CN106292568B - A kind of smart home domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot - Google Patents
A kind of smart home domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/418—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM]
- G05B19/41865—Total factory control, i.e. centrally controlling a plurality of machines, e.g. direct or distributed numerical control [DNC], flexible manufacturing systems [FMS], integrated manufacturing systems [IMS] or computer integrated manufacturing [CIM] characterised by job scheduling, process planning, material flow
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of smart home domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot.The schduling cycle of setting according to the electricity consumption situation of Spot Price height and user, is divided into the different metric space of slot length first by this method；Then consider the scheduling computation complexity of utensil and the operation duration of utensil, divide the slot length of different metric spaces；Scheduling finally is optimized to domestic appliance on the basis of the dynamic slot divided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot belongs to smart home technology neck
Domain.
Background technique
The Optimized Operation of domestic appliance can not only guarantee the interests of user and supplier of electricity, may also reach up energy-saving and emission-reduction,
Protect the effect of environment.From the point of view of user's self-view, electricity consumption is a kind of economical selection, and user is according to itself electric power need
Summation electric system meets the ability of its demand to adjust electricity consumption time and electricity consumption, reduction while realization meets power demand
Electricity charge expense.But general user lacks economics and considers that analysis learns technological know-how with control, so the domestic appliance of automation
Dispatching method can help user's Real-Time Scheduling domestic appliance, reduce electric power payment；From the point of view of electrical supplier angle, the family of automation
Front yard utensil dispatching method can use the time by scheduling utensil, and utensil is avoided to concentrate on the lower period fortune of some electricity price
Row, reduces the peak-to-average force ratio of system, guarantees the stability of system.Therefore, the research of domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling is obtained
Extensive concern.
But currently, researcher largely biases toward Optimization Solution calculation in the research process of domestic appliance Optimized Operation
The innovation of method, the problem of without being studied in utensil scheduling process in detail in terms of related time slot, such as: in utensil scheduling time slot divide according to
According to research and time slot divide the research in terms of influence to power cost and computation complexity the problems such as be not accounted for,
Since the scheduling of utensil is carried out on the basis of time slot divides, so the research for time slot problem optimizes in domestic appliance
There is important role in scheduling.
For this problem, existing technical solution is: in document [1] (A.H.Mohsenian-Rad, and A.Leon-
Garcia,“Optimal residential load control with price prediction in real-time
electricity pricing environments,”IEEE Trans.Smart Grid,vol.1,no.2,pp.120–
133, Sep.2010.) in, the slot length of metric space is divided into 1 hour, i.e., divides for 24 time slots one day.So
Afterwards in this metric space, domestic appliance Optimal Scheduling is formulated as user's minimum power payment problem.However, herein
The influence that other slot lengths pay electric power is not studied in document, without being divided into slot length in expository writing yet
1 hour foundation；Document [2] (P.Samadi, H.Mohsenian-Rad, W.S.Wong, and R.Schober,
“Tackling the load uncertainty challenges for energy consumption scheduling
In smart grid, " IEEE Trans.Smart Grid, vol.4, no.2, pp.1007-1016, June, 2013.), [3]
(K.C.Sou,J.Weimer,H.Sandberg,and K.H.Johansson,“Scheduling smart home
appliances using mixed integer linear programming,”in Proc.IEEE.Conf.CDC-ECC,
Orlando, FL, USA, 2011, pp.5144-5149.) in, have studied different time-gap length (1 hour, 30 minutes, 10 minutes and
5 minutes) influence to algorithm computation complexity, and based on one of slot length, the payment of user's minimum power is asked
Topic formulation.But the division of these time slots interval is fixed slot length, does not account for dynamic slot to domestic appliance
The influence of Optimized Operation.
It is analyzed, the discovery prior art has the following disadvantages: the no objective basis of the division of 1) slot length, can not be with visitor
Sight factor combines；2) during domestic appliance Optimized Operation, fixed slot length can not weigh user electric power payment and
Computation complexity, such as: when slot length is 1 hour, the number of time slots of metric space is less, will lead in a certain time slot
Utensil unlatching number is excessive, influences the stability of system；And when slot length is 10 minutes, the number of time slots of metric space increases
It is more, it effectively prevents utensil and concentrates operation, ensure that the stability of system, but increase the computation complexity of system.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, the present invention proposes a kind of domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot.This method is first
According to the electricity consumption situation of Spot Price height and user, the schduling cycle of setting is divided into the different metric space of slot length.
Then consider the scheduling computation complexity of utensil and the operation duration of utensil, divide the slot length of different metric spaces.Finally
Scheduling is optimized to domestic appliance on the basis of the dynamic slot divided.
The present invention uses following technical solutions:
A kind of domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, schduling cycle T is divided to the metric space T1 and T2 not waited for slot length；
Step 2, the request of certain utensil is run in some slot range in family；According to the run the period of the utensil, by device
Tool is assigned to corresponding metric space；
Step 3, the utensil is classified according to the characteristic of utensil, it is not right if utensil is the utensil of non-scheduling
Utensil is scheduled, and is reached assigned timeslot and is directly run the utensil；If utensil is schedulable utensil, schedulable utensil is updated
Scheduling variable in the linear programming model of minimum power payment；
Step 4, above procedure is repeated, until having handled all utensils in family；
Step 5, it calls CPLEX to solve the linear programming model using matlab, determines the actual work of each utensil
Time slot.
Further, metric space T1 and T2 is divided according to electricity price height with user power utilization peak period.Preferably,
By electricity price is lower and peak of power consumption slot setup is metric space T1, other slot setups are metric space T2.
Further, according to utensil scheduling computation complexity issue and utensil operation duration, metric space T1 and T2 are divided
Slot length.Preferably, metric space T1 is divided into lesser slot length, it is long that metric space T2 divides longer time slot
Degree.
The linear programming model is as follows:
Wherein, k1And k2The number of time slots of divided two metric spaces T1 and T2 are respectively indicated, wherein time slot t1∈T1
=[1,2,3 ..., k1], time slot t2∈ T2=[1,2,3 ..., k2]；A represents the set of the schedulable utensil in family, and a is indicated
One of them schedulable utensil；It is utensil a ∈ A in time slot t1The energy consumption of ∈ T1,For in time slot t1It is all can
The total energy consumption of utensil is dispatched,It indicates in time slot t1When electricity price；Binary variableWithFor the switch shape of utensil
State, whenWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t1It opens；Conversely, working asWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t1It closes；WhenWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t2It opens；Conversely, working asWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t2It closes；αaAnd ηaIt is to adjust
Spend bring into operation time slot and the end of run time slot of utensil a in the T1 of space, θaAnd βaIt is that utensil a starts to transport in metric space T2
Row time slot and end of run time slot；EaIt is the energy consumption that utensil a completes operation；Et,maxIndicate the maximum energy being able to bear in time slot t
Consume the upper limit.
The present invention needs to be exchanged according to some objective factors (electricity price height, user power utilization situation and utensil operation duration etc.)
Degree circulation carries out dynamic slot division, and the division specification of this dynamic slot is: by electricity price is lower and peak of power consumption Time segments division
For lesser slot length, the opening time of utensil can be dispersed in this way, guarantee the stability of system；And in other Time segments divisions
Longer slot length can reduce computation complexity in this way.Therefore, the division methods of this dynamic slot have weighed user's
Electric power payment and computation complexity.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is dynamic slot division principle figure；
Fig. 2 is the domestic appliance Optimized Operation flow chart based on dynamic slot；
Fig. 3 is the Spot Price schematic diagram in one day；
Fig. 4 describes the operation distribution based on utensil after fixed slot length (slot length is 1 hour) Optimized Operation；
Fig. 5 describes the operation distribution of utensil after the Optimized Operation divided based on dynamic slot；
Fig. 6 describe before the Optimized Operation based on fixed slot length with the power cost after Optimized Operation；And
Fig. 7 describes the power cost after the Optimized Operation divided based on dynamic slot.
Specific embodiment
For technical solution of the present invention is more clearly understood, in conjunction with referring to attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
Here illustrate technical solution of the present invention for schduling cycle to be divided into two metric spaces T1 and T2.Such as the dynamic of Fig. 1
Shown in time slot division principle figure, it was set as a schduling cycle for 24 hours, the peak of power consumption period of user is 07:00-10:00
And 17:00-22:00, electricity price lower period are 07:00-11:00 and 17:00-06:00.Then by user power utilization peak and low electricity
Valence slot setup be metric space T1, by other slot setups be metric space T2, wherein the slot length of metric space T1 compared with
It is short, and the slot length of metric space T2 is longer.It is this that dynamic slot is divided according to practical electricity consumption situation and electricity price situation
Method can be used family according to daily actual conditions and reasonably arrange utensil.And the number of time slots phase in metric space T1
To more, the opening time of utensil can be dispersed, number of time slots is relatively fewer in metric space T2, and it is complicated can to reduce calculating
Degree.In this way, not only ensure that system stability, but also reduce computation complexity.
According to the division methods of dynamic slot in Fig. 1, k is used respectively1And k2Indicate divided two metric spaces T1 and T2
Number of time slots, wherein time slot t1∈ T1=[1,2,3 ..., k1], time slot t2∈ T2=[1,2,3 ..., k2].A is represented in family
Schedulable utensil set, a indicates one of them schedulable utensil.Assuming thatIt is utensil a ∈ A in time slot t1The energy of ∈ T1
Consumption, For in time slot t1The total energy consumption of all schedulable utensils,It indicates in time slot t1When electricity price.Cause
This, the electric power payment total when metric space T1 is run of schedulable utensil are as follows:It is identical with principle above,
The electric power payment total when metric space T2 is run of schedulable utensil are as follows:Here binary variable is definedWithFor the switch state of utensil, whenWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t1It opens；Conversely, working asWhen, it indicates
Utensil a is in time slot t1It closes.Similarly, whenWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t2It opens；Conversely, working asWhen, announcer
Has a in time slot t2It closes.
Then the minimum power payment of the schedulable utensil of user can be formulated as a linear programming model, such as formula
(1) shown in:
Wherein, αaAnd ηaIt is bring into operation time slot and the end of run time slot of utensil a in metric space T1, θaAnd βaIt is to adjust
Spend bring into operation time slot and the end of run time slot of utensil a in the T2 of space；EaIt is the energy consumption that utensil a completes operation；Et,maxIt indicates
In the maximum energy consumption upper limit that time slot t is able to bear.
The specific implementation step of domestic appliance Optimized Operation based on dynamic slot is as shown in the flowchart of figure 2:
1, schduling cycle T is divided to according to electricity price height with user power utilization peak period the metric space for slot length not etc.
T1 and T2；
2, according to utensil scheduling computation complexity issue and utensil operation duration, the time slot for dividing metric space T1 and T2 is long
Degree, slot length is respectively △1And △2, then metric space T1 includes k1A time slot, metric space T2 include k2A time slot；
3, the request of certain utensil is run in some slot range in family；
4, according to the run the period of the utensil, utensil is assigned to corresponding metric space；
5, the utensil is classified according to the characteristic of utensil, if utensil is the utensil of non-scheduling, not to utensil
It is scheduled, reaches assigned timeslot and directly run the utensil；If utensil is schedulable utensil, related in more new formula (1)
The scheduling variable of this utensil indicates that the schedulable utensil, the then scheduling variable updated include: with aAnd Ea
Deng；
6, above procedure is repeated, until having handled all utensils in family；
7, CPLEX is called to solve formula (1) using matlab.
Using method of the invention, when dividing dynamic according to objective factors such as the electricity price on same day height, user power utilization situations
Gap can dispatch utensil according to same day concrete condition in real time.And the domestic appliance scheduling based on dynamic slot, can disperse
Lower in electricity price and peak of power consumption period utensil opening time, guarantee the stability of system, the electric power of user can also be weighed
Payment and computation complexity.
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.
It is the parameter setting of the schedulable utensil run in this family in table 1.According to the parameter in table 1 to the present invention
Carry out simulating, verifying.According to the working hour of the type of utensil and utensil in table 1, by the integer variable peace treaty in formula (1)
Beam condition is updated, we list integer in the model for being divided into fundamental construction with three kinds of different time-gap length in table 2
Variable, constraint condition quantity number and solve the runing times of these three models, it can be found that time slot proposed by the present invention is drawn
Point method is more much lower than the complexity for 24 hourly averages being divided into 10 minutes time slots at equal intervals, although proposed by the present invention
Method is high compared to the complexity for the time slot at equal intervals for 24 hours one day being divided into 1 hour, but proposed by the present invention in electricity
Slot time is further refined to the opening time that can disperse utensil in valence lower period peak times of power consumption, makes each time slot
The operation quantity of utensil is reduced, and is avoided and is generated excessively high energy consumption at some time point.
Table 1
Table 2
Fig. 3 is certain day 7 points to second day 6 points of Spot Price schematic diagrames.According to the use of Spot Price and user in Fig. 3
07:00-10:00 and 17:00-22:00 slot setup is metric space by electric peak (07:00-10:00 and 17:00-22:00)
T1, slot length are 10 minutes, i.e. t1∈ T1=[1,2 ..., 60]；11:00-16:00 the and 23:00-06:00 period is set
It is set to metric space T2, slot length is 1 hour, i.e. t2∈ T2=[1,2 ..., 14].It is divided using existing fixed time slot
Method is scheduled domestic appliance, and Fig. 4 is described based on after fixed slot length (slot length is 1 hour) Optimized Operation
The operation of utensil distributes.Fig. 5 describes the operation distribution of utensil after the Optimized Operation divided based on dynamic slot.It can from Fig. 4
Observe after the Optimized Operation based on 1 hour slot length, there are 3 kinds of utensils in the 1st time slot while opening, lead to this
The energy consumption of one time slot is excessively high, has an impact to the stability of system；And use and the electricity consumption lower in electricity price proposed in the present invention
The method that peak period divides shorter slot length, has dispersed the opening time of utensil, as shown in figure 5, such ensure that is
The stability of system.
Equally, based on existing fixed time slot division methods, domestic appliance is scheduled, before scheduling and after scheduling
Power cost as shown in fig. 6, be computed, 24 hours electric power of the user payment before Optimized Operation is 83.25 points, when family's device
The slot length of tool scheduling is 1 hour, and the payment of 24 hours electric power of user is 70.58 points after Optimized Operation, reduces 15.2%；
In Fig. 7, domestic appliance Optimized Operation is carried out using dynamic slot division methods proposed by the present invention, is used after Optimized Operation
The payment of the 24 hours electric power in family is 57.38 points, is paid again compared to based on the electric power after 1 hour fixed slot length Optimized Operation
Reduce 18.7%.As it can be seen that this dynamic slot division methods proposed by the present invention, when can not only disperse the unlatching of utensil
Between, it avoids generating excessively high power consumption in some time slot, moreover it is possible to reduce the electric power payment of user.
From particular embodiments described above, it may be said that the bright present invention can disperse the opening time of utensil, weigh user
Electric power payment and computation complexity.According to some objective factors (electricity price height, user power utilization situation and utensil operation duration
Deng) dynamic slot division is carried out to schduling cycle；On the basis of dynamic slot divides, the Optimized Operation of domestic appliance is carried out.
Technical method of the invention is suitable for any domestic appliance scheduling scheme, when the foundation for dividing dynamic slot changes
When, schduling cycle can be divided into other metric spaces, then distribute different time-gap length to different metric spaces, in turn
Domestic appliance Optimized Operation is carried out on the basis of this dynamic slot.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effects
It describes in detail bright, it should be understood that the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, it is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of domestic appliance Optimization Scheduling based on dynamic slot, it is characterised in that include the following steps:
Step 1, schduling cycle T is divided to the metric space T1 and T2 not waited for slot length；
Step 2, the request of certain utensil is run in some slot range in family；According to the run the period of the utensil, by utensil point
It is fitted on corresponding metric space；
Step 3, the utensil is classified according to the characteristic of utensil, if utensil is the utensil of non-scheduling, not to utensil
It is scheduled, reaches assigned timeslot and directly run the utensil；If utensil is schedulable utensil, schedulable utensil is updated most
Scheduling variable in the linear programming model of small electric power payment；
The linear programming model is as follows:
Wherein, k1And k2The number of time slots of divided two metric spaces T1 and T2 are respectively indicated, wherein time slot t1∈ T1=
[1,2,3,…,k1], time slot t2∈ T2=[1,2,3 ..., k2]；A represents the set of the schedulable utensil in family, and a indicates it
In a schedulable utensil；It is utensil a ∈ A in time slot t1The energy consumption of ∈ T1,For in time slot t1It is all adjustable
The total energy consumption of utensil is spent,It indicates in time slot t1When electricity price；It is schedulable utensil in metric space
Electric power payment T1 total when running,For the electric power payment total when metric space T2 is run of schedulable utensil；
Binary variableWithFor the switch state of utensil, whenWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t1It opens；Conversely, working asWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t1It closes；WhenWhen, notation implement a is in time slot t2It opens；Conversely, working asWhen,
Notation implement a is in time slot t2It closes；
αaAnd ηaIt is bring into operation time slot and the end of run time slot of utensil a in metric space T1, θaAnd βaIt is in metric space T2
Bring into operation time slot and the end of run time slot of utensil a；EaIt is the energy consumption that utensil a completes operation；Et,maxIndicating can in time slot t
The maximum energy consumption upper limit of receiving；
The scheduling variable of the update includes:And Ea；
Step 4, above procedure is repeated, until having handled all utensils in family；
Step 5, it calls CPLEX to solve the linear programming model using matlab, determines the actual working time slot of each utensil.
2. dispatching method according to claim 1, the metric space T1 and T2 is according to electricity price height and user power utilization height
The peak period is divided.
It is electricity price is lower and peak of power consumption slot setup is metric space T1 3. dispatching method according to claim 2,
Its slot setup is metric space T2.
4. dispatching method described in any one of -3 according to claim 1, according to utensil scheduling computation complexity issue and device
Have operation duration, divides the slot length of metric space T1 and T2.
5. metric space T1 is divided lesser slot length by dispatching method according to claim 4, metric space T2 is drawn
Divide longer slot length.
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| US7991513B2 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2011-08-02 | Ecodog, Inc. | Electric energy bill reduction in dynamic pricing environments |
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| CN102184475A (en) * | 2011-05-11 | 2011-09-14 | 浙江大学 | Optimizing and dispatching method for microgrid economical operation on basis of multiple time scale coordination |
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