CN106291502B - The maximum probability time-domain processing method of background extracting and counteracting in target rcs measurement - Google Patents
The maximum probability time-domain processing method of background extracting and counteracting in target rcs measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
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Abstract
The maximum probability time-domain processing method of background extracting and counteracting in being measured the invention discloses a kind of target radar scattering cross-section (RCS), this method is based on the sliding window average treatment that Maximum Probability Principle and zero Doppler's clutter (ZDC) of fixed background extract, utilize the original RCS width phase measurement data of a kind of subsidiary bodies such as low scattering end cap or measured target itself, through data field to time-domain transformation and maximum probability threshold processing, the ZDC estimations of " maximum probability " time domain are obtained；Transformation again through time-domain to data field on this basis eliminates in conventional method subsidiary body signal residual components to the adverse effect of ZDC estimated values to obtain " maximum probability " possibility predication of data field ZDC.By time domain maximum probability statistic threshold processing, the residual components of subsidiary volume scattering signal in ZDC estimated values are eliminated, the validity of processing is offset to improve ZDC estimated accuracies and subsequent background.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to communication and Radar Technology field, more particularly to during a kind of target radar scattering cross-section (RCS) measures,
Using the measurement data of subsidiary body or directly using target itself measurement data, exports background data and simultaneously supported for background
The signal procesing in time domain method to disappear.
Background technology
The microwave dark room and outfield static measurement of scale model or full-scale target are that the low scattering of low detectable target is set
Meter, verification and improved important tests means.In microwave dark room and outfield RCS static measurements, low scattering holder is generally used
Measured target is supported, the instrumentation radar apart from distant place is fixed, and the target being placed on holder makees orientation rotation, instrumentation radar record
After taking scatter echo of the rolling target under different direction corner and carrying out background counteracting and calibration processing, measured target is obtained
Comprehensive rcs measurement data.Typical outfield measure geometry relationship is as shown in Figure 1.
For the ease of discussing the measurement and calibration of target broadband radar signal (RCS) amplitude and phase, target is defined
Answer scattering function (namely so-called target answers RCS in some documents) in broadbandFor：
In formula, Ei(f) and Es(f) indicate radar in-field (at target) and target scattering field respectively (at radar antenna)；It
It is with the relationship between RCS
By Fig. 1, the reception echo power of calibration body and object to be measured be satisfied by radar equation (referring to document E.F.Knott,
Radar Cross Section,New York:Van Nostrand Reinhold,1993.)：
In formula, Pr,PtRespectively radar reception and transmission power；G is antenna gain；λ is radar wavelength；R be radar away from
From；L is round trip transmission attenuation；σ is target RCS.
Relative calibration method may be used in calibration in target rcs measurement, i.e.,：It measures simultaneously known to its theory RCS
Standard calibration body and the unknown object to be measured of RCS have according to radar equation (2)：
In formula (3)-(4), VCr(f),VTr(f) the calibration body echo that receiver receives in Broadband RCS measurement is indicated respectively
Voltage and measured target echo voltage；Indicate that the theory of calibration body answers scattering function and measured target respectively
Broadband answer scattering function；F is radar frequency；C is spread speed.
By formula (3) and (4), the calibration formula that target answers scattering function is represented by：
In formula,For the multiple scattering function of measured target；Theory to be tested calibration body scatters letter again
Number, can be calculated by exact numerical；VCr(f),VTr(f) the calibration body echo electricity that radar receiver receives is indicated respectively
Pressure and measured target echo voltage.
The echo-signal that radar receives in practical rcs measurement is complex signal, and by checkout area background and various noises
Influence.Assuming that the echo-signal that radar receives when surveying target and measuring standard type is represented by：
ST(f)=T (f)+BT(f)+NT (6)
With
SC(f)=C (f)+BC(f)+NC (7)
In formula, ST(f) and SC(f) echo-signal that radar receives when indicating to survey target and measure standard type respectively；T (f) tables
Show the true echo of target；C (f) indicates the true echo of calibration body；BT(f) and BCWhen (f) indicating to survey target and measure standard type respectively
Background return；NTAnd NCIndicate influence of noise, and its mean value is E { NT}=E { NC}=0.Above-mentioned echo-signal is plural phase
Amount.
In actual target rcs measurement, generally by improving radar emission acc power, using floor field, reception
Machine improves measurement signal-to-noise ratio using technologies such as correlative accumulations so that influence of the noise to measurement can be ignored, following to have
Formula approximation is set up：
ST(f)=T (f)+BT(f) (8)
With
SC(f)=C (f)+BC(f) (9)
As it can be seen that backscatter is to influence the principal element of rcs measurement precision.To improve rcs measurement precision, generally calibrating
Middle to be handled using background phasor subtraction technique, the calibration equation of target scattering function is：
In formula (10), ST(f) and SC(f) echo when indicating to survey target and measure standard type respectively, including clutter background；BT
(f) and BC(f) echo when indicated respectively without placement measured target or calibration body, namely it is other by Metal pylon and checkout area
The clutter background that angle echo is constituted；For target scattering function (namely multiple RCS, be the amount for needing to measure and calibrate)；It is the known quantity that can be calculated by accurate Theory for the scattering function of calibration body.
Therefore, offsetting the target rcs measurement calibration equation handled with background is：
It is same at same distance using being placed on when measuring standard type and survey target in the RCS checkout areas of most interiors
It is completed on holder, surveys background return B when target at this timeT(f) and measure standard type when background return BC(f) it is identical, BT
(f)=BC(f)=B (f), therefore have：
Therefore, according to formula (12), in order to complete, background is offset and RCS calibrations processing, the basic step of rcs measurement are as follows：
Step -1：t1Moment measures comprising the target area background return B (f) being used to support including the Metal pylon of target；
Step -2：t2Moment installs calibration body, measures calibration body echo SC(f)；
Step -3：t3Moment, installation targets measure target echo ST(f)；
Step -4：Background phasor is carried out according to formula (12) to subtract each other and target RCS calibrations processing.
For the RCS checkout areas using metallic support, being equipped at the top of general objectives holder enables testee to complete
The turntable of 360 ° of orientation rotations is surveying target or it is hidden in the intraperitoneal of testee when calibration body, thus survey target or
Substantial effect will not be generated to the total echo of radar by turning the echo on top when calibration body.On the other hand, if to measure mesh is not installed
The background return of holder itself, needs to remove stage makeup and costume target or calibration body from holder when mark or calibration body, originally hiding at this time
Turn top then to reveal.Therefore, how to measure the background return B (f) of holder is the pass realized target RCS precise calibrations and measured
Key.
The background clutter being widely used in the world at present reduces and background subsidiary includes with extractive technique：
(1) it is designed by careful low scattering so that be much smaller than mesh in the scatter echo of interested measurement frequency range, holder
Mark scattering (general low 20dB or more).The RCS level of modern Stealthy Target can be down to -30dBsm or less, it means that it is required that institute
Its RCS level of the Metal pylon of design and manufacture will be less than -55dBsm, and in microwave frequency low side, it is impractical.
(2) the low scattering end cap for designing a subsidiary, when surveying background to cradle top when turning top as surveying target
Equally its " hiding " is got up with low scattering end cap, and thinks that the echo measured at this time is mainly fixed background clutter.But by
It is usually less than -35dBsm in metal target holder RCS level itself, to accurately measure the fixed background echo of Metal pylon,
The low 20dB or more of RCS level of low scattering end cap is generally required, namely reaches -55dBsm hereinafter, this is clearly unpractical.Cause
This, the main function of low scattering end cap is after installing low scattering end cap additional on holder to " low scattering end cap+mesh in the case of more
Background measurement is carried out under the conditions of mark holder ", to verify and ensure that the RCS level of Metal pylon is less than the thresholding that technical indicator gives
Value.Obviously, it is this using low scattering end cap directly measure obtained " background measurement " it is inaccurate, be only used for generally assessing
Ambient level generally cannot be directly used to background counteracting processing.
(3) background aided measurement device is used, such as low scattering carrier, the eccentric cylinder etc. that can be translated, passes through auxiliary
It measures and signal processing completes background extracting and subsequent background counteracting processing.
(a) prior art -1：Using the object translated on holder as background subsidiary body
The technology installs a subsidiary carrier that itself can be moved with anterior-posterior translation in cantilever tip, as shown in Figure 2.
(referring to D.P.Morgan, " RCS Target Support Background Determination Using a in test
Translating Test Body, " Proc.AMTA 1996, pp.15-17.), by controlling carrier anterior-posterior translation movement,
And radar return amplitude and phase are recorded, for subsequent processing to extract background return.
The shortcomings that prior art -1：Using this auxiliary device major defect there are two, first, the auxiliary device cannot
It takes into account and is calibrated for RCS；Second is that needing to design special arrangement driving subsidiary carrier progress anterior-posterior translation, for large-scale target
RCS checkout areas, due to target turn top size it is very big, and measure in need turn top hide in carrier, therefore it is required that designed
Subsidiary carrier dimensions it is inevitable very big.In addition, the distance that carrier required by background extracting subsidiary translates is proportional to thunder
Up to wavelength.Frequency is lower, and wavelength is longer, and the distance range to be translated is bigger.The practical application of the technology is limited as a result,
System.
(b) prior art -2：Using eccentric cylinder as calibration body and background subsidiary body
Document (L.A.Muth, C.M.Wang, and T.Conn, " Robust Separation of Background
and Target Signals in Radar Cross Section Measurements,”IEEE
Trans.Instrum.Meas., Vol.54, No.6,2005, pp.2462-2468.) for the disadvantage present in technology -1, it carries
A kind of substitute technology is gone out, i.e., subsidiary and background extracting has been carried out using eccentric cylinder, as shown in Figure 3.In test, lead to
Cross turn heading tape move eccentric cylinder make azimuth rotational motion.Due to being looked over from radar line of sight, under any corner outside the projection of cylinder
Shape is constant, and scattering amplitude is constant, but because cylinder is eccentrically mounted on turn top of holder, this is equivalent to sees in radar
Come, there are a kind of equivalent translational motions, therefore it is the same compared with technology -1 to the extraction process method of background return.
The shortcomings that prior art -2：Being avoided using the technology of eccentric cylinder progress subsidiary and background extracting makes load
The requirement of body translation, but there is also following distinct disadvantages for the technology：
Meet following formula in the RCS level of high frequency region, upright metal cylinder itself：
σ (f)=kah2 (13)
In formula,For wave number, c is spread speed, and f is radar frequency；A is the radius of cylinder；H is circle
The height of cylinder.
When carrying out rcs measurement to large-scale target, usually require that low Scattering Targets holder and target turn to bear responsibility weight very greatly,
The size that this causes target to turn top is very big.Since the eccentric cylinder for background subsidiary must be buried wherein by turn top,
The holder background condition under real goal measuring condition could be simulated and measured, at this time required eccentric cylinder size
It will be very big.And the theoretical RCS values of cylinder and cylinder radius, cylinder height it is square directly proportional, be unfavorable for background measure with
Extraction.For example, when target turn top size reaches diameter 1m, high 0.5m, if it is desired to complete the minimum radar frequency of accurate rcs measurement
Rate 1GHz, then required eccentric cylinder diameter be up to 1.2m or more, according to (13) formula, the RCS of eccentric cylinder itself at this time
Level is in 0dBsm (1m2) magnitude, and the RCS level of Metal pylon background is generally in -30dBsm (0.001m2) hereinafter, the two it
Between differ 3 orders of magnitude.At this point, according to the ambient level of eccentric cylinder assisted extraction holder, being equivalent to will be from measurement echo
In accurately extract one smaller than main echo 1000 times of small-signal, background extracting precision is difficult to ensure.
As it can be seen that according to (13) formula, the theoretical RCS values of this calibration body increase with frequency and are increased, and are unfavorable for background extracting
Subsidiary and processing.
(c) prior art -3：Using CAM calibration bodies as calibration body and background subsidiary body
Document (W.D.Wood, P.J.Collins, T.Conn, " The CAM RCS Dual-Cal Standard, "
Proc.of the 25th Antenna Measurement Techniques Association Symposium,Irvine,
CA, 2003.) propose a kind of CAM calibration bodies, it is by the different and tangent perpendicular cylinder of two radiuses and with two cylinders
The closed geometry structure that the tangent plane of the arc surface of body collectively forms, detailed geometry are as shown in Figure 4.Since CAM is fixed
The special geometric shape of standard type, when CAM calibration bodies are made orientation rotation, single calibration body equivalent can be used as small column
(SC), 3 kinds of standard calibration bodies such as big cylinder (LC) and tablet (FP), therefore can be used for multiple calibration in rcs measurement and measure and handle.
In addition, as eccentric cylinder, if reasonable design, its large and small two cylinder scatterer in certain bearing range,
It can be used for background extracting subsidiary.
In high frequency region, the big cylinder of CAM calibration bodies and the theoretical RCS values of small column still use formula (10) to calculate, tablet
RCS is then square directly proportional to frequency.
The major defect of the prior art -3：CAM calibration bodies can be equivalent to small column, big cylinder peace plate, and totally 3 standards dissipate
Beam, thus can be used for multiple calibration and measure and handle.In addition to this, it is basic structure because its geometric shape is with cylinder and tablet
It builds, therefore has the shortcomings that the same every other of same cylinder.
(d) prior art -4：Using SCAM calibration bodies as calibration body and background subsidiary body
The present inventor and its partner are recently proposed a kind of new standard calibration body configuration design, which is to establish
On the basis of CAM calibration body configuration designs, can regarding the improvement to CAM shapes as, (Xu little Jian, Liu Yongze " are used for
The device design and its signal processing method of multiple calibration and background extracting in target rcs measurement, " number of patent application
CN201610237378.2,2016).Specifically, on the basis of CAM shapes, small column, big cylinder peace along CAM shapes
Plate face increases semicircle cambered surface in 360 ° omni-directional, and the wherein diameter of semicircle cambered surface is equal to the height of CAM calibration bodies.We claim this
One new shape is designed as spherical surface CAM (Spheroid CAM, be abbreviated as SCAM), and geometric shape is as shown in Figure 5.
In high frequency region, the RCS electricity of the large and small goalpost (orientation corresponding to the large and small cylinder of CAM calibration bodies) of SCAM calibration bodies
Divide equally and does not meet following formula：
In formula, σL(f) and σS(f) be respectively big goalpost and small goalpost RCS；A is the radius of big cylinder；B is small column
The radius of body；H is the height of SCAM calibration bodies, while being also the diameter of SCAM outer circle arc surfaces.
Compared with CAM, the advantages of SCAM calibration bodies, is：It is respectively in 3 equivalence margin bodies of high frequency region, CAM calibration bodies
Cylinder and tablet, RCS are increased with frequency and are quickly increased；And the RCS of the large and small goalpost of SCAM calibration bodies is not with radar frequency
Rate changes；The maximum RCS and radius of SCAM calibration bodies both sides (CAM tablets direction) cylinder are the RCS of the cylinder of h/2 at just
Than.This RCS level characteristic not with frequency change of SCAM is conducive to improve rcs measurement calibration precision；Although generally
The size of the geometric shape size ratio CAM of SCAM is big, but on three equivalence margin body directions, the RCS values of SCAM are respectively less than CAM
RCS values.In fact, SCAM calibration bodies are below the RCS level of CAM calibration bodies in its comprehensive upper average RCS level.
This low RCS level natures of SCAM are advantageously used as background subsidiary body.But for full-scale target
RCS checkout areas, since its Metal pylon and turn top size are big, it is desirable that the size of SCAM is also big, can still cause subsidiary body
The case where RCS level is higher by tens of dB than ambient level, background extracting precision at this time are difficult to ensure.
(e) prior art -5：Using low scattering end cap as background subsidiary body
The present inventor it is proposed that a kind of directly using low scattering end cap as background subsidiary body, and then by signal at
Reason obtains background estimating value and completes the method (bibliography that background offsets processing：Xu X.J.,"A background and
target signal separation technique for exact RCS measurement,"Int.Conf.on
Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications(ICEAA),pp.891-894,Sep.2012.).It is basic
Principle is as follows：
No matter for calibration body or target measurement, echo-signal can be collectively expressed as：
V (f, θ)=S (f, θ)+B (f) (16)
S (f, θ) is the scatter echo signal of target or calibration body in formula, and B (f) indicates fixed background signal.
Assuming that target scattering function is f (x, y), or f (r, φ), the rotation that instrumentation radar receives are expressed as under polar coordinates
Turn target echo signal to be represented by：
In formulaFor radar wavelength；L is the full-size of target；R0For radar between target rotation center away from
From；R indicates any one scattering point on radar to targetThe distance between, have：
For far-field measurement, have：
Formula (17) and (19) are combined, had：
In formulaFor imaginary number；
With
For the same phase (I) and quadrature phase (Q) component of target scattering echo-signal.
It is apparent from, for given radar frequency f or wavelength X, if surveyed target is the target of electrically large sizes, i.e. L > > λ,
BecauseHave：
In formulaIndicate azimuthal θ ∈ [0,2 π) mathematic expectaion.
Therefore,
Above formula is taught that：As long as at turntable center measured target be not present important scattering center, i.e. f (0,0)=
0, then azimuth averaging is asked by I, the Q component to echo-signal, fixed background signal component can be directly obtained.And low scattering end cap
The design general satisfaction condition, therefore can be used as background extracting subsidiary body.
The major defect of the prior art -5 is：Since background extracting is to be averaging to obtain along orientation to low scattering end cap
, there are the influences of subsidiary body scatter echo itself in the background signal extracted.Particularly, for low scattering end cap this
Class scatterer, lateral RCS level is higher, can be higher by background noise level 50dB or more, can seriously affect background survey at this time
The precision of amount and extraction, and then influence the validity that background offsets processing.
Invention content
Present invention seek to address that following technical problem：In low detectable target rcs measurement, using low scattering end cap etc. one
Type objects, even directly use measured target itself be used as background subsidiary body when, how to eliminate subsidiary body itself
Scatter echo improves background extracting precision for the adverse effect of the background clutter extracted.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Traditional carries out setting out substantially for background clutter measurement using the subsidiaries body such as metal eccentric cylinder, CAM, SCAM
Point is that the subsidiary body to making orientation rotation measures, and design makes subsidiary volume scattering echo width in rotary course
Degree does not change with corner, and only phase changes with orientation rotation.In this way, scattering amplitude and phase can be extracted by signal processing
Position is not with the fixed background clutter of Orientation differences, also referred to as zero Doppler's clutter (ZDC).
The present invention is based on a kind of entirely different technical thoughts, that is, utilize subsidiary volume scattering echo amplitude and phase with
Azimuth quickly changes thus makees average treatment, mathematical expectation zero in certain azimuth coverage, and fixed background is miscellaneous
Wave is because with the characteristic changed due to orientation rotation measures, its mathematical expectation is constant is not made with subsidiary body, proposing a kind of
The time-domain processing method of background clutter extraction is fixed based on Maximum Probability Principle.
It is used as the low scattering end cap of subsidiary body, is typically designed as being similar to low scattering shape shown in fig. 6, dissipate
It penetrates and is characterized in：When radar wave along its nose cone to or Caudad irradiate when, it is low scattering end cap scatter echo mostly come from both ends point
The scattering on top, this scattering have very low scattering level, generally below the scattering level of Metal pylon background or at least same
One magnitude；When radar wave is along lateral irradiation, scatter echo then mostlys come from the mirror-reflection of side, and scattering at this time can
Holder ambient level can be far above.
Therefore, in time domain (namely radial distance-orientation angular domain), the high resolution range profile of such low scattering end cap is with side
The characteristic of parallactic angle variation has variation characteristic shown in Fig. 7.For the low scattering end cap as background extracting subsidiary body
Above-mentioned time domain scattering properties can be designed that using the progress orientation rotation measurement of such subsidiary body, and from measurement data
The time-domain processing method of fixed background signal is extracted, namely the background based on Maximum Probability Principle measures and extraction Time Domain Processing
Method.
Background based on maximum probability is measured is utilized low scattering end cap one kind subsidiary with extraction time-domain processing method
The frequency of its scatter echo of body-orientation angular domain variation characteristic and its one-dimensional High Range Resolution (HRRP) are special with the variation in orientation
Property.
Formula (21) and (22) are rewritten as follows：
With
In formula：
Since under most of azimuths in addition to lateral scattering, the echo level of low scattering end cap is than fixing bracket background
Scattering level it is low or magnitude is suitable, and the length of low scattering end cap, usually up to several meters of even 10m or more, scattering is main
Come from the scattering on both ends pinnacle, therefore, be apparent from by formula (27), for microwave frequency band (wavelength be centimetre~decimeter level), is returned
Wave phase is violent with the variation in orientation, according to formula (25)~(27), even if carrying out sliding window to data using small orientation window
Statistical average is handled, and mathematic expectaion also easily meets following formula：
In formulaExpression azimuth window is θk-Δ≤θ≤θkThe mathematic expectaion of all measurement data in+Δ, θk
Indicate that k-th of azimuth position, 2 Δs are indicated with θkCentered on, scatter echo data are done with the orientation sliding window width of average treatment.
Therefore, have：
Formula (29) shows that the scatterometry data of low scattering end cap one kind subsidiary body to making orientation rotation measurement are done
The estimated value of zero Doppler's clutter (ZDC) of fixed background generation can be obtained in orientation sliding window average treatment.
The major defect for obtaining ZDC estimated values using above-mentioned orientation slide window processing is：When the scattering level of subsidiary body
More much better than than fixed background noise level or subsidiary body strong scattering source deviate rotation center distance it is not remote enough when (example
Such as when instrumentation radar laterally irradiates low scattering end cap), obtained ZDC estimated values can be scattered by subsidiary body itself
Echo is remaining to be seriously affected, and ZDC estimated accuracies are affected.
According to formula (29), the subsidiary volume scattering data to making orientation rotation measurement do orientation sliding window average treatment
Afterwards, what is obtained is the ZDC estimated values of fixed background with the variable quantity of frequency and orientation.And theoretically, fixed background is scattered back
Wave is not with azimuthal variation.Therefore, ZDC estimated values are mainly caused by following two signal components with the variable quantity in orientation：
(1) after sliding window average treatment subsidiary volume scattering signal residual components；(2) with orientation between subsidiary body-Metal pylon
The coupling scattering component of variation.
In order to eliminate the influence of both signal components true ZDC estimation, the present invention proposes a kind of based on maximum probability
Background is measured to be discussed below with extraction time-domain processing method, basic principle：
Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms (IFFT) are made to formula (29) both ends, and according to the linear transformation characteristic of IFFT, are had：
Namely：
In formula, v (t, θ)=IFFT (V (f, θ)), s (t, θ)=IFFT (S (f, θ)), b (t)=IFFT (B (f)), respectively
It represents with " subsidiary body+holder " HRRP of the Orientation differences and HRRP of subsidiary body and not consolidating with Orientation differences
Determine the HRRP of background clutter.
It notices for any azimuth, if there are subsidiary volume scattering signal residual components and/or subsidiary bodies-
The influence of coupling scattering component between Metal pylon, i.e.,Then in time domain for given distance list
Member (is represented by t in time domaini) under, have：
Δ s (t in formulai, θ) and it indicates to couple between subsidiary volume scattering residual components and/or subsidiary body-Metal pylon
The influence of scattering component.
When Fig. 8 is shown using typical low scattering end cap as subsidiary body, the ZDC that is obtained by sliding window average treatment
With the characteristic of Orientation differences, wherein Fig. 8 (a) is data field (ZDC is with frequency-orientation) variation characteristic, Fig. 8 by estimation and its HRRP
(b) it is time-domain (ZDC is with radial distance-orientation) variation characteristic.Notice fixed background ZDC no matter in data field or time
Domain is not with Orientation differences.But it is evident from figure 8 that under certain azimuths, subsidiary volume scattering is remaining
Component and coupling scattering component cause ZDC estimations and seriously affect, this from Fig. 8 (b) ZDC-HRRP with orientation variation
It can be clearly seen in characteristic.It is influenced to eliminate this error, what the present invention was proposed using shown in Fig. 9 based on maximum probability
The step of Time Domain Processing flow, fundamental measurement is with background clutter extraction process, is as follows：
Step -1：The comprehensive RCS width phase data of subsidiary body obtains
In the state that the subsidiaries bodies such as low scattering end cap are installed on Metal pylon turn top above, to low scattering end cap etc. one
Class subsidiary body makees 360 ° omni-directional wheel measuring, the narrowband or Wide band scattering echo amplitude under acquisition different orientations and phase
Position data, to obtain the mixing echo wide-band width measurement sample of " subsidiary body+Metal pylon ", referred to as " comprehensive rcs measurement
Original width phase data ".
Step -2：Data field ZDC estimations
For each measurement frequency point in " the comprehensive original width phase data of rcs measurement ", the orientation window of one fixed width is selected
Orientation sliding window average treatment is done, the ZDC estimations under each orientation, including amplitude Estimation and phase estimation value are obtained.
Step -3：The HRRP of ZDC estimations is calculated
ZDC width phase datas under each orientation obtained to orientation sliding window average treatment make fast adverse Fourier transform
(IFFT), the HRRP namely time domain ZDC estimations that ZDC estimates under each azimuth are obtained, ZDC-HRRP, including amplitude are abbreviated as
And phase.
Step -4：Maximum probability amplitude and maximum probability phase calculation
By probability statistics histogram treatment, the full side of amplitude and phase estimation under each range cells of ZDC-HRRP is sought
Position statistic：Maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti), i=1,2 ..., Nt, wherein NtIt indicates
The range cell number of ZDC-HRRP.
Step -5：Time domain threshold processing based on maximum probability statistic
According to above-mentioned maximum probability amplitude and the phase statistic setting amplitude threshold factor and the Phase Threshold factor, for every
The ZDC-HRRP amplitudes and phase estimation of a range cell and each orientation complete threshold processing, i.e.,：If active cell
ZDC-HRRP amplitudes or phase estimation and maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti) between difference
More than threshold value, then the ZDC-HRRP at this estimates to use maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti) value
It replaces.In this way, obtaining the high score of the final ZDC-HRRP estimated values namely fixed background clutter under each range cell and orientation
Resolution Range Profile estimated value.
Step -6：The processing of time domain background subtracting
Subtract each other as phasor between the ZDC-HRRP time domains estimation of HRRP and background clutter to raw measurement data, is carried on the back
Target echo time domain data after scape counteracting.
Step -7：Time domain is converted to data field
Time domain data after being offset to background makees one-dimensional FFT, obtains the data numeric field data of target echo after background is offset,
I.e. target RCS amplitude-phases can be used for follow-up various processing with the data of frequency and Orientation differences.
The processing sequence of above-mentioned steps -6 and step -7 can also carry out in turn, i.e., first by ZDC-HRRP data through one-dimensional
FFT transform makees background subtracting processing to raw measurement data to data field ZDC, then directly in data field.
The present invention important technical advantage be：
(1) proposed by the invention based on Maximum Probability Principle, it is surveyed from the RCS of a kind of subsidiary bodies such as low scattering end cap
The time domain processing method that background signal is extracted in amount, can obtain " maximum probability " possibility predication of background signal, eliminate and pass
Influence of the subsidiary volume scattering signal residual components to background signal valuation during the ZDC that unites estimates, improves ZDC estimated accuracies.
(2) proposed by the invention based on Maximum Probability Principle, it is surveyed from the RCS of a kind of subsidiary bodies such as low scattering end cap
The time domain processing method of background signal is extracted in amount, it is remaining due to eliminating subsidiary volume scattering signal in estimating in ZDC
Component when obtained ZDC estimations offset processing for background, can preferably avoid offsetting processing to real goal because of background
The influence of signal.
(3) proposed by the invention based on Maximum Probability Principle, it is surveyed from the RCS of a kind of subsidiary bodies such as low scattering end cap
The data field processing method of background signal is extracted in amount, threshold processing is realized for ZDC-HRRP in time-domain, therefore
Threshold processing criterion can be not limited to use " maximum probability " criterion.For example, for not only there is fixed clutter but also there are subsidiaries
The range cell that body and coupling scattering influence, is handled using " maximum probability "；For special with the variation in orientation by ZDC-HRRP
Property in may determine that certain specific range units there is no fixed background clutter and only include subsidiary body residue signal point
When amount, software may be used apart from gate technique to ZDC-HRRP processing, to make the residue signal in these range cells
Thoroughly eliminated.
(4) proposed by the invention based on Maximum Probability Principle, it is surveyed from the RCS of a kind of subsidiary bodies such as low scattering end cap
The time domain processing method that background signal is extracted in amount is not limited to the rcs measurement only to low scattering end cap as subsidiary body
Data carry out background extracting and counteracting processing.In principle, as long as any measured target its scattering properties satisfaction is not deposited in the areas Zhuan Ding
In notable scattering source, then it is used equally for background extracting and counteracting to handle with the measurement data of orientation rotation.Therefore, the present invention is real
The maximum probability background extracting of a kind of general " background estimating is exported by target measurement " and the side for offsetting processing are proposed in matter
Method.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is target rcs measurement geometrical relationship schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the translatable carrier schematic diagram for background extracting subsidiary；
Fig. 3 is the eccentric cylinder schematic diagram for background extracting subsidiary；Wherein, Fig. 3 (a) is low Scattering Targets branch
Frame and a turn top；Fig. 3 (b) is mating eccentric cylinder；
Fig. 4 is the geometry schematic diagram of CAM calibration bodies；Wherein, Fig. 4 (a) is the 3D moulding of CAM calibration bodies；Fig. 4 (b)
For the transverse cross-sectional view of CAM calibration bodies；
Fig. 5 is the geometry schematic diagram of SCAM calibration bodies；Wherein, Fig. 5 (a) is the 3D moulding of SCAM calibration bodies；Fig. 5
(b) it is the transverse cross-sectional view of SCAM calibration bodies；
Fig. 6 is typical low scattering end cap class subsidiary body appearance schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is the high resolution range profile of " subsidiary body+Metal pylon " with the characteristic schematic diagram of azimuthal variation；
Fig. 8 is that the ZDC obtained using sliding window average treatment estimates schematic diagram, wherein Fig. 8 (a) be ZDC estimate with frequency and
Orientation differences characteristic, the HRRP that Fig. 8 (b) is the ZDC obtained through inverse Fourier transform is with the variation characteristic schematic diagram in orientation；
Fig. 9 is that the background based on maximum probability measures and extraction Time Domain Processing flow chart；
Figure 10 is to obtain ZDC estimations using the background extracting Time Domain Processing based on maximum probability, and wherein Figure 10 (a) is ZDC
HRRP with the variation characteristic in orientation, Figure 10 (b) is that fast fourier transformed obtained ZDC estimates with frequency and Orientation differences
Characteristic schematic diagram；
Figure 11 is to carry out the target RCS amplitudes obtained after background subtracting using tradition ZDC estimations with frequency and azimuth to become
Change characteristic schematic diagram；
Figure 12 is using the target RCS width for based on maximum probability data domain processing ZDC estimations obtain after background subtracting
Degree is with frequency and azimuthal variation characteristic schematic diagram；
Figure 13 is characteristic schematic diagram of the target high-resolution Range Profile with Orientation differences, wherein：Figure 13 (a) offsets for background
Preceding result；Figure 13 (b) is result after being offset using tradition ZDC estimation backgrounds；Figure 13 (c) is to handle ZDC using maximum probability to estimate
Count result after background is offset.
Specific implementation mode
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation mode further illustrates the present invention.
The most general of background subsidiary, background extracting and counteracting is completed using a kind of subsidiary body such as low scattering end cap
The specific implementation step of rate time-domain processing method is as follows：
Step -1：The original width phase data of comprehensive rcs measurement of subsidiary body obtains
It is auxiliary to low scattering end cap etc. in the state that the subsidiaries bodies such as low scattering end cap are installed on Metal pylon turn top above
It helps measurement body to make 360 ° omni-directional wheel measuring, obtains narrowband or Wide band scattering echo data under different orientations, to
To the mixing echo wide-band width measurement sample of " subsidiary body+Metal pylon ", referred to as " the comprehensive original width number of phases of rcs measurement
According to ".
Remember that " the comprehensive original width phase data of rcs measurement " is V (fi,θk), i=1,2 ..., Nf；K=1,2 ..., Na,
Middle V (fi,θk) indicate i-th of frequency point, k-th orientation width phase data, Nf,NaFrequency and azimuth sample points are indicated respectively.
The RCS amplitudes of " subsidiary body+Metal pylon " are as shown in Figure 7 with frequency and Orientation differences characteristic.
Step -2：ZDC estimates
For each measurement frequency point of wide-band width measurement, the orientation window of one fixed width is selected to do orientation sliding window average treatment,
Obtain the ZDC estimations under each orientation.
Remember that the ZDC estimated values under each frequency point and orientation areI=1,2 ..., Nf；K=1,2 ..., Na,
InIt indicates i-th of the frequency point obtained after slide window processing, k-th of orientation, include subsidiary volume scattering residual echo
The ZDC estimated values of influence,
Wherein Δ s (fi,θk) it is residual echo,ZDC amplitudes and phase estimation value are indicated respectively.
The typical ZDC estimations that traditional orientation slide window processing method obtains are used as shown in figure 8, wherein Fig. 8 (a) is data field
As a result (ZDC estimates the variation characteristic with frequency and orientation), Fig. 8 (b) are that (ZDC-HRRP is with radial distance and side for time field result
The variation characteristic of position).
As can be seen from Fig. 8, lateral in the low scattering end cap as subsidiary body no matter in data field or time-domain
(- 90 ° and 90 ° of orientation near zone), it is very serious to measure influence of the residual scatter echo of body to ZDC, but in comprehensive model
In enclosing, residue signal influences the sub-fraction that serious region only accounts for 360 ° omni-directional, so that passing through " maximum probability " door
Δ s (f are eliminated in limit processingi,θk) influence be possibly realized.
Step -3：The HRRP of ZDC estimations is calculated
ZDC width phase datas under each orientation obtained to orientation sliding window average treatment make fast adverse Fourier transform
(IFFT), the HRRP that ZDC estimates under each azimuth, including HRRP amplitudes and phase are obtained.
Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms (IFFT) are made along frequency dimension to formula (33) both ends, and according to the linear transformation of IFFT spy
Property, have：
In formula,Δ s (t, θ)=IFFT (Δ S (f, θ)), b (t)=IFFT (B (f)), point
It does not represent with " subsidiary body+holder " HRRP of Orientation differences and the HRRP of subsidiary body and not with Orientation differences
The HRRP of fixed background clutter；I=1,2 ..., Nt,NtFor the points namely radial distance unit number of IFFT；K=1,
2,...,Na, NaIt counts for azimuth sample.
For giving range cell tiWith given azimuth angle thetak, have：
Δ s (t in formulai, θ) and it indicates to couple between subsidiary volume scattering residual components and/or subsidiary body-Metal pylon
The influence of scattering component,Indicate time domain ZDC-HRRP in given range cell tiAnd azimuth angle thetakUnder width
Degree and phase.
Step -4：Maximum probability amplitude and maximum probability phase calculation
By probability statistics histogram treatment, the full side of amplitude and phase estimation under each range cells of ZDC-HRRP is sought
Position statistic：Maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti), i=1,2 ..., Nt, wherein NtIt indicates
The range cell number of HRRP.
Step -5：Threshold processing based on maximum probability statistic
Amplitude threshold factor-alpha is set according to above-mentioned maximum probability statisticA1, αA2With Phase Threshold factor-alphaφ1, αφ2。
For the ZDC-HRRP amplitudes and phase estimation of each range cell and each orientation, following threshold processing is completed：
I.e.：If the ZDC-HRRP amplitudes or phase estimation of active cell and maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and most probably
Rate phasepmax(ti) between difference be more than threshold value, then at this ZDC-HRRP estimation use maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti)
With maximum probability phasepmax(ti) value replacement.In this way, obtaining the final ZDC-HRRP estimations under each range cell and orientation
The high resolution range profile estimated value of value namely fixed background clutter.In this way, obtaining the final ZDC under each frequency point and orientation
The estimated value of estimated value namely fixed background clutter：
The ZDC estimations obtained using the background extracting Time Domain Processing based on maximum probability are as shown in Figure 10.By exceeding
Its amplitude of data point and phase value for setting thresholding are replaced by maximum probability amplitude-phase statistic, therefore residue signal Δ s
(ti,θk) influence for ZDC estimators is eliminated.
Figure 10 (a) shows the ZDC-HRRP estimations obtained through maximum probability time domain threshold processing.As it can be seen that subsidiary body
Residue signal influence to be inhibited significantly.
Step -6：ZDC data fields estimation based on maximum probability
Make Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) for the ZDC-HRRP under each orientation after maximum probability threshold processing, obtains
The data field amplitude and phase estimation of ZDC under to each azimuth.
After Figure 10 (b) is shown by making Fourier transform to the ZDC-HRRP obtained through maximum probability time domain threshold processing
ZDC data fields are estimated.As it can be seen that in data field, the residue signal influence of subsidiary body is similarly inhibited significantly.
Step -7：Background subtracting processing
Raw measurement data V (fi,θk) and fixed background clutter estimated data B (fi,θk) between subtract each other as phasor, obtain
Target echo data after background counteracting：
S(fi,θk)=V (fi,θk)-B(fi,θk) (40)
Obtained result is the target echo data after background is offset, and can be used for subsequent various signal processings.
Figure 11 is to carry out the target RCS amplitudes obtained after background subtracting using tradition ZDC estimations with frequency and azimuth to become
Change characteristic schematic diagram.Figure 12 is using the target for based on the processing ZDC estimations of maximum probability time-domain obtain after background subtracting
RCS amplitudes are with frequency and azimuthal variation characteristic schematic diagram.
Figure 13 is the characteristic of the target high-resolution Range Profile that is obtained through Inverse Fast Fourier Transforms with Orientation differences, wherein
Figure 13 (a) is that background counteracting is preceding as a result, Figure 13 (b) is after using tradition ZDC to estimate background counteracting as a result, Figure 13 (c) is use
Maximum probability handles result after ZDC estimation backgrounds are offset.
From Figure 13, it is apparent that using tradition ZDC estimations, the high resolution range profile that background obtains after offsetting makes
Partial target scattering component is distorted, such as 1~6 elliptic region is indicated in Figure 13 (b), there is distortion compared with Figure 13 (a).And
After the ZDC estimations handled using data field maximum probability are offset for background, since all frequency points of data field carry out
Maximum probability threshold processing eliminates target residual component in ZDC estimations, therefore remains target scattering signal, example well
Such as the elliptic region of mark 1~6 in Figure 13 (c), compared with Figure 13 (a), target scattering component is retained.
Claims (5)
1. the maximum probability time-domain processing method of background extracting and counteracting in a kind of target rcs measurement, it is characterised in that：This method
Include the following steps：
Step -1：The comprehensive RCS width phase data of subsidiary body obtains
In the state that subsidiary body is installed on Metal pylon turn top above, 360 ° omni-directional rotation is made to subsidiary body and is surveyed
It measures, the narrowband or Wide band scattering echo amplitude under acquisition different orientations and phase data, to obtain " subsidiary body+mesh
The mixing echo wide-band width measurement sample of mark holder ", referred to as " the comprehensive original width phase data of rcs measurement "；
Step -2：Data field ZDC estimations
For each measurement frequency point in " the comprehensive original width phase data of rcs measurement ", the orientation window side of doing of one fixed width is selected
Position sliding window average treatment obtains the ZDC estimations under each orientation, including amplitude Estimation and phase estimation value；
Step -3：The HRRP of ZDC estimations is calculated
ZDC width phase datas under each orientation obtained to orientation sliding window average treatment make fast adverse Fourier transform (IFFT),
The HRRP namely time domain ZDC estimations that ZDC estimates under each azimuth are obtained, ZDC-HRRP, including amplitude and phase are abbreviated as；
Step -4：Maximum probability amplitude and maximum probability phase calculation
By probability statistics histogram treatment, the comprehensive system of amplitude and phase estimation under each range cells of ZDC-HRRP is sought
Metering：Maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti), i=1,2 ..., Nt, wherein NtIndicate ZDC-
The range cell number of HRRP；
Step -5：Time domain threshold processing based on maximum probability statistic
According to above-mentioned maximum probability amplitude and the phase statistic setting amplitude threshold factor and Phase Threshold factor, for it is each away from
ZDC-HRRP amplitudes and phase estimation from unit and each orientation complete threshold processing, i.e.,：If the ZDC- of active cell
HRRP amplitudes or phase estimation and maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti) between difference be more than
Threshold value, then at this ZDC-HRRP estimation use maximum probability amplitude Apmax(ti) and maximum probability phasepmax(ti) value replaces
It changes, in this way, obtaining the high-resolution of the final ZDC-HRRP estimated values namely fixed background clutter under each range cell and orientation
Rate Range Profile estimated value；
Step -6：The processing of time domain background subtracting
Subtract each other as phasor between the ZDC-HRRP time domains estimation of HRRP and background clutter to raw measurement data, obtains background and support
Target echo time domain data after disappearing；
Step -7：Time domain is converted to data field
Time domain data after being offset to background makees one-dimensional FFT, obtains the data numeric field data namely mesh of target echo after background is offset
Data of the RCS amplitude-phases with frequency and Orientation differences are marked, follow-up various processing are can be used for.
2. the maximum probability Time Domain Processing side of background extracting and counteracting in a kind of target rcs measurement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：The processing sequence of above-mentioned steps -6 and step -7 can also carry out in turn, i.e., first pass through ZDC-HRRP data
One-dimensional FFT transform makees background subtracting processing to raw measurement data to data field ZDC, then directly in data field.
3. the maximum probability Time Domain Processing side of background extracting and counteracting in a kind of target rcs measurement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：Subsidiary body be specially low scattering end cap, eccentric cylinder, eccentric spherical cylinder, CAM calibration bodies,
SCAM calibration bodies or measured target itself.
4. the maximum probability Time Domain Processing side of background extracting and counteracting in a kind of target rcs measurement according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that：In step -1, the comprehensive RCS width phase data of subsidiary body, which obtains, can also use non-360-degree comprehensive
Wheel measuring replaces, in the case, then at the histogram that can again take statistics to the acquired ZDC estimated datas with Orientation differences
Reason, seeks " maximum probability " amplitude and phase statistic, as not with the final ZDC amplitudes and phase estimation amount of Orientation differences.
5. the maximum probability Time Domain Processing side of background extracting and counteracting in a kind of target rcs measurement according to claim 4
Method, it is characterised in that：When for subsidiary body be measured as non-360-degree all-directional rotation measure when, in -6 background subtracting of step
In processing, using the final ZDC amplitudes and phase estimation amount, handled for background counteracting.
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| CN110441745B (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2021-04-30 | 北京环境特性研究所 | Method and system for overlooking and measuring target RCS (radar cross section) based on broadband radar |
| CN110501682B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-07-27 | 北京润科通用技术有限公司 | Method for measuring target azimuth angle by vehicle-mounted radar and vehicle-mounted radar |
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