of years with extending the main drilling operation of the technology that reaches from the reservoir of center exploitation dispersion.Even after main drilling well is finished, remedial work was subsequently fastened rig possibly in many years of platform.This two aspect represents that all economic benefit is low.Under first kind of situation, bore the well that such extension reaches, next well postpones and postponement is produced, thereby has reduced the speed that the required sizable capital expenditure of above-mentioned deep water structure is provided of regaining.In addition, bore after the completion, this very important equipment of drilling tool can not be used effectively, and makes exploration have bigger structure equally all the time, thereby equally also has influence on the flat-bed expense.
Another kind method is, with drilling ship that separates or be fixed on the contrary or the pre-drilling well of unsteady facility, and by scaled " completion " rig completion that is loaded on the production platform, described platform for example is arranged on the tension leg oil well platform (TLWP) at latter scene.This is added in load on the constant facility with reduction, and therefore allows a less platform, but this method can not be exploited any well before all wells have bored, and therefore, it has postponed to obtain the income of exploitation significantly.In addition, after platform had been installed, it is flexible that this design can not provide, with allow to add or offset a well.
Develop deep water hydro carbons storage effectively and must overcome these defectives, and a kind of method and system of developing this reservoir is provided, can reclaims with low fund of capital investment, investment faster, for the big more effective reservoir management of reservoir with increase the profitability exploitation reservoir that reservoir is laid in.
Purpose of the present invention is that the offshore oil in the deep water particularly, the water surface mean of access of gas well are provided economically.
Further purpose of the present invention provides in a kind of deep water the system and method that bores oil, gas well, it can carry out water surface completion and need be under the exploitation state usually idle special-purpose drilling well facility.
Another purpose of the present invention is that a kind of more effective configuration of the come-at-able well of the water surface in whole deep water reservoir scope is provided economically, it can by many in whole reservoir scope platform at interval and that link to each other by many pipelines multiple trepan meeting is provided.
Last purpose of the present invention provides the platform of minimum support water surface completion, the chance that it also provides extra development drilling and carry out maintenance activity on existing well.
For realizing that these and other purposes the invention provides a method and system that carries out the offshore well operation by a compliant platform, it comprises:
A) above a selected well location, arrange an offshore drilling ship;
B) this offshore drilling ship is subjected to the constraint of relative compliant platform;
C) use a standpipe to carry out well operations at described well location from drilling ship, this standpipe extends between drilling ship and a well;
D) between said standpipe and compliant platform, set up contact;
E) after described well operations is finished, remove compliant platform to the constraint of offshore drilling ship and remove offshore drilling ship.
Like this, the inventive method and system allow to be attached to a deep water platform and carry out surperficial come-at-able completion, make platform needn't be changed ratio to adapt to the weight of main drilling well, and the drilling well facility that uses offshore drilling ship to provide, this drilling ship can shift them when the platform place no longer needs these facilities.Should be appreciated that, free constraint between offshore drilling ship and the compliant platform and mean to free and retrain the constraint condition that said drilling ship forms with respect to compliant platform.
Can carry out drilling operation by above-mentioned well casing, well casing at first formed drilling riser and became the production well casing subsequently this moment.
Another program is can carry out drilling operation by a drilling riser, by a production conduit replacement drilling riser, to set up contact between production riser and compliant platform.
In preferred a use of the present invention, implement drilling operation and comprise drilling riser drilling well on the hydrocarbon reservoir at sea by a new well, and wherein, the contact of setting up between standpipe and compliant platform comprises, a production riser is transferred on the compliant platform from offshore drilling ship, and production riser is fixed on the compliant platform, and between the production facility on reservoir and the compliant platform, set up contact.
When implementing drilling operation on many well locations, this method preferably further comprises the steps:
F) again this offshore drilling ship is arranged in another selected well location top, and adds selected well location repeating step (c) to (f) for each.
After finishing drilling operation, be preferably under the situation that does not have offshore drilling ship and produce hydro carbons to described production facility from described reservoir.Like this, when described selected well location no longer needed drilling ship, it can be arranged into another job position again.
Preferably set up the contact between reservoir and the servo-actuated production platform as follows, carry out completion by production riser from offshore drilling ship, water surface christmas tree was set before production riser is transferred to compliant platform thereon, and water surface christmas tree and production facility is coupled together by a flexible conduit.
Arrange that above selected well location offshore drilling ship preferably includes: make the boring tower of drilling ship be arranged in the top of the raised platform around a well that is positioned at compliant platform substantially, basic and the seabed well pattern vertical alignment of this compliant platform, and implement described drill-well operation by a vertical substantially drilling riser.
Another program, above selected well location, arrange comprising of offshore drilling ship:
-make compliant platform remove and select the position of the basic vertical alignment of well location; And
-make the boring tower of offshore drilling ship substantially vertically be positioned at the top of this selected well location, and the constraint that still is subjected to compliant platform during the position of offshore drilling ship makes boring tower remain in this drilling operation position securely.
In addition, the present invention relates to a kind of being used for fixing be placed in the seabed and stretch out the above tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard in sea, it is suitable for laying the strut member of the drilling operation on the offshore drilling ship, and it comprises:
-one base that is fixed in the seabed;
-at least one elongated tendon, the one end is coupled to this base;
-one topside, it comprises a buoyancy shell, this buoyancy shell is coupled to the top of tendon and retrained by it, thus it floats to be lower than its free floating draft; With
-one come-at-able riser support in side that is installed on the described topside.
By below in conjunction with the detailed description of accompanying drawing for optimum implementation of the present invention, can understand the Short Description more than the present invention more fully, and other purposes, feature and advantage.→ wherein:
Fig. 1 is the lateral plan of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, the semi-submerged ship near a tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard (" TLWJ ") is being implemented drilling operation;
Figure 1A is the lateral plan of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, a semi-submerged ship carries out drilling operation above a single leg compliant platform;
Figure 1B is the lateral plan of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, a semi-submerged ship is carrying out drilling operation near a compliant tower;
Fig. 1 C is the lateral plan of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, a semi-submerged ship is carrying out drilling operation near a floating oil production system (" FPS ");
Fig. 1 D is the lateral plan of another embodiment of the present invention, and wherein, a semi-submerged ship carries out completion operation by a boring tower that is installed on the cantilever platform by standpipe, and described standpipe is installed on the tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard;
Fig. 1 E is the semi-submerged ship of Fig. 1 D of analysing and observe along the 1E-1E line of Fig. 1 D and the top view of TLWJ;
Fig. 1 F is the top view of another docking facilities of offshore drilling ship and compliant platform;
Fig. 2 is one and is applicable to the lateral plan of implementing TLWJ of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the top view of the TLWJ of Fig. 2 of analysing and observe along the 3-3 line of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the lateral plan according to the semi-submerged ship near a compliant platform of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A is the front elevation of the semi-submerged ship of Fig. 4 of analysing and observe along the 4A-4A line of Fig. 4;
Fig. 4 B is the lateral plan of another semi-submerged ship embodiment, and wherein, the drilling well facility is installed on the flat-bed bracketed part;
Fig. 5 is the top view according to the semi-submerged ship of one embodiment of this invention, and it has begun to dock operation with a compliant platform;
Fig. 6 is the top view according to the semi-submerged ship of one embodiment of this invention, and it has finished the operation of docking with a compliant platform;
Fig. 7 is the top view according to the semi-submerged ship of one embodiment of this invention, and it butts up against a compliant platform and is in the drilling operation position of a selected well location top;
Fig. 8 is the lateral plan according to the semi-submerged ship of one embodiment of this invention, and it docks with a compliant platform and is also carrying out drilling operation;
Fig. 9 is the lateral plan according to semi-submerged platform of the present invention, and it just is transferred to a compliant platform with a standpipe;
Fig. 9 A is the lateral plan according to another embodiment of semi-submerged ship of the present invention, and it just is transferred to a compliant platform with a standpipe;
Fig. 9 B is the lateral plan according to another embodiment of compliant platform of the present invention, but it has the approaching device in side that is used to install production riser;
Fig. 9 C is the top view of the compliant platform of Fig. 9 B of analysing and observe along the 9C-9C line of Fig. 9 B;
Fig. 9 D is the top view according to another embodiment of compliant platform of the present invention, but this platform has the device of the approaching installation standpipe in side;
Figure 10 produces the lateral plan that standpipe is fixed in compliant platform according to of the present invention one;
Figure 10 A sets up the lateral plan of getting in touch with the facility that is supported by compliant platform according to its production riser of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the lateral plan that is in the tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard in the exploitation pattern according to of the present invention;
Figure 12 is a top view, in order to schematically illustrate the condition of service that extends the hub facility of deep water reservoir prior art for exploitation;
Figure 13 is a top view, in order to the condition of service according to satellite-type TLWJ ' of the present invention schematically to be described;
Figure 14 is the composite curve chart for the economic curve of every well cost of each additional well of a hypothesis deep-water exploration " A "; And
Figure 15 is the composite curve chart for the economic curve of every well cost of each additional well of a hypothesis deep-water exploration " B ".
Fig. 1 is the lateral plan that helps to be formed by the marine reservoir of deep water the drilling operation of hydrocarbon recovery according to of the present invention.Compliant platform 10 butts up against offshore drilling ship 40, is a semi-submerged ship 40A herein.
In illustrated embodiment; a tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard (" TLWJ ") 10A provide compliant platform 10; fender guard 10A has floating topside 12; it is fixed on the base 14 with many tendons or tension leg 16; tension leg 16 tractives the buoyancy shell 20 of topside 12, make it be lower than its free floating draft on sea 22.Shell 20 is supporting a platform 24 that is loaded with production facility 26.
Shown in semi-submerged ship 40A carry out drilling operation by boring tower and corresponding drilling well facility 42, boring tower and drilling well facility 42 are supported on the platform 48, and platform 48 is supported by floating drum, pillar or other buoyancy elements 50 successively.The boring tower of semi-submerged ship is disposed in the top of a well location 44, is well location 44A herein, and its layout can use a stretched wire mooring system 52 or dynamicpositioning thruster 54 to carry out, and carries out drilling operation by drilling riser 46.TLWJ 10A is supported on the production riser 28 that water surface completion valve module more than the sea or christmas tree 30 are supported drilled well in advance by it.
Various compliant platform can both be applicable to the present invention, and Figure 1A to 1E has shown the example of the broadness of importances more of the present invention.
Figure 1A discloses another embodiment of the present invention, the desk-top semi-submerged ship 40A of one centerwell is set at the top of a single leg structure compliant platform 10, and platform 10 is that the form with one-mast support TLWJ or " monopod platform " 10B is installed in by one or more tendons 16 and is coupled to the seabed.Offshore drilling ship 40 is semi-submerged ship 40A, and its structure is to ride on the set monopod platform.By constrained system 60, be that one group of guy wire 60B makes the relative semi-submerged ship fix in position of monopod platform at this.But, carry out drilling operation in this position by the drilling riser that supports by semi-submerged ship substantially.After finishing drilling operation, produce standpipe 28 with one and replace drilling riser, in this preferred version, standpipe 28 is fixed in monopod platform before completion operation.In Figure 1A, a boring tower is arranged on the semi-submerged ship of setting, this boring tower 42 is located immediately at the top of production riser, will carry out completion operation by this standpipe.By the production riser 29 that monopod platform 10B supports a finishing drilling formerly and the well of finishing have been described with another.The monopod platform structure can be selected any less and be enough to be suitable for be contained in the structure of the lower case assembly inboard of semi-submerged ship.
Figure 1B is used to implement another embodiment of the present invention, wherein, provides compliant platform 10 by flexible tower 10C, and the drilling well by offshore drilling ship 40 helps this flexibility tower 10C.
Fig. 1 C is another embodiment of the present invention, wherein, by a constrained system 60 offshore drilling ship 40 is coupled to a Floating Production System 10D, and the 10D of this system has its oneself position fixing system, and this position fixing system has the chain of being anchor line 52.In this embodiment, Floating Production System is such location, and the promptly feasible offshore drilling ship that is coupled to it will be brought to above the position of a selected well location 44A carries out drilling operation.
Fig. 1 D and 1E have illustrated the use of the platform-type semi-submerged ship in cantilever end, so design semi-submerged ship and can make boring tower reach extremely position near compliant platform, and carry out drilling operation by the drilling riser that is supported by ship.This arrangement form of cantilever platform 48 can be located boring tower and corresponding drilling well facility 42, thereby allows drilling well under the situation of small-sized or immovable compliant platform 10.Finish after the drilling operation, replace drilling riser with production riser, described production riser preferably is coupled to the compliant platform that is used for completion operation by the drilling well facility of semi-submerged ship with it.
For compliant platform 10 constraint offshore drilling ships like this, make it to be in such position, promptly make drilling well facility 42 align with the outside of the raised platform around a well waterborne of compliant platform 10 substantially.Above-mentioned alignment also makes drilling well facility and the basic vertical alignment of well pattern that is positioned at the seabed, and it aligns with this well pattern when compliant platform is retained in its normal position.Semi-submerged ship 40A is installed in the well operations that drilling well facility on the cantilever platform 48 is used for compliant platform 10 by it.Standpipe 28 on the well slot of the raised platform around a well by being fixed on compliant platform carries out well operations.When hope is supported heavier drilling riser by offshore drilling ship, be used for realizing that a preferred embodiment of the present invention supports lighter standpipe in the well operations process by compliant platform.Comparison diagram 1D and Fig. 1 as can be known, the person in charge 28 of Fig. 1 D is fixed in riser support 118, and provides standpipe to support at the raised platform around a well place of compliant platform by offshore drilling ship 40 among Fig. 1.Therefore in both cases, because the aided drilling facility approaches the raised platform around a well of compliant platform, simplified and be used for person in charge's processing operation of shifting from the standpipe tensioning that offshore drilling ship 40 carries out.
If have the sign that tempest arrives, in drilling operation, also be convenient to the rapid movement of offshore drilling ship by the compliant platform Supporting vertical tube.Like this, unclamp drill string, discharge the constrained system between compliant platform and the offshore drilling ship, and because hurricane will arrive drilling ship is spurred, removes and be fixed in the position of a safety, and standpipe still is fixed in compliant platform.In addition, the benefit of Supporting vertical tube can be extended heavier standpipe by the standpipe that the band buoyancy module is provided in the well operations process, for example, is used for main drilling well.
Can well operations be transferred to next well location that is arranged in well pattern from a well location with various systems.For example, the well location that is positioned at TLWJ10A one side can be got at continuously by the sliding type boring tower 42 that is contained on the guide rail 49 that crosses cantilever platform 48.Ballace in the mobile semi-submerged ship is with the redistribution of the load on the compensation offshore drilling ship platform.
Another kind method is that design constraint system so promptly can regulate the relative position between whole offshore drilling ship and the compliant platform.Like this, can regulate the anchor line 60B among Figure 1A, offshore drilling ship 40 is reorientated.Equally, the docking facilities 60A among Fig. 1 F is convenient to relatively moving between offshore drilling ship 40 and the compliant platform 10 equally.In this embodiment, butt joint strut member 90 has a plurality of sockets 91 that are used to lay abutment element 96 and 98.Discharge abutment element, and make offshore drilling ship re-position at next the selected well location 44 that is used for well operations along well pattern 80 with following a pair of socket 91.
Implement the present invention from a compliant platform is set." servo-actuated " platform is that any kind of has the marine plane of following design-calculated facility.Be that it can " be adapted to " environmental load with controlled form, and be not to bear above-mentioned load rigidly.This basic design scheme is different from fixed type or rigid bottom basis tower, and it needs a large amount of being used for to extend into the structural materials of deep water.Proposed the compliant platform of many basic structures, having comprised: hinged tower, flexible tower, flexible pile formula tower, tension leg platform (TLP) formula or the like, in above Fig. 1 series example illustrated of having discussed.But any basic structure with following function can both be used to implement the present invention, i.e. load reduction can significantly reduce its cost and be suitable for comprising a raised platform around a well, and this raised platform around a well can be approaching from the side to lay production riser.Fig. 2 to 11 has illustrated and has used a tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard (" TLWJ ") to implement situation of the present invention.But the those skilled in the art that know this technology can use it for any other basic compliant platform structure.
Fig. 2 and 3 shows one and is specially adapted to implement tension leg platform of the present invention (TLP) structure.This compliant platform is a kind of tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard (" TLWJ ") 10A, and it comprises the TLP of a minimum, and it does not have drilling capacity, and has the well workover ability of appropriateness at the most.TLWJ is designed to be suitable from the outside and accepts and fixing production riser (not shown herein) from offshore drilling ship.Fig. 2 is the lateral plan of this TLWJ, and Fig. 3 is a top view.It is identical with the TLWJ that is in the drilling operation course shown in Fig. 1 that these accompanying drawings show.
Begin to install TLWJ10A from base 14 is set, be that whole chassis 14A is set herein.Subsequently base is fixed in seabed 18.In this example, the pile protection 72 by base with many stakes 70 squeeze into the seabed and subsequently by grouting or or the upset operation pile protection is fixed in stake.Also can use other known devices that base is anchored in the seabed.Base has the device 74 that is used to connect tendon 16, and can comprise the well guide rod 76 that is positioned at well location 44 places near base.In this example, place the well guide rod separately and it is not coupled to the chassis.In some cases, may wish some well of preboring.
The topside 12 that comprises buoyancy shell 20 and platform 24 is pulled the location and is suppressed downwards.Be used for tendon being coupled to the device 74 of base and be used for tendon 16 is coupled to tendon 16 is installed between the device 78 of floating topside 12.In installation process, tendon is tightened up at first, and it will further strain tendon after the suppression of releasing buoyancy shell 20, so that provide other surplus buoyancy to TLWJ, this is that the desirable state of formation is necessary under full load conditions.
As shown in Figure 3, desirable well location 44 is arranged in a straight line, and promptly is positioned near on the well line 80 of TLWJ10A.Below discussion is convenient to accept from the side and fix the device that shifts the production riser that comes from offshore drilling ship.Shown in another feature of TLWJ be many butt joint strut members 90, discussing shown in Fig. 5 and 6 in the corresponding process, its purpose and effect will become more obvious.
Fig. 4 shows the configuring condition near the offshore drilling ship 40 of mounted TLWJ10A.This offshore drilling ship is a kind of floating structure, and it is loaded with boring tower, winch, and corresponding drilling well is provided with 42.In addition, term " offshore drilling ship " pipe comprises any packaged type floating mode facility that can support well operations (for example drilling well, completion, well workover, well servicing or abandoned well).These facilities preferably are the open type design basically, because this design is comparatively stable in deepwater drilling uses.On behalf of the utmost point, semi-submerged ship be suitable for a class ship of above-mentioned use, and with it performance of the present invention is described prevailingly always.
Semi-submerged ship 40A among Fig. 4 is movable, can make its motion by stretched wire anchor line 52 or dynamicpositioning thruster 54.Concerning this embodiment, arrange and anchoring stretched wire anchor line around semi-submerged ship with the form of scattering, make the position consistency of itself and TLWJ.Subsequently, by loosening and tightening up selected stretched wire anchor line 52, can move semi-submerged ship 40A with respect to TLWJ.
Fig. 4 A shows a kind of modified version of habitual semi-submerged ship, so that implement the present invention.The figure illustrates the end of Fig. 4 semi-submerged ship 40A, it will be near this TLWJ.By removing the horizontal strut that is placed in usually between the floating drum, and for example strengthen remaining structure, some habitual semi-submerged ship structure " is upwards opened ", so that provide side below the semi-submerged ship near chance with inclined support bar 94.If desired, also can optionally remove its horizontal strut from this device for ease of the standpipe transfer tasks, in transfer process and probably in drilling operation course, it still can stably be on its Ying Chu position.
Another remodeling of being convenient to most to implement habitual semi-submerged ship essential to the invention is that constrained system 60 is set, and in this embodiment, it is provided by docking facilities 60A, and device 60A comprises hinge formula interface frame, mating frame 96 and hinge formula butt joint post 98.
Fig. 4 B shows the another remodeling that is used to implement habitual semi-submerged ship of the present invention.The semi-submerged ship of a specific purpose has a cantilever-type platform, and this platform has an end raised platform around a well, and boring tower and corresponding drilling well facility are housed on the raised platform around a well, and this will allow this ship to dock and drilling operation as Fig. 1 D and E generality illustrate.This cantilever platform will make and might carry out drilling operation at the raised platform around a well place of compliant platform.Peripheral raised platform around a well is suitable for the present invention most, but its center raised platform around a well also is useful for a suitable offshore drilling ship.
Fig. 5 shows the initial conditions of docking operation between semi-submerged ship 40A and the TLWJ10A.Regulate stretched wire anchor line 52 and make the interface frame, mating frame element 96 that has put down, and for example it is associated in together by a pin near the butt joint strut member 90A on the TLWJ.Like this, interface frame, mating frame is fixed in TLWJ to semi-submerged ship, forms constraint on two degree of freedom.
Further regulate the stretched wire anchor line rotating semi-submerged ship 40A, and the butt joint pillar 98 that has put down is entered and dock the position that strut member 90B connects.Referring to Fig. 6.A same available pin or a multiaxis rotate this connection that is connected and fixed, and this connection provides the constraint of one degree of freedom.This will be fixed in offshore drilling ship 40 compliant platform 10 fully, makes wave action will not cause collision between the two.
Butt joint also is convenient to move TLWJ10A with the position fixing system that is loaded on the semi-submerged ship 40A.Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 can be found out this, the TLWJ centre between the well line 80 of TLWJ periphery normally among Fig. 6, and adjusted stretched wire anchor line 52 makes TLWJ depart from its normal position among Fig. 7, and makes boring tower and corresponding drilling well facility 42 align with a selected well location 44A.The semi-submerged ship of Fig. 7 is the position that begins drilling wells or drilling operation like that by drilling riser 46 that is in as further illustrated in Figure 8.Preferably carry out drilling operation, and the performance that compliant platform 10 can depart from present position normal with it positions aligning (being positioned at a selected well location top for making boring tower) slightly can significantly increase drilling efficiency and reduce equipment attrition with vertical substantially drilling riser pipe.Be arranged at TLWJ under the situation of correct position, described performance allows to carry out continuous drilling operation, thereby and as long as firm completion had both made the drilling well plan still also can drop into exploitation production when continuing.
Figure 1B and 1C show another embodiment of compliant platform, and its compliant platform is provided by flexible tower 10C and Floating Production System 10D respectively.Also can be the opposite sense that Floating Production System stretched wire anchor line 52 uses among Fig. 1 C, make offshore drilling ship 40 substantially vertically be positioned at a selected well location 44A top to regulate this Floating Production System.
Another program is, TLWJ can be by its oneself thruster or side anchoring system as constrained system 60, with the docking facilities 60A that replaces recommending at present.In one embodiment of back, the constrained system of TLWJ makes it be enough to separate offshore drilling ship tractive and fixing TLWJ, so that implement drilling operation near the base of TLWJ, and not have the danger of colliding, and both are docked.
Finish after the drilling operation, replace drilling riser 46 with a lighter production riser 28, and use the drilling well facility on the offshore drilling ship 40 to carry out completion by production riser.Referring to Fig. 9.Another program is, can be used as production riser as the same standpipe of drilling riser.In completion with after water surface completion system or christmas tree 30 are set.Interim buoyancy module 110 is installed around production riser, and production riser is transferred to or transfers on the compliant platform 10, be TLWJ10A herein.
Fig. 9 and 9A show the other method that shifts production riser.In Fig. 9, use guy wire 112 to move production riser 28 to the TLWJ10A place, arrow 114 shows above-mentioned shift direction.And Fig. 9 A shows when regulating stretched wire anchor line 52 and TLWJ10A is entered lay the position of basicly stable production riser 28, has used interim buoyancy module 110 natural rectification abilities, so that production riser 28 keeps the method for suitable position.Should note arrow 114A.The method that preferably is used at present to carry out above-mentioned transfer is the combination of Fig. 9 and 9A two embodiments.
But the main aspect that production riser shifts is a compliant platform must be designed to the side and accept production riser.Fig. 9 B, 9C and 9D show other embodiments of the topside 12 of tension leg platform.Fig. 9 B and 9C show an embodiment, and its H-shape topside and high platform allow to place production riser 28 below platform 24, compare with the embodiment that the periphery of Fig. 9 and 9A is placed, and standpipe is in safer position.Fig. 9 D shows a kind of " key hole " shape platform, and the production riser that it can make the side shift equally is fixed in the perch place of compliant platform.
When production riser is fixed in compliant platform, can unload floating installation or buoyancy module 110 from production riser 28.Another kind of scheme is, buoyancy module 110 can be stayed on the standpipe 28, with the water accident protective device as standpipe, for example prevents traffic canoe or unsteady fragment damage standpipe.It also will obviously help the vertical support of standpipe, thereby this also will further reduce the required displacement of TLWJ.Referring to Figure 10.
Figure 10 A has shown the step of setting up contact between the production riser of water surface completion and the facility on the compliant platform.
The production riser that is transferred preferably is fixed in TLWJ10A by dynamic tensioning device 118.Referring to Figure 10.The effect of dynamic tensioning device is: although compliant platform 10 owing to the effect campaign of extraneous power, it keeps substantially invariable tension force on production riser 28.The dynamic tensioning device of many types is suitable for, and comprising: compressed-air controlled, hydraulic pressure, elastomeric, or its combination.In some cases, for example standpipe is the same with tendon long, may not need the dynamic tensioning device.Dynamic tension device shown in Figure 10 is suitable for installing the production riser that shift the side most.It comprises the lever or the rocking arm 120 that are coupled to TLWJ10A by rotating shaft 122.Afford redress power and be connected in an end of throw of lever 120 of reservoir pressure elastic body pillar 124, and production riser is connected in the other end with rocking arm 120 that supporting pivot connects.In a preferred embodiment, between the water surface completion that is fixed in production riser 28 tops or christmas tree 30 and facility 26, set up contact with flexible conduit 32.Conduit 32 will be fed to treatment facility 26 from the generation liquid of producing standpipe 28.Treatment facility can simply be to be used for collecting being assigned to the manifold of an export riser from the output liquid of many wells and with them, perhaps also can comprise: be used for isolating the separation equipment of liquid product, or various to be used for the preform of output liquid be the disposal system of being more convenient for transporting from the gas that produces.
Another selection scheme shown in Figure 10 A is: use christmas tree extendible portion 126, under the situation of a kind of low christmas tree 30 of installing that is used for transfer tasks of semi-submerged ship structural requirement, it can raise flexible conduit 32 makes it be higher than the wave zone on contiguous sea 22.
Figure 11 shows the TLWJ10A that is in the exploitation pattern, wherein, TLWJ10A supports many production risers 28 by dynamic tensioning device 118, and the output liquid in the well is transported to facility 26 by production riser and flexible conduit 32, and facility 26 is used for mixing and/or handling output liquid before the transportation facilities that by catenary suspension type continuous vulcanization export riser 128 it is exported to as the marineline (not shown).
Figure 12 and 13 has shown enforcement hidden advantages more of the present invention.Figure 12 is the scheme drawing that for example uses the deep water reservoir 130 of habitual development approach exploitation by a central TLP132.For reach reservoir than distal part, extend the drilling operation reach from TLP and must level stretch out bigger distance.By the completed well of dotted line 134 expressions.The well pattern shown in setting up once bungs down when boring these wells, for need spend years perhaps.Must postpone the well of exploitation after leaning on-till they can be reached.In addition, big level reaches the completion of having postponed each well, and this is because in fact all need to be lowered to long underground utilities for each well during case in well, will postpone the income of drilling well like this.Support the drilling operation very large zone likely of necessary bigger TLP structural requirement and a large amount of wells, proving its economic attractiveness, and after completion, TLP will support an idle rig basically between the remaining producing life.
And Figure 13 shows same deep water reservoir 130, and wherein, satellite-type TLWJ10A combines with a tension leg production facility 138, and they can be more fast, more fully and develop reservoir 130 more economically.Figure 12 is originally identical with total well base shown in 13, and is positioned at same general position.But, in Figure 13, extend the drilling well amount that reaches, and only use the simplest technology the hydro carbons of output to be transported to treatment facility 138 by pipeline 136 owing to having used satellite-type TLWJ10A to reduce to collecting output liquid effectively.It oneself can have the raised platform around a well of laying in the outside TLP of production facility 138, and it can support the additional well 134 that is bored by outside plant.In this example, three independent semi-submerged ships can be implemented drilling operation simultaneously, so that significantly shorten the deadline.In addition, this system can provide following chance: when boring additional well, can obtain to take in from completed well.Minimum tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard and in the process facility that needn't support on the central TLP of drill outfit is compared with centre TLP among the prior art that drilling well is provided by TLP, and its construction cost is lower.In addition, finish after the drilling well, semi-submerged ship can carry out useful service at elsewhere before remedial work needs.Like this, the present invention has reduced the capital expenditure total value, has accelerated cash flow, has increased investment recovery speed, and has avoided being accompanied by the investment cost waste that the full performance rig formation that is exclusively used in remedial work is provided.
Figure 14 and 15 has further proved by implementing the economic benefit that the present invention produced.Figure 14 is the combined curve of one group of hypothesis exploration " A ".In the drawings, comprise the habitual TLP exploitation (line 142) of special drilling machine and the average cost of developing according to TLWJ of the present invention of every well (dollar number) function as the well number " n " in the exploitation.Also drawn the present amount of income of n well, it is by line 146 expressions.
The income that the present amount of income is the increase of step function-additional well reduces with the capacity that the well number approaches reservoir.The expense that every well is finished drilling well is included in habitual TLP and the TLWJ development cost curve comprehensively, the contrast but it makes some difference slightly, this is because of special drilling machine being installed or it is constant relatively using its expense of semi-submerged ship according to the present invention no matter be according to prior art on TLP.
Exploration A is an exploration area very likely, it can support one main, habitual TLP configuration.The development cost (being line 142) that increase progressively of habitual TLP configuration intersect with the line (line 146) of determining the present amount of income of every well at an A place, and it forms a present net earnings value of being represented by area B.In other words, this profit value be all the gross income of the development well well that deducts total development cost-developed number in the expense of each well at intersection point time place.
Intersect at the line 146 of a C place and the present amount of income of every well and implement the development cost that TLWJ of the present invention increases progressively, and the additional revenue opportunity of being represented by area D is provided, the present gross income of every well equals B and adds D.
Although Figure 14 has shown a tangible advantage, when implementing to have the exploration " B " of less exploration prospect as shown in figure 15, Figure 15 shows can obtainable more far-reaching interests by implementing the present invention.The mixed economy curve is marked and drawed development cost and possible income (the dollar numerical table with every well shows) once more, and it is as the function of the development well of next increase.The development cost of main, a special-purpose rig TLP increase still development cost with the increase of implementing the tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard that the present invention disposed are identical.But, the character of exploration appreciable impact the present amount of income of obtainable every well.Herein, the economic development that has the TLP of special-purpose drilling well facility is determined that by an A point A defines less profit district B.But when disposing TLWJ according to the present invention, the expense of increase that is used for additional well development is along with the determining an of C, with determine to increase greatly profit-it has increased the area D of the present amount of income.It should be noted that above-mentioned profit can not be utilized economically by the main TLP with special-purpose drilling well facility.Like this, for identical exploration, conventional techniques provides present amount of income B, and the present amount of income provided by the invention to be B add D, thereby for the edge exploration, its income is the manyfold that may make a profit with additive method.This also proves: enforcement of the present invention can be used for exploratory development economically, and those can not be by the area of prior art exploitation.
Use other benefits a plurality of, compliant platform that disperse, minimum to comprise: to reduce drilling well and separated the danger that has an accident with production operation, also reduced a degree that accident may reach.In addition, can expect, implement the present invention and use minimum compliant platform can expand the quantity of accessible suitable camp site significantly, and can the attenuating expense for the competitive power of construction contract because increased.
The modification of the come-at-able completion method of the water surface that a large amount of close compliant platforms carries out is disclosed, the operation of promptly using the improvised installation of offshore vessel to be drilled to or to finish, this facility is transferred to completion method on the compliant platform with production riser subsequently.But above-mentioned disclosed content also is tending towards comprising other modification, variation and substitutes.In addition, in some cases, will use some feature of the present invention and other features that not corresponding use is described at these preferred embodiments.Therefore, appendedly define scope of the present invention with the corresponding to claims of spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (15)
1, a kind of method of carrying out the offshore well operation by means of a compliant platform comprises:
A) above a selected well location, arrange an offshore drilling ship;
B) retrain this offshore drilling ship with respect to compliant platform;
C) use a standpipe to carry out drilling operation at described well location from drilling ship, this standpipe extends between drilling ship and a well;
D) between described standpipe and compliant platform, set up contact;
E) after described drilling operation is finished, remove the constraint between compliant platform and the offshore drilling ship, and remove offshore drilling ship.
2, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, arrange that above a selected well location step of offshore drilling ship comprises: make the boring tower of drilling ship be positioned at the top of a raised platform around a well of compliant platform substantially, this compliant platform and the basic vertical alignment of a seabed well pattern, and carry out described drilling operation by a basic vertical drilling riser.
3, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, arranges that the step of the boring tower of offshore drilling ship comprises: the boring tower of offshore drilling ship is arranged on the cantilever platform of described drilling ship.
4, method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the boring tower of offshore drilling ship is arranged in the step that is positioned at the compliant platform top substantially comprises: the top that the desk-top semi-submerged ship of a centerwell is arranged in a single leg structure compliant platform.
5, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, arranges that the step of offshore drilling ship comprises above a selected well location:
-make compliant platform remove and select the position of the basic vertical alignment of well location; And
-make the boring tower of offshore drilling ship substantially vertically be positioned at the top of this selected well location, and still retrain the position of offshore drilling ship with respect to compliant platform, thus make boring tower be firmly fixed at the position of this drilling operation.
6, the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that, the enforcement drilling operation comprises: by drilling riser drilling well on a marine hydrocarbon reservoir of a new well, and wherein, the step of setting up contact between described standpipe and compliant platform comprises: produce standpipe from offshore drilling ship with one and transfer to compliant platform, production riser is fixed in compliant platform, and between the production facility on reservoir and the compliant platform, sets up contact.
7, method as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, it further comprises: do not having to produce hydro carbons from described reservoir to described production facility under the condition of drilling ship.
8, the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, it further comprises step: f) this offshore drilling ship is arranged in another selected well location top again, and adds selected well location repeating step (c) to (f) for each.
As the described method of arbitrary claim among the claim 6-8, it is characterized in that 9, the step of setting up contact between the facility on reservoir and the compliant platform comprises:
From the offshore drilling ship completion, and before production riser is transferred to compliant platform, a water surface christmas tree is installed thereon by production riser; With
By a flexible conduit water surface christmas tree is coupled to production facility.
10, as the described method of arbitrary claim among the claim 6-9, it is characterized in that described production riser forms described drilling riser.
11, as the described method of arbitrary claim among the claim 1-10; it is characterized in that; described compliant platform constitutes by one in following one group: a kind of tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard, a kind of flexible tower, a kind of compliant platform of single leg structure and a kind of Floating Production System.
12, as the described method of arbitrary claim among the claim 6-11, it is characterized in that described compliant platform is provided with come-at-able raised platform around a well, be used for the side and settle production riser.
13, a kind of tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard is used for fixing and is placed in the seabed and reaches more than the sea, and it is suitable for accepting the strut member of the drilling operation of offshore drilling ship, and it comprises:
-one base that is fixed in the seabed;
-at least one elongated tendon, the one end is coupled to this base.
-one topside, it comprises a buoyancy shell, this buoyancy shell is coupled to the top of tendon and by its constraint, thus it floats to be lower than its free floating draft; With
-one come-at-able riser support in side that is installed on the described topside.
14, tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that it further comprises:
-at least one is contained in the abutment element on the described topside, is used to connect offshore drilling ship, thereby can implementing drilling operation near tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guard place by offshore drilling ship.
15, as claim 13 or 14 described tension leg water surface christmas tree fender guards, it is characterized in that topside comprises an one-mast support monopod platform.
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US62486490A | 1990-12-10 | 1990-12-10 | |
| US62486790A | 1990-12-10 | 1990-12-10 | |
| US62486690A | 1990-12-10 | 1990-12-10 | |
| US62484290A | 1990-12-10 | 1990-12-10 | |
| US624,866 | 1990-12-10 | ||
| US624,864 | 1990-12-10 | ||
| US624,842 | 1990-12-10 | ||
| US624,867 | 1990-12-10 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1063082A true CN1063082A (en) | 1992-07-29 |
| CN1031335C CN1031335C (en) | 1996-03-20 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN91112755A Expired - Fee Related CN1031335C (en) | 1990-12-10 | 1991-12-09 | Method and system for conducting offshore well operations |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH04285288A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1031335C (en) |
| AR (1) | AR248436A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU643338B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9105307A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2250767A (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1250875B (en) |
| MX (1) | MX9102450A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO310767B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ240667A (en) |
| OA (1) | OA09409A (en) |
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| CN1065944C (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-05-16 | 中国海洋石油渤海公司勘探部 | Elongated logging and early trial production system for marine petroleum exploration |
| CN1065943C (en) * | 1998-09-09 | 2001-05-16 | 中国海洋石油渤海公司勘探部 | Method and facilities for drilling well, logging and early trial production at same time |
| CN1973093B (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2011-05-25 | 海马设备股份有限公司 | Top tensioned riser |
| CN102438890A (en) * | 2009-11-08 | 2012-05-02 | Ssp技术股份有限公司 | Offshore buoyant drilling, production, storage and offloading structure |
| CN103237727A (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2013-08-07 | 霍顿-维森深水公司 | Tension buoyant tower |
| CN103328756A (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2013-09-25 | 雪佛龙美国公司 | Method, system and apparatus for deployment of umbilicals in subsea well operations |
| CN103518031A (en) * | 2011-05-13 | 2014-01-15 | 阿克Mh股份有限公司 | A restraining device for a tensioner assembly |
| CN103643925A (en) * | 2006-11-07 | 2014-03-19 | 哈利伯顿能源服务公司 | Method performing pressure measurement on water-isolating pipe |
| CN105899750A (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2016-08-24 | 艾尼股份公司 | Process for constructing a well for exploiting a reservoir under a sea-bed or ocean-bed |
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| NZ240667A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1993-06-25 | Shell Int Research | Offshore oil drilling from drilling vessel in support of a compliant platform |
| US5381865A (en) * | 1990-12-13 | 1995-01-17 | Blandford; Joseph W. | Method and apparatus for production of subsea hydrocarbon formations |
| GB9224776D0 (en) * | 1992-11-26 | 1993-01-13 | Kvaerner Earl & Wright | Improved tension leg platform |
| US5439321A (en) * | 1993-03-11 | 1995-08-08 | Conoco Inc. | Interruptive mobile production system |
| GB9511541D0 (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1995-08-02 | Kvaerner Earl & Wright | Buoyant Platform |
| GB0712226D0 (en) * | 2007-06-25 | 2007-08-01 | Enovate Systems Ltd | Improved Well Intervention System |
| AU2012324909B2 (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2017-02-02 | Totalenergies Onetech | A floating offshore facility and a method for drilling a well |
| JP7098336B2 (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2022-07-11 | 千代田化工建設株式会社 | Mooring system and manufacturing method of mooring system |
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| US3727414A (en) * | 1971-06-28 | 1973-04-17 | Bowden Drilling Services Ltd | Off shore drilling platform construction |
| GB8329286D0 (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1983-12-07 | Copson G C | Offshore oil production method |
| NZ240667A (en) * | 1990-12-10 | 1993-06-25 | Shell Int Research | Offshore oil drilling from drilling vessel in support of a compliant platform |
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- 1991-11-20 NZ NZ240667A patent/NZ240667A/en unknown
- 1991-11-22 AU AU88059/91A patent/AU643338B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-12-06 AR AR91321330A patent/AR248436A1/en active
- 1991-12-06 GB GB9125990A patent/GB2250767A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-12-09 IT ITTO910953A patent/IT1250875B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-12-09 CN CN91112755A patent/CN1031335C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-12-09 OA OA60107A patent/OA09409A/en unknown
- 1991-12-09 NO NO19914832A patent/NO310767B1/en unknown
- 1991-12-09 MX MX9102450A patent/MX9102450A/en unknown
- 1991-12-10 JP JP3326102A patent/JPH04285288A/en active Pending
- 1991-12-10 BR BR919105307A patent/BR9105307A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
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| CN106741687B (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2018-09-04 | 大连理工大学 | It is a kind of to produce conveying riser systems and its installation method from tension type under water |
| CN111491857A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2020-08-04 | 伊特里克公司 | Vessel and method for performing subsea wellbore related activities |
| CN110905412A (en) * | 2019-11-13 | 2020-03-24 | 韦玉健 | Pit digging device for offshore wind power generation and use method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ITTO910953A0 (en) | 1991-12-09 |
| IT1250875B (en) | 1995-04-21 |
| JPH04285288A (en) | 1992-10-09 |
| GB2250767A (en) | 1992-06-17 |
| GB9125990D0 (en) | 1992-02-05 |
| ITTO910953A1 (en) | 1993-06-09 |
| OA09409A (en) | 1992-09-15 |
| MX9102450A (en) | 1992-06-01 |
| NO914832L (en) | 1992-06-11 |
| AU8805991A (en) | 1992-06-11 |
| NO914832D0 (en) | 1991-12-09 |
| AR248436A1 (en) | 1995-08-18 |
| AU643338B2 (en) | 1993-11-11 |
| NZ240667A (en) | 1993-06-25 |
| NO310767B1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
| BR9105307A (en) | 1992-08-18 |
| CN1031335C (en) | 1996-03-20 |
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