CN106273802B - 一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106273802B
CN106273802B CN201610650566.8A CN201610650566A CN106273802B CN 106273802 B CN106273802 B CN 106273802B CN 201610650566 A CN201610650566 A CN 201610650566A CN 106273802 B CN106273802 B CN 106273802B
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杜文风
刘琦
杨雪
刘春雨
孙云
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Henan Tianyuan Equipment Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板，所述装配式复合夹层楼板沿竖直方向分为三层，从上到下依次为钢筋混凝土板面层、聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）芯层、玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）面层。所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板的制备方法包括以下步骤：将粘结剂融化后利用高压喷枪分别喷射在钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料层的上表面上，然后将聚苯乙烯泡沫芯层置于钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料层的上表面之间，经拼板机上静压得所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板。

Description

一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于建筑用楼板和屋盖结构技术领域，具体涉及一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板及其制备方法。
背景技术
楼板是建筑中一种分隔承重构件，它将房屋垂直方向分隔为若干层，并把人和家具等竖向荷载及楼板自重通过墙体、梁或柱传给基础。
常用的楼板按材料的不同分为木楼板、钢筋混凝土楼板和钢衬板楼板。木楼板由木梁和木地板组成，构造简单、自重较轻，但防火耐腐蚀及防潮耐水性能差，易发生虫害和翘曲变形，耐久性差，综合成本高，在工程中应用较少，当前主要应用于对装修要求较高的建筑中；钢筋混凝土板在房屋建筑中常用于楼板和屋盖结构，耐久性和耐火性能突出，维护费用低，但结构自重大，抗裂性能差，不利于结构抗震；钢衬板楼板是以压型钢板与混凝土浇筑在一起构成的整体式楼板，已在大空间建筑和高层建筑中采用，具有刚度大、整体性好的优点，但成本高，耐腐蚀性较差，施工进度慢，虽具有一定耐热性但不防火。
楼板按施工方法分为现浇钢筋混凝土楼板和装配式钢筋混凝土楼板两大类。
现浇钢筋混凝土楼板具有整体性强、受力性能好、耐久性和耐火性好的优点，但是由于其钢筋加工、绑扎、模板制作与支撑、混凝土浇筑与养护成型均在施工现场完成，需要较大的材料堆放与材料加工场地及大量的人工投入，施工进度慢，而且施工质量不易保证。
装配式钢筋混凝土楼板分为实心板、圆孔板和槽形板三种。实心板的跨度一般较小，常被用作走道板、贮藏室隔板或厨房、厕所板等。空心板是将平板沿纵向抽孔而成，在不增加混凝土用量及钢筋用量的前提下，提高了截面抗弯能力，增强了结构刚性。槽形板是由四周及中部若干根肋及顶面或底面的平板组成，属肋梁与板的组合构件，这种楼面具有保温、隔声等特点。装配式钢筋混凝土楼板自重大，板材运输困难，吊装难度大，隔热、隔声效果不好，而且不利于结构抗震。
目前，装配集成化已成为未来工程建设的发展方向，对装配式楼板各项性能指标要求也相对提高。本发明一种新型复合夹层楼板，不仅自重小、强度高，并具有保温、隔声等功能，同时抗冲击、不燃烧、耐腐蚀性好，后期维护成本低，耐久性好。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种自重小、强度高，并具有保温、隔声等功能的新型装配式复合夹层楼板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板，所述装配式复合夹层楼板沿竖直方向分为三层，从上到下依次为钢筋混凝土板面层、聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）芯层、玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）面层。
所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板的制备方法包括以下步骤：将粘结剂融化后利用高压喷枪分别喷射在钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料层的上表面上，然后将聚苯乙烯泡沫芯层置于钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料层的上表面之间，经拼板机上静压得所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板。
所述粘结剂为为环氧树脂粘结剂。
本发明产生的有益效果是：（1）本发明的新型装配式复合夹层楼板自重轻，它的自重比同等尺寸的混凝土板轻24％至50％，因此十分有利于结构抗震要求；（2）本发明的新型装配式复合夹层楼板强度高，使用通用有限元分析程序ANSYS，对几何尺寸相同的新型复合夹层楼板与混凝土预制板建模分析，结果显示在相同均布荷载作用下两者最大应力基本持平，均满足材料承载力要求；（3）与装配式混凝土板相比其自重较轻，降低了吊装的施工难度，缩短了施工时间，可普遍适用于装配式建筑中；（4）具有保温隔热、隔声、抗冲击等效果，特别适合对这些功能要求较高的建筑中使用；（5）本发明的新型装配式复合夹层楼板由于下部GFRP板面层的密闭性和连续性，不会出现普通混凝土板抗裂的问题，因此后期维护成本低，耐久性好；（6）本发明的新型装配式复合夹层楼板的适宜跨度高于混凝土板，在跨度较大的框架结构和高层结构中均可应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中制成的新型装配式复合夹层楼板的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述，但是本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。
实施例1
根据建筑方案设计要求，某楼板采用本发明新型装配式复合夹层楼板，结构示意图如图1所示，所述装配式复合夹层楼板沿竖直方向分为三层，从上到下依次为钢筋混凝土板面层1、聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）芯层2（由深圳市国景包装材料有限公司生产）、玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）面层3（东莞市聚力玻纤制品有限公司生产）。楼板承受均布荷载6 kN/ m2，楼板长3.6m，宽1.2m。设计总厚度103.04mm，其中上部钢筋混凝土（C30）板面层75mm，中间聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）芯层25mm，下部玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）面层3.04mm。对比板采用105mm厚C30钢筋混凝土板。
所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板的制备方法包括以下步骤：将粘结剂（所述粘结剂为环氧树脂粘结剂，深圳市科佳胶粘材料有限公司生产的单组份高温环氧树脂粘结剂）融化后利用高压喷枪分别喷射在钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料层的上表面上，然后将聚苯乙烯泡沫芯层置于钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料层的上表面之间，经拼板机上静压得所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板。
使用通用有限元软件ANSYS进行建模分析，对于新型装配式复合夹层楼板采用Solid45单元建模分析，钢筋混凝土板采用Solid65单元建模分析。各材料性质如下表：
。
经计算，本实施例中新型装配式复合夹层楼板最大竖向位移5.028mm，上部混凝土板面层1最大应力11.8MPa、聚苯乙烯泡沫（EPS）芯层2最大应力0.009MPa、下部玻璃纤维增强塑料（GFRP）面层最大应力1.51Mpa；105mm厚C30钢筋混凝土板最大竖向位移1.973mm，最大应力10.3MPa。
对计算结果进行分析可知，新型装配式复合夹层楼板结构是合理的，传力明确。其上部混凝土面层最大应力与105mm厚C30钢筋混凝土板最大应力接近，满足强度要求，芯层和下部GFRP面层最大应力远远小于它们的容许应力，可见新型装配式复合夹层楼板强度很大，满足承载力要求。虽然新型装配式复合夹层楼板最大竖向位移与105mm厚C30钢筋混凝土板相比略大，但其整体刚度依然满足规范要求。
对比可知，新型装配式复合夹层楼板自重轻，它的自重比同等尺寸的钢筋混凝土板轻24％，有利于结构抗震要求；而且该复合夹层板还具有保温隔热、隔声、抗冲击等效果，不会出现普通混凝土板抗裂的问题，后期维护成本低，耐久性好，在跨度较大的框架结构和高层结构中均可应用。因此，本发明的结构形式是成立的，代替装配式混凝土楼板是切实可行的。

Claims (2)

1.一种新型装配式复合夹层楼板，其特征在于：所述装配式复合夹层楼板沿竖直方向分为三层，从上到下依次为钢筋混凝土板面层、聚苯乙烯泡沫芯层、玻璃纤维增强塑料面层；
所述楼板各层之间通过环氧树脂粘结剂粘结；
所述楼板承受均布荷载6 kN/ m2，楼板长3.6m，宽1.2m，总厚度103.04mm，其中，钢筋混凝土板面层厚度75mm，密度2500kg/m3，弹性模量30GPa，泊松比0.25，剪切模量12GPa，抗压强度14.3MPa；聚苯乙烯泡沫芯层厚度25mm，密度16kg/m3，弹性模量1.2-1.5MPa，泊松比0.25，抗拉强度0.11-0.14MPa；玻璃纤维增强塑料面层厚度3.04mm，密度980kg/m3，玻璃纤维含量70%，弹性模量沿长度方向、宽度方向、厚度方向分别为15169MPa、15169MPa、1050MPa，泊松比沿长度方向、宽度方向、厚度方向分别为0.11、0.22、0.22，剪切模量沿长度方向、宽度方向、厚度方向分别为1800MPa、1800MPa、750MPa，抗拉强度690MPa。
2.如权利要求1所述的新型装配式复合夹层楼板，其特征在于，所述楼板的制备方法包括以下步骤：将粘结剂融化后分别喷射在钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料面层的上表面上，然后将聚苯乙烯泡沫芯层置于钢筋混凝土板面层的下表面、玻璃纤维增强塑料面层的上表面之间，经拼板机上静压得所述新型装配式复合夹层楼板；所述粘结剂为环氧树脂粘结剂。
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