CN106303228B - A kind of rendering method and system of focus type light-field camera - Google Patents
A kind of rendering method and system of focus type light-field camera Download PDFInfo
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- CN106303228B CN106303228B CN201610632949.2A CN201610632949A CN106303228B CN 106303228 B CN106303228 B CN 106303228B CN 201610632949 A CN201610632949 A CN 201610632949A CN 106303228 B CN106303228 B CN 106303228B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/60—Control of cameras or camera modules
- H04N23/67—Focus control based on electronic image sensor signals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
- H04N23/957—Light-field or plenoptic cameras or camera modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/95—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems
- H04N23/958—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems for extended depth of field imaging
- H04N23/959—Computational photography systems, e.g. light-field imaging systems for extended depth of field imaging by adjusting depth of field during image capture, e.g. maximising or setting range based on scene characteristics
Abstract
The invention discloses the rendering methods and system of a kind of focus type light-field camera, this method comprises: the picture of S1. input focus type light-field camera shooting, records location information and the center of each lenticule and sub-aperture figure；S2. the flat image of refocusing as needed calculates its depth of field, and the size of radius R is determined according to the depth of field；S3. in the center of each sub-aperture figure, taking a radius is the regular hexagon region unit of R；S4. by regular hexagon region unit, merge to obtain merging figure by the sequence tiling of sub-aperture figure；S4. merging figure is handled, obtains final rendering figure.This method can effectively reduce the calculation amount of the rendering method of focus type light-field camera by taking the region unit of regular hexagon, in render process, need not move through the transformation of coordinate system to lenticule sub-aperture figure using the hexagonal array characteristic of microlens array.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Rendering field of light-field camera, in particular to a kind of rendering method for focusing light-field camera and
System.
Background technique
Light-field camera is a kind of device that can record radiation direction and location information, compared with traditional camera, in structure
More microlens arrays, are optical field imaging using the process that this device obtains image.Optical field imaging is as imaging technique
In a new direction, it may be implemented after shooting without mechanical focusing, but calculate realization refocusing by image procossing,
And 3D is rebuild and multiple target point focuses etc. may be implemented, it is very big that these features have it will in following life
Development space.
Light-field camera can capture space (or position) and direction (or angle) information of scene, i.e. the four of light field simultaneously
Tie up information.In this way, the light field being recorded after single exposure can be focused at an arbitrary position using software, that is, gather again
It is burnt.First generation hand-held light-field camera occurred in 2005, but the final image resolution ratio that this device obtains is by lenticule
Number influences, and maximum space resolution ratio is its lenticule number, limits the development of conventional light field camera.To improve image point
Resolution proposes second generation light-field camera, also known as focus type light-field camera.The main distinction of the second generation and the first generation is micro-
The spacing of lens array and imaging sensor is adjustable, thus can make micro lens in the image planes of main lens, rather than main
On lens plane.This device can make have a good trade-off relationship between image spatial resolution and directional resolution, together
When the spatial resolution of image can be improved, make image seem to be more clear.
An essential step is the processing of later image in light-field camera, generally uses light field Rendering.Light field phase
Machine Rendering refers to a kind of implementation method of acquisition and the reproduction of the scene based on graphics rendering techniques, later rendering processing
Quality directly affects the final imaging quality of image.Intermediate one is chosen from each lenticule sub-aperture image of original image
The image that a region unit obtains as renders the process of processing.The size of region unit and the depth of scene are related, can be taking human as true
It is fixed, it can also be determined by its depth information, different sizes is used in different scenes.
In traditional rendering method, the shape that region unit is taken is square, and the lenticule of focus type light-field camera
Array generallys use the arrangement mode of regular hexagon, therefore in render process, it needs to first pass through a regular hexagon coordinate system and arrives
The conversion of orthogonal coordinate system, rendering method it is computationally intensive, influence rendering rate.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, can be kept away the present invention provides the rendering method and system of a kind of focus type light-field camera
The conversion for exempting from coordinate system reduces the calculation amount of rendering method.
The present invention provides a kind of rendering method of focus type light-field camera, and this method comprises the following steps: S1. input focus
The picture of type light-field camera shooting, records location information and the center of each lenticule and sub-aperture figure；S2. as needed
The flat image of refocusing calculates its depth of field, and the size of radius R is determined according to the depth of field；S3. at the center of each sub-aperture figure
Position, taking a radius is the regular hexagon region unit of R；S4. it by regular hexagon region unit, tiles and closes by the sequence of sub-aperture figure
And figure must be merged；S5. merging figure is handled, obtains final rendering figure.
Preferably, it when the step S2 needs the flat image of refocusing to be single, is chosen at the different depth of field identical
The depth of field of radius R, the reunion image focal plane artificially determine.
Preferably, it when the step S2 needs the flat image of refocusing to be whole plane, is chosen at the different depth of field different
Radius R, the depth of field of each flat image is calculated according to the method for estimation of Depth, then by the relation table of depth value and R
Search the size for determining R.
Preferably, it when the step S2 needs the flat image of refocusing to be single, is chosen at the different depth of field identical
The depth of radius R, the reunion image focal plane are calculated according to the method for estimation of Depth, then pass through the relationship of depth value and R
The size for determining R is searched in table.
Preferably, the regular hexagon of the step S3 is longitudinal regular hexagon.
The direction of regular hexagon is adjusted according to lenticule arrangement mode.If lenticule arrangement mode is laterally, then just
The direction of hexagon is longitudinal；If lenticule arrangement mode is longitudinal direction, then the direction of regular hexagon is laterally.
Preferably, the edge pixel of the regular hexagon region unit of step S4 passes through the method progress integer to round up.
Preferably, step S5 is to the processing to figure is merged are as follows: takes out maximum rectangular block, gives up extra corner letter
Breath.
Preferably, processing of the step S5 to figure is merged are as follows: to each pixel merged in figure in hexagonal area block, to it
The value that pixel is separated by (μ-R) in original image, which is averaging to obtain, outputs image to fixed some pixel values, and wherein μ is micro-
The size of mirror；Again to figure taking-up maximum rectangular block is merged, give up extra corner information.Further preferably, to it
It is as follows to be separated by the expression formula that the value at (μ-R) is averaging for pixel in original image:
Wherein, fi(x)=pi+q′
μ=R (a/b)
I=0, ± 1, the absolute value of ± 2, L i has a determining upper limit value；
A, b are respectively lenticule plane to sensor plane, the distance of main lens imaging plane, piFor microlens location, fi
It (x) is that export the offset numbers that a point x is corresponding in original image in image be the position at i,For fi(x) place is corresponding
Pixel value, ωiFor its weight, with fi(x) related, q is offset, and q ' is real offset.
The present invention also provides a kind of rendering system of focus type light-field camera, which includes following module: logging modle,
Radius module, piecemeal module, merging module, processing module；Logging modle is used to record the position of each lenticule and sub-aperture figure
Confidence breath and its center；Radius module is used for the flat image of refocusing as needed, calculates its depth of field, true according to the depth of field
Determine the size of radius R；The regular hexagon area that piecemeal module is used to take each sub-aperture figure center one radius to be R
Domain block；Merging module is used for regular hexagon region unit, merges to obtain merging figure by the sequence tiling of sub-aperture figure；Processing module is used
It is handled in merging figure, obtains final rendering figure.
The invention has the benefit that using the hexagonal array characteristic of microlens array, by lenticule sub-aperture
Figure takes the region unit of regular hexagon, in render process, needs not move through the transformation of coordinate system, can be reduced focus type light-field camera
The calculation amount of rendering method.
In preferred scheme of the invention, also with following the utility model has the advantages that by artificially determining the figure depth of field, not
With identical radius R is chosen at the depth of field, the refocusing of single flat image may be implemented.Each plan view is calculated by estimation of Depth
The depth of field of picture chooses different radius R at the different depth of field, and it is clear to may be implemented full images, effectively eliminates in image
Artifacts improves the picture quality of final rendering figure.The depth of field that each flat image is calculated by estimation of Depth, in different scapes
Identical radius R is chosen in depths, then to each pixel merged in figure in hexagonal area block, to pixel in its original image
Be separated by the value at (μ-R) and be averaging to obtain and output image to fixed some pixel values, single flat image may be implemented, i.e., it is specific
The image refocusing of depth, and without Artifacts.The side to be rounded up by the edge pixel to regular hexagon region unit
Method carries out integer, and when merging tiling, the pixel energy on opposite two sides is complementary well, reduces final rendering and goes out image
Aberration.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the embodiment of the present invention focuses light-field camera optical texture schematic diagram, and A is sensor, and B is microlens array, C
For as plane, D is main lens, and E is object.
Fig. 3 is lenticule of embodiment of the present invention actual arrangement schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is that the embodiment of the present invention takes regular hexagon region unit method schematic diagram to single sub-aperture figure.
Fig. 5 is that the embodiment of the present invention takes regular hexagon region unit schematic diagram to all sub-aperture figures.
Fig. 6 is that regular hexagon of embodiment of the present invention region unit arranges schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is BORDER PROCESSING of embodiment of the present invention schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described further with reference to the accompanying drawing, detailed process is as follows, process signal
Figure is as shown in Figure 1.
S1. the picture of input focus type light-field camera shooting, record each lenticule and sub-aperture figure location information and
Center.
S2. the flat image of refocusing as needed calculates its depth of field, and the size of radius R is determined according to the depth of field.
S3. in the center of each sub-aperture figure, taking a radius is the regular hexagon region unit of R.
S4. by regular hexagon region unit, merge to obtain merging figure by the sequence tiling of sub-aperture figure；
S5. merging figure is handled, obtains final rendering figure.
Light-field camera is the device for obtaining field information, four-dimensional light radiation field of the package informatin containing spatial position and direction.Cause
What this each sensor unit captured is the light that object is issued from special angle, not only has recorded the location information of light,
Also its directional information, the sampling of actually four-dimensional plenoptic function are had recorded.But there are spatial resolutions for conventional light field camera too
Low disadvantage focuses light-field camera and then provides the compromise of a kind of spatial resolution and angular resolution, optical texture signal
Figure is as shown in Figure 2.
Lenticule arrangement mode generallys use hexagonal array mode, as shown in figure 3, its fill factor is up to 90%.
Compared to the orthogonal arrangement mode that maximum fill factor is 78.5%, using hexagonal array mode, fill factor is much bigger.
The fill factor of lenticule refers to the ratio between effective clear field and unit gross area of unit element, characterizes element to luminous energy
Convergence and diverging ability, it is usually related with component shape and arrangement mode.
For region unit, the size of R corresponds to different focusing surfaces, therefore corresponds to different depth.According to required
The depth of field of the flat image of refocusing determines the size of its radius R.According to the object of the plane of refocusing difference and its depth
The difference for spending calculation method, can take following 3 kinds of modes.
(1) when needing the flat image of refocusing to be single, identical radius R is chosen at the different depth of field；The reunion
The depth of field of image focal plane artificially determines.
Artificially determination is empirically determined, and at the different depth of field, use is all identical R, therefore what is obtained is special
Allocate the focused view in face.The image that this method can be realized some depths degree focuses, but is not possible to meeting in the part of focusing surface
Generate Artifacts.
(2) when wanting the flat image of refocusing to be whole plane, different radius R is chosen at the different depth of field；Each plane
The depth of field of image is calculated according to the method for estimation of Depth, then determines that R's is big by searching in the relation table of depth value and R
It is small.
Using the method for estimation of Depth, available more accurate depth value, then by tabling look-up to obtain R in depth value array
Size, the method can effectively reduce image Artifacts caused by method (1), show that all images are all clear, nothing
The total focus of image may be implemented in the final rendering figure of Artifacts, this method.
(3) when needing the flat image of refocusing to be single, identical radius R is chosen at the different depth of field；The reunion
The depth of image focal plane is calculated according to the method for estimation of Depth, then determines R by searching in the relation table of depth value and R
Size.
The not instead of total focus image that this method generates, the focused view of certain depth, unlike method in (1),
For in the part of focusing surface, the method will not generate Artifacts.
One piece of area in each lenticule respective sensor plane in optical texture shown in Fig. 2, on microlens array
Domain, a corresponding sub-aperture figure.Using the regular hexagon arrangement mode of lenticule itself, one positive six is taken to each sub-aperture figure
The region unit of side shape.It is worth noting that, lenticule arrangement mode is lateral regular hexagon in Fig. 3, therefore the regular hexagon taken
The shape of region unit is longitudinal regular hexagon, takes the region block method of regular hexagon to single sub-aperture figure as shown in figure 4, to institute
Have sub-aperture figure takes block mode as shown in Figure 5.
For all longitudinal regular hexagon blocks taken out in step S3, believed by position identified in step S1
Breath, the sub-aperture figure central block for arranging by original position and tiling all, schematic diagram are as shown in Figure 6.Wherein, due to sensing
The shape of device pixel is square, and inevitably there is non-integer pixel at each hexagon block figure edge, for these pictures at edge
Element needs integer, can take the method to round up here.Due to two opposite sides of regular hexagon be it is parallel, because
Pixel still can be complementary well after integer on this opposite two side.
For method (1) and method (2) as above, merges figure and carry out following processing: as shown in fig. 7, through above-mentioned steps
It is an irregular figure that tiling, which merges obtained merging figure, since lenticule number is more, son formed by contiguous microlens
Aperture figure has more similar portion, therefore for last figure, takes out the maximum rectangular block of one for capable of wherein finding.Rectangle
All it is integer pixel in block, then gives up extra corner information.Portion shown in shade in final result schematic diagram, that is, Fig. 7
Point.
For method (3) as above, the processing for merging figure is needed first to each of in hexagonal area block in merging figure
Pixel, is separated by the value at (μ-R) to pixel in its original image and is averaging to obtain and output image to fixed some pixel values；So
Give up extra corner information to figure taking-up maximum rectangular block is merged again afterwards.
For the lenticule having a size of μ, the image block of R is divided into (μ-R), position f between the pixel value being averagedi(x)
All respective pixels be averaged:Wherein,For fi(x) the corresponding pixel value in place.
fi(x)=pi+ q ', fiIt (x) is that export the offset numbers that a point x is corresponding in original image in image be the position at i
It sets；
piFor microlens location；
μ=R (a/b)
Here i=0, ± 1, ± 2, L, a, b respectively indicate lenticule plane to sensor plane and lenticule plane to master
The distance of lens imaging plane.Because μ is a constant, the sampling for given image block size R, the absolute value of i has
One determining upper limit value,
For difference, R can be different, but have an integrated value for each point.
The contribution of different perspectives can be indicated with weight, each pixel of a lenticule can be provided a weight
Value, i.e., to the f of different locationi(x) it is weighted and averaged, finally obtains the knot without Artifacts focused at constant depth
Fruit.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of rendering method of focus type light-field camera, spy is, includes the following steps:
S1. the picture of input focus type light-field camera shooting, records location information and the center of each lenticule and sub-aperture figure
Position；The center of the microlens array is arranged with regular hexagon；
S2. the flat image of refocusing as needed calculates its depth of field, and the size of radius R is determined according to the depth of field；
S3. in the center of each sub-aperture figure, taking a radius is the regular hexagon region unit of R；The region unit
Regular hexagon is different from the regular hexagon direction of microlens array；
S4. by regular hexagon region unit, merge to obtain merging figure by the sequence tiling of sub-aperture figure；
S5. merging figure is handled, obtains final rendering figure；
When the step S2 needs the flat image of refocusing to be single, identical radius R, the reunion are chosen at the different depth of field
The depth of image focal plane is calculated according to the method for estimation of Depth, then determines R by searching in the relation table of depth value and R
Size；
Processing of the step S5 to figure is merged are as follows: to each pixel merged in figure in hexagonal area block, to its original graph
Pixel, which is separated by the value at (μ-R) and is averaging to obtain, as in outputs image to fixed some pixel values, and wherein μ is the big of lenticule
It is small；Again to figure taking-up maximum rectangular block is merged, give up extra corner information.
2. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is single that the step S2, which needs the flat image of refocusing,
When, identical radius R is chosen at the different depth of field, the depth of field of reunion image focal plane artificially determines.
3. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that it is whole plane that the step S2, which needs the flat image of refocusing,
When, different radius R is chosen at the different depth of field, the depth of field of each flat image is calculated according to the method for estimation of Depth, then
The size of R is determined by searching in the relation table of depth value and R.
4. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the regular hexagon of the step S3 is longitudinal regular hexagon.
5. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the edge pixel of the regular hexagon region unit of the step S4 is logical
It crosses the method to round up and carries out integer.
6. method as claimed in claim 2 or claim 3, which is characterized in that processing of the step S5 to figure is merged are as follows: take out wherein
Maximum rectangular block gives up extra corner information.
7. the method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that be separated by the step S5 to pixel in its original image
The expression formula that value at (μ-R) is averaging is as follows:
Wherein,
fi(x)=pi+q′
μ=R (a/b)
The absolute value of i has a determining upper limit value；
A, b are respectively lenticule plane to sensor plane, the distance of main lens imaging plane, piFor microlens location, fi(x)
It is the position at i to export the offset numbers that a point x is corresponding in original image in image,For fi(x) place is corresponding
Pixel value, ωiFor its weight, with fi(x) related, q is offset, and q ' is real offset.
8. a kind of rendering system of focus type light-field camera, which is characterized in that using such as of any of claims 1-7
The rendering method of focus type light-field camera includes following module: logging modle, radius module, piecemeal module, merging module, place
Manage module；Logging modle is used to record location information and its center of each lenticule and sub-aperture figure；The lenticule
The center of array is arranged with regular hexagon；Radius module is used for the flat image of refocusing as needed, calculates its depth of field, according to
The depth of field determines the size of radius R；Piecemeal module is used for each sub-aperture figure center, and taking a radius is positive the six of R
Side shape region unit；The regular hexagon of the region unit is different from positive six edge direction of microlens array；Merging module is used for will just
Hexagonal area block merges to obtain merging figure by the sequence tiling of sub-aperture figure；Processing module is obtained for handling merging figure
To final rendering figure.
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| CN106303228B (en) * | 2016-08-04 | 2019-09-13 | 深圳市未来媒体技术研究院 | A kind of rendering method and system of focus type light-field camera |
| US10643044B2 (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2020-05-05 | Ncr Corporation | Variable depth of field scanning devices and methods |
| JP6729428B2 (en) * | 2017-02-01 | 2020-07-22 | オムロン株式会社 | Image processing system, optical sensor, and learning device |
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| CN111369443B (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2023-04-28 | 浙江昕微电子科技有限公司 | Zero-order learning super-resolution method of light field cross-scale |
| CN112816493A (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2021-05-18 | 奕目(上海)科技有限公司 | Chip routing defect detection method and device |
| CN112464727A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-03-09 | 电子科技大学 | Self-adaptive face recognition method based on light field camera |
| CN112686829B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2024-03-26 | 太原科技大学 | 4D light field full focusing image acquisition method based on angle information |
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| JPH1039107A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-13 | Idec Izumi Corp | Lens array and display device |
| CN103439090A (en) * | 2013-09-01 | 2013-12-11 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Data sampling route planning method for sub-aperture splicing detection |
| CN103841327A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Four-dimensional light field decoding preprocessing method based on original image |
| CN104469183A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2015-03-25 | 东南大学 | Optical field capture and post-processing method for X-ray scintillator imaging system |
| CN105704371A (en) * | 2016-01-25 | 2016-06-22 | 深圳市未来媒体技术研究院 | Light field refocusing method |
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| WO2018024006A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 |
| CN106303228A (en) | 2017-01-04 |
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