CN106295236A

CN106295236A - A kind of computational methods of masonry specific heat

Info

Publication number: CN106295236A
Application number: CN201610843569.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李顺群; 冯彦芳; 夏锦红; 桂超; 张勋程; 李伟; 张丽伟
Original assignee: Tianjin Chengjian University; Xinxiang University
Current assignee: Tianjin Chengjian University; Xinxiang University
Priority date: 2016-09-23
Filing date: 2016-09-23
Publication date: 2017-01-04
Anticipated expiration: 2036-09-23
Also published as: CN106295236B

Abstract

本发明提供一种砌体比热的计算方法，该方法包括以下步骤：取少量规则砖砌体，称出其质量m₀；根据单位立方体砖砌体的用砖量，以及施工单位提供的所取砖砌体体积v₀，确定上述所取砖砌体中砖的质量；利用烘干法测出上述所取砖砌体的含水量m_w；确定砖砌体烘干后干砂浆的比热；最后得到所述砖砌体的比热。有益效果是该种方法从砌体的物质组成角度计算砌体的比热，计算方法直观、操作简便。将其应用于工程实际中，可以更快捷的确定砌体的比热，对节约能源有很重要的意义。The invention provides a method for calculating the specific heat of masonry, which comprises the following steps: taking a small amount of regular brick masonry, weighing its mass m ₀ ; Take the volume v ₀ of the brickwork and determine the mass of the bricks in the above-mentioned brickwork; use the drying method to measure the water content m _w of the above-mentioned brickwork; determine the specific heat of the dry mortar after the brickwork is dried ; Finally, the specific heat of the brickwork is obtained. The beneficial effect is that the method calculates the specific heat of the masonry from the perspective of the material composition of the masonry, and the calculation method is intuitive and easy to operate. Applying it to engineering practice can determine the specific heat of masonry more quickly, which is of great significance to energy saving.

Description

A Calculation Method of Specific Heat of Masonry

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种砌体比热的计算方法，主要以砖砌体为例来阐述该方法。该种方法适用于石砌体和砌块砌体等所有砌体的比热计算。对建筑节能设计具有显著意义。The invention relates to a method for calculating the specific heat of masonry, which is mainly described by taking brick masonry as an example. This method is applicable to the specific heat calculation of all masonry such as stone masonry and block masonry. Significant significance to building energy-saving design.

背景技术Background technique

砌体结构因为其施工过程简单、技术要求低且便于取材，在我国有着广泛的使用。随着经济和社会的不断发展以及人类生活水平的提高，人们对建筑物的美观度与舒适度的要求越来越高，确定建筑物材料的热物理参数对实际工程的设计与科学研究越来越重要。Masonry structure is widely used in our country because of its simple construction process, low technical requirements and easy access to materials. With the continuous development of economy and society and the improvement of human living standards, people have higher and higher requirements for the aesthetics and comfort of buildings. Determining the thermal physical parameters of building materials is more and more important to the design and scientific research of actual projects. more important.

比热是单位质量物质改变单位温度时吸收或释放的能量。物质的比热是衡量物质热工性能的重要物理量，确定物质的比热能够很好地了解物质的保温性能和热交换能力，从而对新材料的研制和新能源的开发有更好的方向指导性。尤其对砌体结构，确定砖石砌体和块材砌体等常用砌体的比热，有助于更好的利用砌体材料的保温性能，达到降低能源消耗的目的，从而使建筑物最大程度满足人类需求。Specific heat is the energy absorbed or released when a unit mass of a substance changes a unit temperature. The specific heat of a substance is an important physical quantity to measure the thermal performance of a substance. Determining the specific heat of a substance can better understand the thermal insulation performance and heat exchange capacity of the substance, so as to have a better direction for the development of new materials and new energy sources. sex. Especially for masonry structures, determining the specific heat of common masonry such as masonry masonry and block masonry will help to better utilize the thermal insulation performance of masonry materials and achieve the purpose of reducing energy consumption, thereby maximizing the building degree to meet human needs.

迄今为止，国内许多学者对物质的比热确定方法进行了深入研究和探讨，并且取得了诸多成果。目前，常用的测量固体物质比热的方法有混合法、比热测试仪法等。混合法是根据热平衡原理，将已知质量、温度的待测物体，投入到盛有质量、温度均已知的水的量热器中，待温度稳定后，在不考虑量热器与外界热交换的前提下，计算出该待测物的比热。比热容测试仪系统由管状立式电阻炉、恒温器、控温仪和计算机测试系统等部件组成。实验时先将试样在管状加热炉中加热到试验温度，然后再落入到量热器中。全过程由计算机采集试样和量热器的温度变化，从而计算出试样的比热。So far, many domestic scholars have carried out in-depth research and discussion on the method of determining the specific heat of substances, and have achieved many results. At present, the commonly used methods for measuring the specific heat of solid substances include the mixing method and the specific heat tester method. The mixing method is based on the principle of heat balance, putting the object to be measured with known mass and temperature into a calorimeter filled with water with known mass and temperature. Under the premise of exchange, calculate the specific heat of the analyte. The specific heat capacity tester system is composed of a tubular vertical resistance furnace, a thermostat, a temperature controller and a computer test system. During the experiment, the sample is first heated to the test temperature in a tubular heating furnace, and then falls into the calorimeter. During the whole process, the computer collects the temperature changes of the sample and the calorimeter to calculate the specific heat of the sample.

上述实验方法操作较复杂、仪器配备不方便、对操作人员和环境要求较高，且均存在不可避免的热量损失，容易造成较大的实验误差。故而在建筑工程中适用性较小。因此，研究开发一种简便确定砌体比热的方法，具有很大的工程实用价值。The above-mentioned experimental methods are complicated to operate, inconvenient to equip with instruments, have high requirements on operators and the environment, and there is inevitable heat loss, which is likely to cause large experimental errors. Therefore, it is less applicable in construction engineering. Therefore, it is of great engineering practical value to research and develop a simple method for determining the specific heat of masonry.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的是提供一种砌体比热的计算方法，该方法原理易懂、计算过程简单，且计算结果能快速应用到工程实际中。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a calculation method for masonry specific heat, the principle of the method is easy to understand, the calculation process is simple, and the calculation results can be quickly applied to engineering practice.

为实现上述目的，本发明提供的是一种砌体比热的简易计算方法。具体步骤如下。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a simple calculation method for specific heat of masonry. Specific steps are as follows.

(1)取少量规则砖砌体，称出其质量m₀。(1) Take a small amount of regular brickwork and weigh its mass m ₀ .

(2)根据单位立方体砖砌体的用砖量，以及施工单位提供的所取砖砌体体积v₀，确定上述所取砖砌体中砖的质量，即(2) According to the quantity of bricks used in the unit cubic brick masonry and the volume v ₀ of the brick masonry provided by the construction unit, the quality of the bricks in the above-mentioned brick masonry is determined, that is

m₁＝v₀nρ₁v₁ (1)m ₁ =v ₀ nρ ₁ v ₁ (1)

(3)利用烘干法测出上述所取砖砌体的含水量m_w。(3) Measure the water content m _w of the above-mentioned brick masonry by using the drying method.

(4)确定砖砌体烘干后干砂浆的比热。首先确定干砂浆质量，即(4) Determine the specific heat of the dry mortar after the brickwork is dried. First determine the dry mortar quality, namely

m₂＝m₀-m₁-m_w (2)m ₂ ＝m ₀ -m ₁ -m _w (2)

再确定干砂浆体积，即Then determine the dry mortar volume, that is

${v v}_{22} = = {v v}_{00} - - {v v}_{00} {nv nv}_{11} - - \frac{{m m}_{W W}}{{ρ ρ}_{W W}} - - - - - - ((33))$

根据施工中砂浆的配合比，确定单位立方体干砂浆中含砂的质量m₃，则得到所取砖砌体中的含砂量为According to the mix ratio of mortar in construction, the mass m ₃ of sand in dry mortar per unit cube is determined, then the sand content in the selected brick masonry is obtained as

m₄＝m₃v₂ (4)m ₄ =m ₃ v ₂ (4)

确定砂浆水化反应后生成的水泥石质量，即Determine the quality of cement stone generated after the mortar hydration reaction, namely

m₅＝m₂-m₄ (5)m ₅ =m ₂ -m ₄ (5)

最后得到步骤(1)所取砖砌体烘干后砂浆的比热，具体公式如下。Finally, the specific heat of the mortar after drying the brickwork taken in step (1) is obtained, and the specific formula is as follows.

${c c}_{22} = = \frac{{m m}_{44} {c c}_{44} + + {m m}_{55} {c c}_{55}}{{m m}_{22}} - - - - - - ((66))$

式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)与(6)中n表示单位立方体砖砌体中砖的块数，ρ₁和ρ_w分别表示标准砖和水的密度，单位是kg/m³。v₀、v₁和v₂分别表示所取砖砌体、一块标准砖和干砂浆的体积，单位是m³。m₁、m₂、m₄和m₅分别表示上述所取砖砌体中砖的质量、干砂浆的质量、干砂浆中所含的砂和水泥石的质量，单位是kg。c₂、c₄、c₅分别表示干砂浆、砂和水泥石的比热，单位是J/(kg·℃)。In formulas (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6), n represents the number of bricks in a unit cubic brick masonry, ρ ₁ and ρ _w represent standard bricks and water Density, the unit is kg/m ³ . v ₀ , v ₁ and v ₂ represent the volumes of the brick masonry, a standard brick and dry mortar respectively, and the unit is m ³ . m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₄ and m ₅ represent the mass of bricks in the above-mentioned masonry, the mass of dry mortar, and the mass of sand and cement stone contained in the dry mortar, respectively, and the unit is kg. c ₂ , c ₄ , and c ₅ represent the specific heat of dry mortar, sand, and cement stone, respectively, and the unit is J/(kg·℃).

(5)最后得到步骤(1)所述砖砌体的比热，具体公式如下。(5) finally obtain the specific heat of the brickwork described in step (1), the specific formula is as follows.

${c c}_{00} = = \frac{{m m}_{11} {c c}_{11} + + {m m}_{22} {c c}_{22} + + {m m}_{W W} {c c}_{W W}}{{m m}_{00}} - - - - - - ((77))$

式(7)中m₀、m₁、m₂、m_w分别表示所取砖砌体的质量、砖的质量、干砂浆的质量、砖砌体中所含水的质量，单位为kg。c₀、c₁、c₂、c_w分别表示砖砌体的比热、砖的比热、干砂浆的比热、水的比热，单位为J/(kg·℃)。In formula (7), m ₀ , m ₁ , m ₂ , and m _w represent the mass of the brickwork, brick, dry mortar, and water contained in the brickwork, respectively, and the unit is kg. c ₀ , c ₁ , c ₂ , and c _w represent the specific heat of brick masonry, brick, dry mortar, and water, respectively, and the unit is J/(kg·℃).

本发明效果是上述计算砖砌体比热的方法适用于石砌体和砌块砌体等所有砌体比热的计算。该方法能够直观的计算出砌体的比热，计算过程简单，计算结果直观。为实际工程中的热物理参数的确定以及温度场模拟提供科学合理的依据，有利于建筑物围护结构的节能保温设计，从而为人类提供更舒适的环境。The effect of the invention is that the method for calculating the specific heat of brick masonry is applicable to the calculation of specific heat of all masonry such as stone masonry and block masonry. This method can intuitively calculate the specific heat of masonry, the calculation process is simple, and the calculation result is intuitive. It provides a scientific and reasonable basis for the determination of thermophysical parameters and temperature field simulation in actual engineering, and is conducive to the energy-saving and thermal insulation design of building envelopes, thereby providing a more comfortable environment for humans.

具体实施方式detailed description

结合实例对本发明的一种砌体比热计算方法进一步说明。A method for calculating specific heat of masonry of the present invention is further described with examples.

本发明的一种砌体比热计算方法主要以砖砌体为例来阐述该种方法。利用砖砌体中所含砖、砂浆和水的比热与其各自对应质量的乘积累加，和该砖砌体质量的比值，来确定砖砌体的比热。A masonry specific heat calculation method of the present invention mainly takes brick masonry as an example to illustrate the method. The specific heat of the brick masonry is determined by using the product accumulation of the specific heat of the brick, mortar and water contained in the brick masonry and their respective corresponding masses, and the ratio of the mass of the brick masonry.

本发明的一种砌体比热的计算方法包括以下步骤：A kind of calculation method of masonry specific heat of the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1)取少量规则砖砌体，称出其质量m₀；(1) Take a small amount of regular brickwork and weigh its mass m ₀ ;

m₁＝v₀nρ₁v₁ (1)m ₁ =v ₀ nρ ₁ v ₁ (1)

(3)利用烘干法测出上述所取砖砌体的含水量m_w；(3) Utilize the drying method to measure the water content m _w of the above-mentioned brick masonry taken;

(4)确定砖砌体烘干后干砂浆的比热，干砂浆的质量为(4) Determine the specific heat of the dry mortar after the brickwork is dried, and the quality of the dry mortar is

m₂＝m₀-m₁-m_w (2)m ₂ ＝m ₀ -m ₁ -m _w (2)

确定干砂浆体积，即Determine the dry mortar volume, i.e.

根据施工中砂浆的配合比，确定单位立方体干砂浆中含砂的质量m₃，则得到所取砖砌体中的含砂量，即According to the mix ratio of mortar in construction, determine the mass _m3 of sand contained in the unit cubic dry mortar, and then obtain the sand content in the selected brick masonry, namely

m₄＝m₃v₂ (4)m ₄ =m ₃ v ₂ (4)

确定砂浆水化反应中生成的水泥石质量，即Determine the quality of cement stone generated in the mortar hydration reaction, namely

m₅＝m₂-m₄ (5)m ₅ =m ₂ -m ₄ (5)

最后得到步骤(1)所取砖砌体烘干后砂浆的比热，具体公式如下Finally, the specific heat of the mortar after drying the brickwork taken in step (1) is obtained, and the specific formula is as follows

式(1)、(2)、(3)、(4)、(5)与(6)中n表示单位立方体砖砌体中砖的块数，ρ₁和ρ_w分别表示标准砖和水的密度，单位是kg/m³，v₀、v₁和v₂分别表示所取砖砌体、一块标准砖和干砂浆的体积，单位是m³，m₁、m₂、m₄和m₅分别表示上述所取砖砌体中砖的质量、干砂浆的质量、干砂浆中所含的砂和水泥石的质量，单位是kg。c₂、c₄、c₅分别表示干砂浆、砂和水泥石的比热，单位是J/(kg·℃)；In formulas (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6), n represents the number of bricks in a unit cubic brick masonry, ρ ₁ and ρ _w represent standard bricks and water Density, the unit is kg/m ³ , v ₀ , v ₁ and v ₂ represent the volumes of the brickwork, a standard brick and dry mortar respectively, the unit is m ³ , m ₁ , m ₂ , m ₄ and m ₅ Respectively represent the mass of bricks in the above-mentioned brick masonry, the mass of dry mortar, the mass of sand and cement stone contained in dry mortar, and the unit is kg. c ₂ , c ₄ , and c ₅ respectively represent the specific heat of dry mortar, sand and cement stone, and the unit is J/(kg·℃);

(5)最后得到步骤(1)所述砖砌体的比热，具体公式如下(5) finally obtain the specific heat of the brickwork described in step (1), the specific formula is as follows

本发明的一种砌体比热计算方法功能是这样实现的：A kind of masonry specific heat calculation method function of the present invention is realized like this:

将砖砌体中所含砖、砂浆和水的比热与其各自质量的乘积累加，除以该砖砌体的质量，即可得到砖砌体的比热，具体实施如下。The specific heat of brickwork can be obtained by multiplying and accumulating the specific heat of bricks, mortar and water contained in the brickwork and their respective masses, and dividing by the mass of the brickwork. The specific implementation is as follows.

某砖砌体，施工单位给出了其局部尺寸为0.1m×0.1m×0.1m，单位立方体砖砌体砌筑过程中砖的用量为520块，灰缝厚度为0.01m，以及M10水泥砂浆的配合比。一块标准红砖的密度为1.8×10³kg/m³，尺寸为0.24m×0.115m×0.053m。具体数据如表1和表2所示。For a brick masonry, the construction unit gave its partial size as 0.1m×0.1m×0.1m, the amount of bricks used in the unit cubic brick masonry process was 520, the thickness of the mortar joint was 0.01m, and M10 cement mortar mix ratio. A standard red brick has a density of 1.8×10 ³ kg/m ³ and a size of 0.24m×0.115m×0.053m. The specific data are shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

表1 M10砂浆配合比Table 1 M10 mortar mix ratio

表2 材料比热容Table 2 Specific heat capacity of materials

(1)假设某砖砌体体积v₀＝1×10³m³，测得其质量为m₀＝1.8kg。(1) Assuming that the volume of a certain brickwork v ₀ =1×10 ³ m ³ , the measured mass is m ₀ =1.8kg.

(2)根据单位立方体砖砌体用砖量，得到砖的质量为(2) According to the amount of bricks used in unit cubic brick masonry, the quality of the bricks is obtained as

m₁＝1×10^-3×520×1.8×10³×0.24×0.115×0.053＝1.37(kg)m ₁ =1×10 ^-3 ×520×1.8×10 ³ ×0.24×0.115×0.053=1.37(kg)

(3)利用烘干法测出上述所取砖砌体的含水量m_w＝0.18kg。(3) Measure the water content m _w of the above-mentioned brick masonry taken by the drying method = 0.18kg.

(4)确定所取砖砌体烘干后干砂浆的比热，具体步骤如下。确定干砂浆的质量，即(4) Determine the specific heat of the dry mortar after drying the brick masonry, the specific steps are as follows. Determine the quality of the dry mortar, i.e.

m₂＝1.8-1.37-0.18＝0.250(kg)m ₂ =1.8-1.37-0.18=0.250 (kg)

确定干砂浆的体积，即Determine the volume of dry mortar, i.e.

$\begin{matrix} {v v}_{22} = = 11 \times \times 1010^{- - 33} - - 11 \times \times 1010^{- - 33} \times \times 520520 \times \times 0.24 0.24 \times \times 0.115 0.115 \times \times 0.053 0.053 - - \frac{0.18 0.18}{11 \times \times 1010^{33}} \\ = = 0.060 0.060 \times \times 1010^{- - 33} (({m m}^{33})) \end{matrix}$

根据砂浆配合比，水泥:砂:水＝240kg:1221kg:290kg，确定上述所取砖砌体烘干后砂浆中的含砂量，即According to the mortar mix ratio, cement: sand: water=240kg: 1221kg: 290kg, determine the sand content in the mortar after the above-mentioned brick masonry is dried, namely

${m m}_{44} = = 12211221 \times \times \frac{11}{11 - - \frac{290290}{11 \times \times 1010^{33}}} \times \times 0.060 0.060 \times \times 1010^{- - 33} = = 0.103 0.103 ((k k g g))$

确定砂浆水化反应后生成的水泥石的质量，即Determine the quality of cement stone generated after the mortar hydration reaction, namely

m₅＝0.25-0.103＝0.147(kg)m ₅ =0.25-0.103=0.147 (kg)

最后可得到所取砖砌体烘干后干砂浆的比热，即Finally, the specific heat of the dry mortar after drying the brick masonry can be obtained, that is,

(5)最后可计算出步骤(1)所取砖砌体的比热，即(5) Finally, the specific heat of the brickwork taken in step (1) can be calculated, namely

为了与传统测量方法进行对比，这里取一定量砖砌体，采用混合法和比热容测试仪法测量其比热，具体数据如表3所示。In order to compare with the traditional measurement method, a certain amount of brick masonry is taken here, and its specific heat is measured by the mixing method and the specific heat capacity tester method. The specific data are shown in Table 3.

由上述数据可知，本发明提供的计算砌体比热的方法，具有较高精度。和传统混合法及比热容测试仪法相比，测试误差小于5％，故该方法可应用于具体工程实际中。另外，本发明提供的计算方法简单、直接、并且省时，将其应用于工程能更快捷的确定砌体比热，从而为建筑节能设计提供依据。It can be seen from the above data that the method for calculating the specific heat of masonry provided by the present invention has relatively high precision. Compared with the traditional mixing method and the specific heat capacity tester method, the test error is less than 5%, so the method can be applied to specific engineering practice. In addition, the calculation method provided by the invention is simple, direct, and time-saving, and when it is applied to engineering, the specific heat of masonry can be determined more quickly, thereby providing a basis for building energy-saving design.

表3 实验所测比热Table 3 The specific heat measured in the experiment

Claims

1. computational methods for masonry specific heat, the method comprises the following steps:

(1) take a small amount of rule brick setting, weigh up its quality m₀；

(2) according to the brick using amount of unit cube brick setting, and the taken brick setting volume v that unit in charge of construction provides₀, determine on State the quality of brick in taken brick setting, i.e.

m₁=v₀nρ₁v₁ (1)

(3) oven drying method is utilized to measure water content m of above-mentioned taken brick setting_w；

(4) determine brick setting dry after the specific heat of dry mortar, the quality of dry mortar is

m₂=m₀-m₁-m_w (2)

Determine dry mortar volume, i.e.

v_{2} = v_{0} - v_{0} {nv}_{1} - \frac{m_{w}}{ρ_{w}} - - - (3)

According to the match ratio of mortar in construction, determine quality m containing sand in unit cube dry mortar₃, then taken brick setting is obtained In sand content, i.e.

m₄=m₃v₂ (4)

Determine the Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste quality generated in mortar hydration reaction, i.e.

m₅=m₂-m₄ (5)

Finally obtaining the specific heat of mortar after step (1) taken brick setting is dried, concrete formula is as follows

c_{2} = \frac{m_{4} c_{4} + m_{5} c_{5}}{m_{2}} - - - (6)

Formula (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and the block number of brick, ρ in n representation unit cube brick setting in (6)₁And ρ_wRepresent respectively Standard brick and the density of water, unit is kg/m³, v₀、v₁And v₂Represent taken brick setting, one block of standard brick and dry mortar respectively Volume, unit is m³, m₁、m₂、m₄And m₅Represent the quality of brick, the quality of dry mortar, dry mortar in above-mentioned taken brick setting respectively Sand contained by and the quality of Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste, unit is kg.c₂、c₄、c₅Represent the specific heat of dry mortar, sand and Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste, unit respectively It is J/ (kg DEG C)；

(5) finally obtaining the specific heat of step (1) described brick setting, concrete formula is as follows

c_{0} = \frac{m_{1} c_{1} + m_{2} c_{2} + m_{w} c_{w}}{m_{0}} - - - (7)

M in formula (7)₀、m₁、m₂、m_wRepresent institute in the quality of taken brick setting, the quality of brick, the quality of dry mortar, brick setting respectively Aqueous quality, unit is kg.c₀、c₁、c₂、c_wRepresent the specific heat of brick setting, the specific heat of brick, the specific heat of dry mortar, water respectively Specific heat, unit is J/ (kg DEG C).