CN106284189A - The evaluation method of karst area spring water volume based on history flood information - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses the evaluation method of a kind of karst area spring water volume based on history flood information, the process employs a kind of wide on-swimmer's pool bearing pipe model structure, this model include for simulated precipitation the water tank (1) being provided with valve (2) and be located at water tank (1) lower section for simulating the wide on-swimmer's pool (3) of karst depression, wide one, lower section of on-swimmer's pool (3) karst (5) is through black box (7), and the spring water (6) of the side water outlet formation simulation at black box (7)；In model, water valve (2) discharges water with low discharge, and the hydraulic gradient change controlling flow velocity in karst (5) is the least, and its discharge capacity reaches capacity, and the spring water (6) being in pipe outlet exists a peak flow.The peak flow of Karst Springs is estimated finally by formula.The present invention analyzes and researches the input of karst pandect and output condition, using complicated underground karst pipeline as black box, puts into quantities little, calculates simplicity, and accuracy is preferable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to hydrogeology field, the present invention relates to a kind of karst area based on history flood information spring water stream
The evaluation method of amount.
Background technology
Karst Springs flow typically obtains discharge process data by long-term observation, but for most of Karst Springs,
Being difficult to the observation of planned long time scientific, its peak flow is mayed come by something with luck, but not by searching for it especially.If research is found out by inquiry
The Source Of Supply of Karst Springs, karst feature or had the long-term observation data of spring water, can by setting up the hydrology
The flow of spring water is estimated or predicts by geological model or empirical model.The thesis for the doctorate of Nanjing University Chang Yong " crack-
The Karst Springs hydrologic process of pipeline diadactic structure is analyzed and model " in systematically discussed existing Karst Fissures-pipeline water flow
Theory analysis analogue technique.But, the analogue technique in paper is the most complicated, is more research Karst Fissures-tubing pair
Answer overall process feature and the hydraulics characteristic of crack-tubing of spring water volume.In general the karst of Karst Springs
Feature is difficult to find out, so many spring water volume computation models used now or rest on theoretical research stage,
Investigation and prospecting put into big, and the parameter that need to provide is difficult to obtain, and practicality is poor.
Spring water is the natural resources of a kind of preciousness, is on the one hand the important resource of water supply of industrial or agricultural and resident living, simultaneously
Its natural landscape and history culture intension are again the tourist resources of a kind of preciousness.Along with substantial amounts of exploiting groundwater, densely populated
The spring water in district has cutout and exhausted trend more, the most typically pays close attention to the perennial stream flow of spring water or withered phase flow.But, cruelly
Under the conditions of rain, spring water volume explodes, and gushs suddenly in the short time, and drainage difficulty also will bring certain natural disaster, special
It not pipeline or the underground river outlet of karst area, it would be desirable to study its flow, particularly peak flow, carry for design of flood control
For necessary data supporting.
The geological characteristics of karst area makes the peak flow estimating spring water become with the recharge of ground water, runoff and excretion feature
For may, can cause disaster information by visiting and investigating collection history heavy rain and depression waterlogging, through geological analysis with calculate really
Its peak flow fixed.
Therefore, design a kind of karst depression based on history flood information-tubing spring water peak flow investigation and estimate
Calculation method is a need for.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the evaluation method of a kind of karst area spring water volume based on history flood information, with gram
Take the deficiencies in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved by following technical solution.
The present invention first passes through geologic survey, substantially investigates thoroughly the Karst Hydrogeological Conditions of research Karst Springs, according to rock
Molten depression history waterlogging information, and depression-pipeline-spring water relation karst depression-tubing is generalized as wide on-swimmer's pool-
Bearing pipe model, this model include for simulated precipitation set valvular water tank and be located at below water tank for simulating rock
The wide on-swimmer's pool in molten depression, below wide on-swimmer's pool, a karst is through black box, and in the side water outlet formation simulation of black box
Spring water.
In model, water valve discharges water with low discharge, and karst meets dewatering needs, in hydrops will not occurring in karst depression
Flood, the flow of spring water fluctuates with rainfall increase and decrease；When precipitation reaches to a certain degree, exceed the discharge capacity of karst, rock
By water-retention, there is waterlogging in molten depression；The hydraulic gradient change controlling flow velocity in karst is the least, and pipeline is filled, and belongs to
In bearing pipe, its discharge capacity reaches capacity, and the spring water being in pipe outlet exists a peak flow.
Wherein, the water yield in water tank puts into karst depression by water valve, the infiltration of ground surface after the heavy rain of reflection and domatic remittance
There is peak load shifting effect in stream Process on Heavy Rain, the current entering karst depression are relatively uniform；Flood be there is also by karst depression
One pondage capacity；Assuming that the water yield that heavy rain produces is drained within the karst depression waterlogging time substantially, spring water is in relatively stable
Peak flow state, i.e. can be estimated the peak flow of Karst Springs by formula, for preventing spring water from overflowing offer
Design discharge data accurately；
In formula:
Q is spring water peak flow, unit m3/s；
PxIt is the storm intensity under x for frequency, unit m/h；
T is duration of storm, unit h；
A is spring territory area, unit m2；
T is the depression waterlogging persistent period, unit h；
α is water yield regulation coefficient, for the ratio of spring water big flow excretion Yu precipitation, stores stagnant with evaporation, the underground space
It is correlated with Deng Elements Of Expense, 0 < α < 1, rainfall is the biggest closer to 1；
β is the assignment of traffic coefficient of each branch spring water, can be according to the flow proportional estimation surveying daily spring water.
The present invention can be used for estimating karst depression-tubing spring water peak flow, it is only necessary to goes through with collection by inquiry
History precipitation and karst depression waterlogging cause disaster data, and macroscopical hydrogeologic condition of investigation spring water, emphasis is at rock of analyzing and researching
The input of molten spring water and output condition, using complicated underground karst pipeline as black box, it is to avoid put into big energy and go to study it
Microscopic feature.Input quantities is little, calculates simplicity, and accuracy is preferable.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is wide on-swimmer's pool-bearing pipe model structure schematic diagram that the present invention uses；
Fig. 2 is the karst depression-tubing geologic survey flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is that the karst depression-tubing spring water peak flow of the present invention calculates flow chart；
Fig. 4 is the S4 spring water volume trendgram in embodiment 1.
In figure: 1-water tank, 2-water valve, 3-width on-swimmer's pool, the hydrops of 4-karst depression, 5-karst, 6-spring water, 7-is black
Case.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As it is shown in figure 1, this model that the present invention uses includes for the water tank 1 being provided with valve 2 of simulated precipitation and sets
The wide on-swimmer's pool 3 for simulating karst depression below water tank 1, forms the hydrops of karst depression after water-filling in wide on-swimmer's pool 3
4, below wide on-swimmer's pool 3, a karst 5 is through black box 7, and black box 7 karst 5 is difficult to find out, goes out in the side of black box 7
Water forms the spring water 6 of simulation.
Underground piping or solution crack structure are generally difficult to investigate thoroughly, be a black box, but can be by for researcher
Investigation place Main Geological Conditions and Karst Hydrogeological Conditions, relatively easily collect and investigate history rainfall intensity and rainfall
Time data, karst depression history waterlogging data, karst and Karst Springs, divide spring territory, investigates thoroughly boundary condition (collection rain face
Long-pending) and spring water branch outlet information, the flow process of geologic survey is shown in Fig. 2.
Karst Mountain surface vegetation is rare, cover layer is shallow, and ground precipitation infiltration rate is high, and infiltration capacity is big.Hollow for karst
On the one hand ground-tubing, ground precipitation permeates the ground solution crack, and Slope-Runoff the most finally imports depression, concentrates on karst pipe
Road, finally runoff or excretion outside system with subsoil water base flow or spring water form.Groundwater flow passage is usually solution crack
Or pipeline, meets withered phase or the runoff of big frequency precipitation and excretion demand.Karst flow section is limited, water level
Following conveyance capacity is determined by flow velocity.I.e. in model, water valve 2 discharges water with low discharge, and karst 5 meets dewatering needs, karst
Hydrops waterlogging will not occur in depression 3, and the flow of spring water 6 fluctuates with rainfall increase and decrease.
When precipitation reaches to a certain degree, and i.e. in model, water valve 2 discharges water with big flow, exceed the discharge capacity of karst 5,
Karst depression 3 by water-retention, forms the hydrops 4 of karst depression in there is waterlogging, phase, general depression area is big and range of stage relatively
Little, the hydraulic gradient change controlling flow velocity in karst 5 is the least, and pipeline is filled, and belongs to bearing pipe, and it crosses water energy
Power reaches capacity.Therefore, once meeting or exceeding the discharge capacity of footpath circulation road, even if precipitation recharges is big again, spring water 6 flow is also
Being difficult to substantially increase, there is a peak flow in the spring water 6 being in pipe outlet.
Precipitation is represented by water tank 1 in model, and the water yield is estimated according to Historical Meteorological Information and depression history waterlogging data.Can
Flood waterlogging and history of causing disaster is visited and investigated carrying out karst depression, flood elevation and the waterlogging persistent period easily obtains,
To obtain the history flood information in karst depression 3.The water yield in water tank 1 puts into karst depression 3 by water valve 2, reflection sudden and violent
There is peak load shifting effect in infiltration of ground surface and slope concentration Process on Heavy Rain after rain, the current entering karst depression 3 are the most equal
Even；Karst depression 3 there is also a pondage capacity to flood.Assume that the water yield that heavy rain produces is within the karst depression 3 waterlogging time
Basic excretion, spring water 6 is in relatively stable peak flow state, i.e. can pass through formula (1) and estimate the peak of Karst Springs
Value flow, provides design discharge data accurately for preventing spring water from overflowing.
In formula:
Q is spring water peak flow, unit m3/s；
PxIt is the storm intensity under x for frequency, unit m/h；
T is duration of storm, unit h；
A is spring territory area, unit m2；
T is the depression waterlogging persistent period, unit h；
α is water yield regulation coefficient, for the ratio of spring water big flow excretion Yu precipitation, stores stagnant with evaporation, the underground space
It is correlated with Deng Elements Of Expense, 0 < α < 1, rainfall is the biggest closer to 1；
β is the assignment of traffic coefficient of each branch spring water, can be according to surveying the estimation of daily spring water volume.The flow process of analytical calculation
See accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 1:
8.1 Main Geological Conditions
Gui Anxinqu sewage treatment plant of Guizhou Province back of the body mountain Lin Gu, west side behind is that seven Miao Shane slope, sub-slope is inserted
Peak cluster hills is enclosed in Fragrance Hill one, between grow depression, maximum of which is Bai Lalong, Bottom Altitude 1255～1258m.Peak cluster hills
Southern side separates with mountain range, mountain, peak with Gansu Province, the bottom of a pan cheuch, western and northern with elder brother's railway place, Shanghai trough valley as boundary, sewage treatment plant
The east side of dead ahead is ground, river valley, stud-farm, the minimum 1239m of elevation.Level of ground water is shallower, and elevation is between 1245～1255m.
Directly affect the S4 spring water next-door neighbour sewage treatment plant of sewage treatment plant, be positioned at peak under hills, spring water elevation 1241m, the withered phase
Flow 10L/s.
8.2 Karst Hydrogeological Conditions
Place is positioned at karst area, and infiltrating of Atmospheric precipitation is the main supply source of subsoil water.Sewage treatment plant's spring water is mended
Be predominantly located at the peak cluster hills area in its west side to district, each mound forms a series of guif between peak, and in depression, sinkhole is sent out
Educate, flow out from peak cluster without streams, earth's surface.In peak cluster region, the Atmospheric precipitation (within the ridge line of outermost mound) is except directly
Beyond the transpiration of evaporation and plant, all permeate the ground.The intermittent light rain in withered season typically can not form the effective benefit to subsoil water
Give.Flood season heavy rain and heavy rain then almost all permeate the ground, even if when extra torrential rain, part ridge karsts developing area is more weak, no
Can infiltrate in time, also the form remittance depression with overland flow be gradually passed through sinkhole or karst enters underground.
Groundwater flow direction is affected by architectonic, and main bedding plane flows, and imports along East and West direction cranny development
Among karst passage system, finally the toe from sewage treatment plant place is drained with the form of spring water.
8.2.1 main karst depression
Peak cluster hilly region to the west of place is the main supply source of sewage treatment plant's spring water, wherein distributed a big young waiter in a wineshop or an inn ten
Multiple depression.Short time pondage capacity when heavy rain is often played in depression.Relevant with spring water predominantly Bai Lalong (W22 and
W23) depression.
Depression, cypress cured Gansu Province is positioned at peak cluster center, sewage treatment plant west side, minimum point elevation 1255m..According to local villager
Introducing, the most long-term flood can be filled substantially with the escape canal in depression, and the situation overflowing irrigation canals and ditches there will be once, very in several years
To flooding bottom depression, thus cause effectiveness factors, the most deeply can hydrops to about 1258m elevation, disaster typically continues 2～3 days,
Hydrops is discharged through sinkhole.Once there is the S on new stockaded village of the bran coat in depression3S with sewage treatment plant position4Spring water is found, and says
Ming Baila Gansu Province directly connects with two spring water, is a karst passage system.
8.2.2 main spring water and spring territory
Sewage treatment plant S4Spring water does not stops, withered season water quality clear and stable, at dry year, can agriculture near pumping irrigation
Field.After flood season heavy rain 1～2h, the water yield is increased sharply, and water quality becomes muddy, and supply source is relatively near, is affected by outside small stream ditch water level jacking, floods week
The field on limit.During investigation, it is 1241.2m that relatively great rainfall, well water elevation do not occur, basically identical with brook, outside water level.
S3Spring water is another spring water of place, is a skylight of karst.After heavy rain, water level rises suddenly, and water quality becomes muddy,
Retention of excessive fluid flooded road surface, outside, and according to local villager's introduction, bran coat when depression, cypress cured Gansu Province is flooded can be at S3Spring water occurs, cypress is described
Sinkhole in depression, cured Gansu Province and S3Spring water connects.S3-1Spring water is positioned at S3Outside spring water, distance S3Spring water 400m.According to local villager
Introducing, after heavy rain, this spring water retention of excessive fluid is bigger.
Comprehensive analysis, S4The scope area 5.1km in spring territory2.East is with S3～S4Spring water and Miao Shan to goose slope one line ridge are
Boundary, south with the mountain peak to the east of Gansu Province, the bottom of a pan and ridge as boundary, western mountain peak on the south the elder brother's railway of Shanghai and ridge as boundary, northern with
Gold silver Dong Shan on the south Xie Jia Gansu Province and seven sub-slope to the north of Zhou Jia stockaded village and ridge thereof are boundary.Feeding area and the runoff district in spring territory are basic
Unanimously, discharge area is S4、S3And S3-1Deng spring water.
According to supply with karst passage system feature by S4Spring territory is further subdivided into I, II and III 3 subprovinces.I subprovince is cypress
S in cured Gansu Province13～S15The spring territory scope of three internal supply spring water, area 3.2km2, I subprovince cienega is concentrated on cypress cured
Depression, Gansu Province is concentrated after confluxing and is passed through S4Tubing is drained.
II subprovince is mainly cypress depression, cured Gansu Province and W27Watershed, earth's surface, both sides, depression encloses scope, S4Karst passage system connects
By K4And K5The supply of sinkhole and both sides massif infiltrate supply.III subprovince is S3To S4One line and seven sub-slope to Seedling mountain one line
Ridge encloses region, area 0.9km2, a ground precipitation part is infiltrated as subsoil water, and a part forms ground with the form of overland flow
Table water.
According to local inquiry and actual observation, S4Three spring water outlet (S of karst passage system4、S3And S3-1) withered season flow
Beta coefficient in ratio about 4: 1: 1, i.e. formula (1) is to S4It is 0.67, S for spring water3And S3-1It is respectively 0.165.
8.3 estimation of spring water peak flow and checkings
According to investigation, the spring water volume increase time typically lags behind precipitation 1～2h, and karstic ground water is fed by ground precipitation
Comparatively fast, being rapidly reached peak value afterwards, and continually and steadily, after precipitation terminates, according to the size of precipitation, the spring water volume terminal-velocity degree that disappears has
Institute is different.Collected 24h and 1h design storm amount under the different frequency of region, stud-farm, it is contemplated that depression, earth's surface and underground karst system
Be there is pondage capacity in ground precipitation, with the design storm of 24h estimate the flow of spring water be suitable for subsoil water delayed and adjust
The feature stored.
To S4Karst passage system, middle existence depression, one bigger cypress cured Gansu Province, provide for flow analysis and estimation
Favourable condition.According to visiting on the spot, long-term heavy rain can make the gutter full water in depression, then, it is believed that right
The flood of 99%, the cured Gansu Province of cypress only serves the effect of footpath circulation road；Many annual meetings run into a Disastrous Heavy Rain, by depression in various degree
Ground floods, and depression internal water accumulation disappeared at 2～3 days, it is believed that met and above flood 10 years one, due to karst and spring water
Export restrictions, discharge capacity is not enough, and the cured Gansu Province of cypress becomes terminal, possesses the effect regulated and stored, for the sake of assurance, to a-hundred-year
Rainfall, the excretion time closely considers (within 2 days, can not drain completely) by 2 days i.e. 48h, and the spring water volume so estimated has certain
Safe margin.
(1) long-term heavy rain (i.e. 99% frequency heavy rain)
All infiltrating according to 24h heavy rain in spring territory, 24h drains calculating substantially, and t is that 24h, α take 1, the average excretion in spring territory
Estimating as the following formula, result of calculation is 2.56m3/s。
QT=ATP99/24/3600 (2)
In formula: QTFor spring territory grand mean excretion, unit m3/s；
ATFor the spring territory gross area, i.e. 5.1 × 106m2；
P99It is the 24h heavy rain of 99%, represents the P in formula (1)xT, i.e. 43.4 × 10-3m。
Under the heavy rain of 99% frequency, the full ditch excretion of gutter, cypress cured Gansu Province, gutter typical section is 1.8m × 1.5m, office
Portion narrows, mean inclination 3 ‰, and in ditch, weeds are more, and calculating flow velocity according to the observation is 0.5～0.6m/s.In ditch, inflow-rate of water turbine is
1.62m3/ s, this flow is I district S13～S15The excretion in three spring water spring territories, area 3.2km2, account for whole spring territory area
62.7%, whole S can be estimated according to cypress cured Gansu Province spring water volume4The flow in spring territory, for 2.58m3/ s, with the result of (1) formula estimation
Basically identical, two kinds of methods can be mutually authenticated, S4Spring territory total excretion under the 24h heavy rain of 99% frequency takes 2.58m3/ s,
S4The beta coefficient of spring water is 0.67, i.e. water yield is 1.72m3/ s, S3And S3-1Beta coefficient is 0.165, and i.e. water yield is for being
0.43m3/s。
Within (2) two years one, meet heavy rain
All infiltrating according to 24h heavy rain in spring territory, 24h drains calculating substantially, and the average excretion in spring territory is estimated by (1) formula, α
Taking 1, the 24h heavy rain of 50% is 84.5 × 10-3m.Result of calculation is 4.99m3/ s, distributes S according to beta coefficient4The water yield of spring water
For 3.33m3/ s, S3And S3-1Water yield is 0.83m3/s。
(3) a-hundred-year heavy rain
All infiltrating according to 24h heavy rain in spring territory, 48h drains calculating substantially, and the average excretion in spring territory is estimated by (1) formula, α
Taking 1, the 24h heavy rain of 1% is 268 × 10-3m.Result of calculation is 7.91m3/ s, distributes S according to beta coefficient4The water yield of spring water is
5.27m3/ s, S3And S3-1Water yield is 1.32m3/s。
Heavy rain between meeting 2 years one and be a-hundred-year, takes the mode of interpolation to estimate spring according to the change of design storm
The flow of water, the flow of the relevant spring water under each frequency heavy rain is summarized in table 1 and Fig. 4.To a-hundred-year above heavy rain,
Through exceeding karst passage system and S4、S3And S3-1The storage in the short depression such as the discharging capacity of each point of release, the even more than cured Gansu Province of cypress
Flood ability, the bealock outside depression is by directly with the form excretion ground precipitation of insulated stream.
Table 1 spring water volume summary sheet
Note: S3-1Spring water volume and S3Identical.
In the morning on June 3rd, 2014, the Pingba County at spring water place is maximum sudden and violent since suffering nineteen fifty-seven to have meteorological record within the border
Rain, within 3h, rainfall reaches 187.7mm.S3Spring water measured discharge about 1.2m3/ s, S4Spring water measured discharge about 5.4m3/s.With 100
The spring water calculating peak flow meeting heavy rain year one corresponding is basically identical, and the division to spring territory and the estimation side of spring water volume are described
Method, achievement are properly and securely.
Certainly, being more than the concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, the present invention also has other embodiment, and all employings are equal to
Replace or the technical scheme of equivalent transformation formation, within all falling within protection domain of the presently claimed invention.
Claims (2)
1. the evaluation method of a karst area spring water volume based on history flood information, it is characterised in that: the method uses
A kind of wide on-swimmer's pool-bearing pipe model structure, this model includes the water tank (1) being provided with valve (2) for simulated precipitation
With the wide on-swimmer's pool (3) for simulating karst depression being located at below water tank (1), one karst in wide on-swimmer's pool (3) lower section
(5) through black box (7), and the spring water (6) of the side water outlet formation simulation at black box (7)；
The method water valve the most in a model (2) discharges water with low discharge, and karst (5) meets dewatering needs, karst depression (3)
In hydrops waterlogging will not occur, the flow of spring water (6) with rainfall increase and decrease and fluctuate；When precipitation reaches to a certain degree, to exceed rock
The discharge capacity in pipe road (5), by water-retention, there is waterlogging in karst depression (3)；Control the waterpower ratio of flow velocity in karst (5)
Fall change is the least, and pipeline is filled, and belongs to bearing pipe, and its discharge capacity reaches capacity, and is in the spring water of pipe outlet
(6) there is a peak flow.
The evaluation method of karst area spring water volume based on history flood information the most according to claim 1, its feature
It is: the water yield in water tank (1) puts into karst depression (3) by water valve (2), the infiltration of ground surface after the heavy rain of reflection and domatic remittance
There is peak load shifting effect in stream Process on Heavy Rain, the current entering karst depression (3) are relatively uniform；Karst depression (3) is to flood
There is also a pondage capacity；Assume that the water yield that heavy rain produces is drained within karst depression (3) the waterlogging time substantially, spring water (6)
It is in relatively stable peak flow state, is then estimated the peak flow of Karst Springs (6) by formula (1):
In formula:
Q is spring water peak flow, unit m3/s；
PxIt is the storm intensity under x for frequency, unit m/h；
T is duration of storm, unit h；
A is spring territory area, unit m2；
T is the depression waterlogging persistent period, unit h；
α is water yield regulation coefficient, for the ratio of spring water big flow excretion Yu precipitation, disappears with evaporate, underground space storage is stagnant etc.
Consumption factor is correlated with, and 0 < α < 1, rainfall is the biggest closer to 1；
β is the assignment of traffic coefficient of each branch spring water, can be according to the flow estimation surveying daily spring water.
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| CN108415966A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of karst watershed hydrologic process analogy method based on tank model |
| CN110674469A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-10 | 长沙理工大学 | Hydrological frequency calculation method suitable for arid karst deficient data area |
| CN113313367A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-27 | 河海大学 | Spring domain water resource regulation and control system and control method based on spring water continuous gushing |
| CN113741563A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-12-03 | 无锡联友塑业有限公司 | Water outlet control platform applying block chain |
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| CN102635087A (en) * | 2012-02-26 | 2012-08-15 | 长安大学 | River infiltration simulating device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108415966A (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2018-08-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of karst watershed hydrologic process analogy method based on tank model |
| CN108415966B (en) * | 2018-02-07 | 2021-09-24 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | Karst watershed hydrological process simulation method based on water tank model |
| CN110674469A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2020-01-10 | 长沙理工大学 | Hydrological frequency calculation method suitable for arid karst deficient data area |
| CN110674469B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2023-04-14 | 长沙理工大学 | Hydrological frequency calculation method suitable for arid karst-deficient data area |
| CN113313367A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-27 | 河海大学 | Spring domain water resource regulation and control system and control method based on spring water continuous gushing |
| CN113741563A (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2021-12-03 | 无锡联友塑业有限公司 | Water outlet control platform applying block chain |
| CN113741563B (en) * | 2021-09-11 | 2022-02-22 | 无锡联友塑业有限公司 | Water outlet control platform applying block chain |
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