CN106270100B - Hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device - Google Patents
Hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106270100B CN106270100B CN201510353733.8A CN201510353733A CN106270100B CN 106270100 B CN106270100 B CN 106270100B CN 201510353733 A CN201510353733 A CN 201510353733A CN 106270100 B CN106270100 B CN 106270100B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flange
- punch
- flanging
- block
- punching
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device, method for flanging to include：It calculates punching and whether flange gap location material cracks, and whether gap location material height of projection is less than permission height.If punching hole diameter and flange diameter meet described two conditions simultaneously, using Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging；Otherwise, using sectional type hydro piercing flange.Sectional type punching flanging device includes upper die and lower die, pierce punch, flange block, flange punch.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fittings hydraulic formation device and methods, more specifically to a kind of hydro piercing method for flanging
And sectional type punching flanging device.
Background technology
Hydroforming is suitable for producing the hollow light body component of variable cross-section, is improving the same of drip molding strength and stiffness
When saved material again and reduce cost, therefore there is extensive use in Aeronautics and Astronautics and automotive field.Hydro piercing is in liquid
In pressing formation mold, using liquid in pipe pressure as lower die, punching is synchronously completed, compared with punching outside mould, can be greatly improved
Production efficiency, while improving punching position precision.Hydro piercing flange is in hydro piercing while flange certain altitude.
In recent years, as hydroformed part application field constantly extends, corresponding part connection relation becomes increasingly complex.
Meanwhile with the fast development of the light materials such as aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, welding method is no longer applicable in, and connection type is also increasingly
Diversification, some hydroformed parts need flange certain altitude after punching, to inlay other parts, or for process and assemble use
Internal thread.
To hydro piercing flange, since punch flange section diameter is more than Punches diameter, under avoiding internal pressure from acting on
Material is in intermediate space position evagination or cracks, and a kind of method of use is design block insert type flange punch, i.e. punched hole punching
After punch completes punching, flange is completed by flange insert or nut for the nested flange insert of head or nut.However, this kind of method
Flange is realized by the smaller angles R of flange insert or nut, is easy to happen cracking and flange height is limited, and flange insert is pressed
Enter drip molding flanging bore domestic demand manually to take out, and nut is embedded in tension anti-torsional strength etc. in flanging bore and exists not by this way
Foot.Another method is to design blind hole in punch-center, installation spring in inside avoids cracking during hydraulic expanding-forming, hydraulic pressure
After bulging, continue to increase internal pressure, realize punching from inside to outside, back punching head downlink realize flange, but this kind of mode is being rushed
The hole stage needs very high internal pressure, is applied as current low-pressure hydraulic shapes, and equipment realizes that punching from inside to outside is difficult.
Invention content
It is easy to happen cracking for hydro piercing existing in the prior art and flange height is limited, and needs very high interior
The problem of pressure, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging devices.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of hydro piercing method for flanging, including：It calculates punching and whether flange gap location material cracks, and
Whether material height of projection, which is less than, at gap allows height；If punching hole diameter and flange diameter meet two conditions simultaneously, use
Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging；Otherwise, using sectional type hydro piercing flange.
An embodiment according to the present invention judges whether that the method to crack is to judge whether to meet：
In formula, d1 is flange diameter, and d2 is punching hole diameter；PMAX is maximum internal pressure in entire reforming process；η is coefficient,
Value range is 0.65~0.8；στFor material shearing strength；T is pipe fitting thickness.
An embodiment according to the present invention, judging whether gap location material height of projection is less than allows the method for height to sentence
It is disconnected whether to meet：
R is free bulge radius in formula；σ′sFor the flow stress of material under maximum pressure；H is bulging height of projection.
An embodiment according to the present invention, the method for Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging are：Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging rushes
Head downlink, first completes punching；Punch continues traveling downwardly, and flange is completed by Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging punch arc transition section；
Punch retracts, and completes piercing and flanging.
The method of an embodiment according to the present invention, sectional type hydro piercing flange is：During hydraulic expanding-forming, flange punching
Head segmental arc respective material is acted on by internal pressure occurs free bulge, but height of projection is less than permissible value, and flange punch is kept off by flange
Block effect is not jacked up；In punching stage, first pierce punch downlink, wedge block by sliding block block act on, compressed spring by
Pressure, only pierce punch, which moves downward, completes punching；On pierce punch rear end cubic block lower face and flange punch rear end cubic block
End face contacts, and pushes flange punch downlink, completes flange；Pierce punch retracts, and the compressed spring effect of wedge block is embedded to be slided
Block block wedge groove；Pierce punch continues to retract, and wedge block drives flange punch to return back to original position.
To achieve the above object, the present invention also adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of sectional type punching flanging device, including upper die and lower die, pierce punch, flange block, flange punch.Upper mold
For concave shape component, the recess in the middle part of upper mold is equipped with pierce punch, flange block and flange punch, the bottom of upper mold have with
The groove that the top of lower die matches, lower die are similar to cuboid, and upper part has the groove that the bottom with upper mold matches.It turns over
Side bumper block is fixed in upper mold, and there is first through hole, flange punch to be set to the lower section of flange block in center, has second
Through-hole, first through hole and the alignment setting of the second through-hole.Pierce punch is convex shape component, and the second through-hole is stretched into protrusion part
Interior, pierce punch and flange punch are movably disposed in upper mold.
An embodiment according to the present invention, forms tubular cavity between upper die and lower die, and the both ends of tubular cavity are equipped with close
End socket.
An embodiment according to the present invention, is equipped with wedge block between pierce punch and flange block, wedge block passes through
Compressed spring is connected with pierce punch.
The impulse face of an embodiment according to the present invention, flange punch includes planar section and arch section.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, hydro piercing method for flanging of the invention and sectional type punching flanging device can solve
It is limited that hydro piercing is easy to happen cracking and flange height, and the problem of need very high internal pressure.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is integral type hydro piercing flange punch vertical view；
Fig. 2 is integral type hydro piercing flange punch A-A sectional views；
Fig. 3 is integral type hydro piercing flange punch partial enlarged view；
Fig. 4 is piercing and flanging clearance material bulging bump diagrams；
Fig. 5 is sectional type hydro piercing flange punch vertical view；
Fig. 6 is sectional type hydro piercing flange punch B-B sectional views；
Fig. 7 is sectional type hydro piercing flange punch C-C sectional views；
Fig. 8 is sectional type hydro piercing flange punch C-C sectional view partial enlarged views；
Fig. 9 is sectional type hydro piercing flange bulging by punch protrusion partial enlarged view.
Specific implementation mode
The technical solution further illustrated the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The present invention discloses a kind of hydro piercing method for flanging first comprising judgment step and selection step.Judgment step
For：It calculates punching and whether flange gap location material cracks, and whether gap location material height of projection is less than permission height
Degree.Select step for：If punching hole diameter and flange diameter meet two conditions simultaneously, using Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging；
Otherwise, using sectional type hydro piercing flange.
During hydraulic expanding-forming, manages interior maximum pressure and be happened at shaping knuckle stage or punching stage, ensure
Under the process maximum internal pressure, gap location material will not occur Shear cracking and forming is caused to fail, and clearance material shear fracture is suitable
In rushing looping pit from inside to outside, need to meet：
D1 is flange diameter in formula,
D2 is punching hole diameter；
PMAX is maximum internal pressure in entire reforming process；
η is coefficient, generally takes 0.65~0.8；
στFor material shearing strength；
T is 1 thickness of pipe fitting.
Secondly, need to ensure under maximum internal pressure, gap location material occurs bulging height of projection and is less than permission height, Bu Huifa
Raw bulging cracking, and protrusion can be unfolded for follow-up flange, ensure flange face quality, be equivalent in the annular gap under maximum internal pressure
Material free bulge needs to meet：
R is free bulge radius in formula；
σ′sFor the flow stress of material under maximum pressure, the average value that yield strength and tensile strength can be used simplifies meter
It calculates, because being less than tensile strength, ensure that and bulging cracking does not occur；
H is bulging height of projection, to keep follow-up flange protrusion deployable, ensures that flange face quality, protrusion allow height can
Take empirical value 2t.
When punching hole diameter and flange diameter meet two condition of judgment step, Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging punch is designed
5, as Figure 1-Figure 5.During hydraulic expanding-forming, punching, flange clearance material protrusion, as shown in figure 4, but shearing does not occur opening
It splits and bulging cracks, and height of projection h is less than 2 times of wall thickness.During hydro piercing, Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging punch 5
Downlink first completes punching, and punch continues traveling downwardly, and flange is completed by 5 arc transition section 52 of Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging punch,
Back punching head retract, complete piercing and flanging.
When punching hole diameter and flange diameter are unsatisfactory for the condition of judgment step, using sectional type hydro piercing flange punch
5, as shown in Fig. 6, Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Fig. 9, specifically include following steps：
During hydraulic expanding-forming, 5 segmental arc respective material of flange punch is acted on by internal pressure occurs free bulge, but protrusion is high
Degree is less than permissible value, and flange punch 5 is not jacked up by the effect of flange block 7；
Punching stage 6 downlink of pierce punch first, wedge block 9 are acted on by sliding block block 10, and compressed spring 8 is pressurized, only
Pierce punch 6, which moves downward, completes punching；
6 rear end cubic block lower face of pierce punch is contacted with 5 rear end cubic block upper surface of flange punch, pushes flange punch
5 downlinks complete flange；
Pierce punch 6 retracts, embedded 10 wedge groove of sliding block block of 9 compressed spring 8 of wedge block effect；
Pierce punch 6 continues to retract, and wedge block 9 drives flange punch 5 to return back to original position.
In addition, invention additionally discloses the sectional type punching flanging devices used in a kind of above method, include mainly upper
The components such as mould 2, lower die 3, pierce punch 6, flange block 7, flange punch 5.
Upper mold 2 is concave shape component, and the recess at 2 middle part of upper mold is equipped with pierce punch 6, flange block 7 and flange punch
5, the bottom of upper mold 2 has the groove that the top with lower die 3 matches.Lower die 3 is similar to cuboid, and upper part has and upper mold
The groove that 2 bottom matches.Upper mold 2 where punch and lower die 3 correspond to fluting, and it is empty that tubulose is formed between upper mold 2 and lower die 3
The both ends of chamber, tubular cavity are equipped with seal head 4.
Flange block 7 is fixed in upper mold 2, and center has first through hole, is retracted highly to control flange punch 5,
And flange punch 5 is avoided to be jacked up in Bulging Process.
Flange punch 5 is set to the lower section of flange block 7, has the second through-hole, first through hole and the alignment of the second through-hole
Setting.5 rear end of flange punch processes or assembly cubic block, the cubic block upper surface and 6 rear end cubic block lower face of pierce punch
A distance is kept, after 6 downlink of the pierce punch segment distance, 5 downlink of flange punch is pushed to realize flange.
Pierce punch 6 is convex shape component, and protrusion part is stretched into the second through-hole, and pierce punch 6 and flange punch 5 can
It is actively set in upper mold 2.Specifically, the rear end processing of pierce punch 6 or assembly cubic block, in cubic block both sides of the face
Process rectangular channel.Wedge block 9 is equipped between pierce punch 6 and flange block 7, wedge block 9 passes through compressed spring 8 and punching
Punch 6 is connected.
The impulse face of flange punch 5 includes planar section and arch section.Arch section width is as possible greatly to ensure flange matter
Amount, by calculating the cracking of pipe fitting 1 does not occur for planar section minimum widith, and height of projection is less than the maximum clearance distance of permissible value
It obtains.
5 planar section minimum widith of flange punch calculates as follows, first to ensure in Bulging Process maximum internal pressure
Under, arch section correspond to gap location material will not occur Shear cracking cause forming fail, need to meet：
D1 is flange diameter in formula,
D2 is punching hole diameter；
L is 5 planar section width of flange punch；
PMAX is maximum internal pressure in entire reforming process；
η is coefficient, generally takes 0.65~0.8；
στFor material shearing strength；
T is 1 thickness of pipe fitting.
Secondly, need to ensure under maximum internal pressure, arch section corresponds to gap location material and bulging height of projection occurs less than fair
Perhaps height, needs to meet：
R is free bulge radius in formula；
L is 5 planar section width of flange punch；
σ′sFor the flow stress of material under maximum pressure, the average value that yield strength and tensile strength can be used simplifies meter
It calculates, because being less than tensile strength, ensure that and bulging cracking does not occur；
H is bulging height of projection, to keep follow-up flange protrusion deployable, ensures that flange face quality, protrusion allow height can
Take empirical value 2t.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is further illustrated below by 2 embodiments：
Embodiment 1
Assuming that 1 material of pipe fitting is DC03, wall thickness 2.5mm, punching hole diameter 6mm, and a diameter of 12mm of flange, hydraulic expanding-forming mistake
Journey maximum internal pressure 150MPa, σsTake 200MPa, σbTake 305MPa, plastic material στApproximation takes 0.6 σb。
Be computed satisfaction Step 1: and step 2 condition, integral type punch can be used.
Embodiment 2
Assuming that 1 material of pipe fitting is 6061-T4, wall thickness 1.5mm, punching hole diameter 9mm, and a diameter of 18mm of flange, Hydraulic Expansion
Shape process maximum internal pressure 150MPa, σsTake 164MPa, σbTake 277MPa, plastic material στApproximation takes 0.6 σb。
Be computed Step 1: and step 2 condition be unsatisfactory for, sectional type piercing and flanging punch 5 need to be used.
5 planar section minimum widith l of flange punch is calculated as follows, first to ensure in Bulging Process maximum internal pressure
Under, arch section correspond to gap location material will not occur Shear cracking cause forming fail, need to meet：
It is computed l >=2.34mm
Secondly, need to ensure under maximum internal pressure, arch section corresponds to gap location material and bulging height of projection occurs less than fair
Perhaps height, needs to meet：
It is computed l >=0.385mm
Then 5 planar section of piercing and flanging punch, 51 partial width takes 2.34mm.
Those of ordinary skill in the art it should be appreciated that more than embodiment be intended merely to illustrate the present invention,
And be not used as limitation of the invention, as long as in the spirit of the present invention, the change to embodiment described above
Change, modification will all be fallen within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of sectional type punching flanging device, which is characterized in that including：
Upper die and lower die, pierce punch, flange block, flange punch and sliding block block；
The upper mold is concave shape component, and the recess in the middle part of upper mold is equipped with the pierce punch, flange block and flange punch,
The bottom of the upper mold has the groove that the top with the lower die matches；
The lower die is cuboid, and upper part has the groove that the bottom with the upper mold matches；
The flange block is fixed in the upper mold, and flange block center has first through hole；
The flange punch is set to the lower section of the flange block, and flange punch has the second through-hole, the first through hole and
The second through-hole alignment setting；
The pierce punch is convex shape component, and protrusion part is stretched into second through-hole, the pierce punch and described
Flange punch is movably disposed in the upper mold；
Between the pierce punch and the sliding block block be equipped with wedge block, the wedge block by compressed spring with it is described
Pierce punch is connected.
2. sectional type punching flanging device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that form pipe between the upper die and lower die
The both ends of shape cavity, the tubular cavity are equipped with seal head.
3. sectional type punching flanging device as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the impulse face of the flange punch includes flat
Face part and arch section.
4. a kind of hydro piercing method for flanging using any one of the claim 1-3 sectional type punching flanging devices, special
Sign is, including：
It calculates punching and whether flange gap location material cracks, and whether gap location material height of projection is less than permission height
Degree；
Judge whether that the method to crack is：
Judge whether to meet：
In formula, d1For flange diameter,
d2For punching hole diameter；
PMAXFor maximum internal pressure in entire reforming process；
η is coefficient, and value range is 0.65~0.8；
στFor material shearing strength；
T is pipe fitting thickness；
Judge that the method whether gap location material height of projection is less than permission height is：
Judge whether to meet：
Wherein,
R is free bulge radius in formula；
σ′sFor the flow stress of material under maximum pressure；
H is bulging height of projection；
If punching hole diameter and flange diameter meet two conditions simultaneously, using Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging；Otherwise, using point
Block formula hydro piercing flange；Described while two conditions of satisfaction refer to that punching and flange gap location material meet generation Cracking Condition
And gap location material height of projection, which meets to be less than, allows height condition.
5. hydro piercing method for flanging as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the method for Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging
For：
Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging punch downlink, first completes punching；
Punch continues traveling downwardly, and flange is completed by Integral hydraulic piercing and flanging punch arc transition section；
Punch retracts, and completes piercing and flanging.
6. hydro piercing method for flanging as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the method for sectional type hydro piercing flange
For：
During hydraulic expanding-forming, flange punch segmental arc respective material is acted on by internal pressure occurs free bulge, but height of projection is small
It is not jacked up by the effect of flange block in allowing height, flange punch；
In punching stage, first pierce punch downlink, wedge block is acted on by sliding block block, and compressed spring is pressurized, only punched hole punching
Head, which moves downward, completes punching；
Pierce punch rear end cubic block lower face is contacted with flange punch rear end cubic block upper surface, pushes flange punch downlink,
Complete flange；
Pierce punch retracts, the compressed embedded sliding block block wedge groove of spring effect of wedge block；
Pierce punch continues to retract, and wedge block drives flange punch to return back to original position.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510353733.8A CN106270100B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510353733.8A CN106270100B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN106270100A CN106270100A (en) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN106270100B true CN106270100B (en) | 2018-09-04 |
Family
ID=57650280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510353733.8A Active CN106270100B (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN106270100B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109013819B (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2023-10-13 | 宁波市江北保隆消声系统制造有限公司 | Production method of corrugated elbow |
| CN114309229B (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-12-02 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Forming-punching-flanging integrated impact hydraulic forming die and method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1131588A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1996-09-25 | 华中理工大学 | Mold-extruding, expanding and forming process for multi-way pipe and its die equipment |
| CN101528378A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-09-09 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Punching method and punching device employing hydro-form and hydro-formed part and structure body |
| CN103008478A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-04-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hydraulic punching and flanging mould used for interior high-pressure forming member |
| CN104096742A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic punching method and device capable of keeping wall flatness of workpiece |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005297060A (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2005-10-27 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method for piercing hole by hydroforming method, piercing dies, and product manufactured by hydroforming method |
| KR101264137B1 (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2013-05-14 | 가부시키가이샤 고마쓰 세이사쿠쇼 | Method for manufacturing branched pipe and apparatus for manufacturing branched pipe |
-
2015
- 2015-06-23 CN CN201510353733.8A patent/CN106270100B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1131588A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1996-09-25 | 华中理工大学 | Mold-extruding, expanding and forming process for multi-way pipe and its die equipment |
| CN101528378A (en) * | 2006-10-27 | 2009-09-09 | 新日本制铁株式会社 | Punching method and punching device employing hydro-form and hydro-formed part and structure body |
| CN103008478A (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-04-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Hydraulic punching and flanging mould used for interior high-pressure forming member |
| CN104096742A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2014-10-15 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Hydraulic punching method and device capable of keeping wall flatness of workpiece |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106270100A (en) | 2017-01-04 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101758148B (en) | Method and device for producing highly dimensionally accurate flanged half shells | |
| CN103084483B (en) | Several-time drawing formation device for deep-cylinder-shaped piece | |
| CN104607524A (en) | Tailor welded blank integral drawing forming device and method for large-scale curved surface part | |
| US9808850B2 (en) | Process for forming hollow member with complicated cross-section | |
| CN202591342U (en) | A pipe fitting bending forming device | |
| CN103464562A (en) | Cavity low-internal-pressure forming method | |
| CN105537360A (en) | Forward-backward drawing and forming method for metal plate soft mould | |
| CN103008478B (en) | Hydraulic punching and flanging mould used for interior high-pressure forming member | |
| CN106270100B (en) | Hydro piercing method for flanging and sectional type punching flanging device | |
| CN104607526A (en) | Intra-pipe high pressure forming system | |
| CN104014605B (en) | The equilateral reverse anti-extruding process of three-jaw flange sliding sleeve and reverse anti-extruding mold | |
| CN101633030A (en) | Split forging die based on expansion of plastic deformation zone | |
| CN107695218A (en) | A kind of pipe double-turnup building mortion and its method | |
| CN204448967U (en) | A kind of pipe fitting internal high pressure forming device | |
| CN203737815U (en) | Thick material extrusion draw hole stamping die | |
| CN103317026B (en) | Pressurized composite die | |
| CN103386585B (en) | Shell platform or pipe platform forming technology and backward extruding die used thereof | |
| CN104399940B (en) | Wedge-type hold down gag | |
| CN110355312A (en) | Interior hexagonal cold-forging forming mold and technique in a kind of cup shell | |
| CN104289542B (en) | There is the forming method of the axial workpiece of flange | |
| CN105081046B (en) | Hydroforming flexible seal device | |
| CN103480786A (en) | Shaft end bevel gear forging mould | |
| CN204220780U (en) | The once-forming diel of a kind of clutch case detaching hook | |
| CN209867167U (en) | Metal pipeline production equipment that buries of inflation mode | |
| CN207710987U (en) | A kind of recombinant material shaping dies |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |