CN106264571A - A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method and system - Google Patents
A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method and system, every physiological data by multiple physiological data collection module Real-time Collection inmates, its emotional state of physiological data analysis according to inmate, realize the accurate perception to inmate's emotional state, to dredge in time, so as to be effectively prevented the generation of accident, improve monitoring capacity and the efficiency of management in prison；Meanwhile, recommend mood regulation music by the emotional state perceived to inmate, to regulate the emotion of inmate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method and system, belong to field of intelligent monitoring.
Background technology
Emotion is the mankind for a kind of heart of various cog-nitive target to be experienced or attitude is experienced, and is inherent a kind of heart
Reason reaction.The basic emotion that It is generally accepted has four kinds, the happiest, angry, frightened and grieved.Emotion to need the most relevant,
The important foundation that when needing, emotion produces.The most whether obtain satisfied, emotion has the character of positive or negative.Every energy
Meet the things that the needs that evoked maybe can promote this needs to be met, just cause negative emotion, such as hatred, depressed, no
Satisfied etc..That different emotions produce it is crucial that objective environment moderate stimulation factor, and the judge that people are to objective things.
Having document to report, the inmate in prison all may occur in which the decline of certain mental level, the wherein change of emotion
During fluctuation the most obvious.External correlational study shows, there is mental disorder and psychological problems person is the 2 of population in criminal
More than Bei.The criminal that there are about 20% suffers from various mental illness, and the health level of 70% is less than normal.Inmate is for one
In the most special environment, their emotion changes especially self feature, differ from general population.Management for inmate
It is the timely control of the change to its emotion to a great extent, thus efficiently reduces or avoid the appearance of hazardous act, increase
Rescue by force the effect of transformation.
Prison is that mandatory administration is broken laws and commit crime the place of personnel, is to realize the reformation through labour to criminal.Serve a sentence at prison
Personnel are the colonies that a comparison is special, long-time and society isolation, have strict prison discipline prison rule and heavier work to appoint in addition
Business so that their groupment life seems not enough, daily with people's communication with exchange and can not mention in the same breath with ordinary people.This just leads
Cause the thought mood of inmate, there is such-and-such problem more or less.So stablizing their emotion, immediately
Dredging, in time mediate, just seeming is even more important.
There are some researches show, emotion has inner experience and external behavior performance, also has its physiological mechanism simultaneously.Due to autonomous god
Through the activity of system, when organism is in certain emotional state, a series of physiological change can occur inside it, measure these
The index of change is exactly physical signs (physiological index).
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved is to provide a kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method and system, by multiple
Every physiological data of physiological data collection module Real-time Collection inmate, according to its feelings of physiological data analysis of inmate
Not-ready status, it is achieved the accurate perception to inmate's emotional state, in order to dredge in time, so as to be effectively prevented
The generation of accident, improves monitoring capacity and the efficiency of management in prison.Meanwhile, by the emotional state that perceives to serving a sentence
Personnel recommend music, to regulate the emotion of inmate.
The present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical solutions:
On the one hand, the present invention provides a kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method, and concrete grammar is as follows:
Step 1, periodically gathers every physical signs of inmate, obtains the physiology number in each cycle of inmate
According to；
Step 2, the physiological feature vector of statistics each periodic physiological data of inmate, particularly as follows:
201, preset the normal range of each physical signs；
202, the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of every physical signs in one cycle of statistics respectively, if meansigma methods is higher than this physical signs
Normal range, then represent this physical signs physiological data eigenvalue within this cycle with 1；If meansigma methods is less than this physical signs
Normal range, then represent this physical signs physiological data eigenvalue within this cycle with-1；Otherwise represent with 0；Thus obtain
Physiological feature vector, its element is the physiological data eigenvalue of every physical signs；
Step 3, according to the history physiological feature vector of inmate, by sorting technique, sets up physiological feature vector and arrives
The mapping table of emotional state；
Step 4, according to the physiological feature vector in inmate's current period, analyzes inmate's current emotional states,
Realize the emotion monitoring of inmate, particularly as follows:
401, it is judged that whether inmate's emotion fluctuates, particularly as follows: contrast current period and the physiological feature in previous cycle
Element in vector, if element variation number exceedes the half of physiological feature vector length, then judges that emotion fluctuates, and performs
502；Otherwise, it is determined that emotion fluctuates, wait the multidimensional physiological data of pending one week after phase；
402, it is judged that inmate's emotion changes trend, if particularly as follows: the physiological feature vector of current period comprises to
Few two non-zero elements, then judge emotional instability, performs 503；Otherwise, it is determined that be emotionally stable, wait the pending one week after phase many
Dimension physiological data；
403, according to the physiological feature vector in inmate's current period, inquiry physiological feature vector is to emotional state
Mapping table, draws inmate's current emotional states；
Step 5, sets up the emotional state mapping table to mood regulation music, and the current emotional states for inmate is broadcast
Put corresponding music to regulate the emotional state of inmate.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, step 1 also includes the physiological data collected is carried out feature fall
Dimension, wherein, Feature Dimension Reduction includes feature extraction and feature selection.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, Feature Dimension Reduction uses principal component analysis or independent component analysis or line
Property compartment analysis or Kohonen matching process are carried out.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, in step 3, sorting technique is decision tree or nearest neighbor algorithm KNN or support
Vector machine SVM.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, in step 3, emotional state is divided into happiness, anger, compassion, probably four grades.
On the other hand, the present invention also provides for a kind of inmate's mood regulation system, whole including wearable terminal and management
End, wherein, wearable terminal includes wrist strap and the multiple physiological data collection modules being arranged on wrist strap, first is wirelessly transferred
Module, management terminal includes the second wireless transport module, physiological data memory module, mood sensing module, display module, emotion
Recommending module, mood sensing module includes Dimension Reduction Analysis module and emotion diversity module；Wearable terminal and management terminal are passed through
First wireless transport module and the second wireless transport module set up communication for coordination；Wrist strap is worn in the wrist of inmate, raw
Every physiological data of reason data acquisition module Real-time Collection inmate, and by the first wireless transport module cyclical transmission
To managing terminal；The physiological data that the wearable terminal received is sent by the second wireless transport module, transmission is to physiological data
Memory module stores；Dimension Reduction Analysis module carries out Feature Dimension Reduction to the physiological data that physiological data memory module stores, special
Levy dimensionality reduction and include feature extraction and feature selection, generate optimum dimensional space；Emotion diversity module is to the multidimensional physiology after dimensionality reduction
Data carry out physiological feature vector statistical, set up the physiological feature vector mapping table to emotional state, and work as according to inmate
Physiological feature vector in the front cycle, analyzes inmate's current emotional states；Emotion diversity module is analyzed by display module
To inmate's current emotional states show；The inmate that emotion recommending module analyzes according to emotion diversity module
Current emotional states and emotional state, to the mapping table of mood regulation music, push corresponding mood regulation sound to inmate
Happy.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, wearable terminal also includes data preprocessing module, for physiology
Data collecting module collected to multidimensional physiological data filter, filter collection mistake and error.
As the further prioritization scheme of the present invention, emotion recommending module includes music storage unit, music push unit
And player unit, wherein, music storage unit, for storing the mood regulation music of corresponding inmate's emotional state；
Music push unit, for setting up inmate's emotional state mapping table to mood regulation music, and according to the people that currently serves a sentence
Member's emotional state pushes corresponding mood regulation music；Player unit, plays phase for the recommendation according to emotion recommending module
The music answered
The present invention uses above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technical effect that the present invention passes through multiple
Every physiological data of physiological data collection module Real-time Collection inmate, according to its feelings of physiological data analysis of inmate
Not-ready status, it is achieved the accurate perception to inmate's emotional state, in order to dredge in time, so as to be effectively prevented
The generation of accident, improves monitoring capacity and the efficiency of management in prison.
Detailed description of the invention
Below technical scheme is described in further detail:
A kind of inmate's mood regulation system that the present invention provides, including wearable terminal and management terminal, wherein, can
Dress terminal, for the every physiological data to the inmate that different physiological data collection modules gather, carry out data and locate in advance
Reason, is sent periodically to after rejecting gross error manage terminal；The whole terminal of management, for building with multiple physiological data collection modules
Vertical connection, and the physiological data received is carried out Dimension Reduction Analysis, additionally, design multidimensional physiological feature vector, utilize emotion to divide
Level technology, according to known features vector analysis inmate's emotional state, and then pushes corresponding mood regulation music for it.
Wherein, described wearable terminal includes that multiple physiological data collection module, data preprocessing module and first are wireless
Transport module, wherein, multiple physiological data collection modules, utilize every physiology number of various sensor Real-time Collection inmate
According to, sensor described here including but not limited to, such as body temperature trans, pulse transducer, pressure transducer etc., corresponding therewith
Physiological parameter including but not limited to, such as body temperature, pulse, blood pressure etc.；Data preprocessing module, for the physiology number gathered
According to filtering, remove and gather mistake and error；First wireless transport module, is used for using the wireless technology such as WIFI, bluetooth to pass
Transmission of data, uses UDP group technology transmission signaling, sets up and manage the communication for coordination of terminal.
Wherein, described management terminal include the second wireless transport module, physiological data memory module, mood sensing module,
Emotion recommending module.Second wireless transport module, is used for using the wireless technology such as WIFI, bluetooth to transmit data, uses UDP packet
Technical transmission signaling, sets up the communication for coordination with wearable terminal.Physiological data memory module, is used for storing each physiological data
The physiological data that acquisition module gathers.Mood sensing module includes Dimension Reduction Analysis module and emotion diversity module, and wherein, dimensionality reduction divides
Analysis module, for the physiological data of storage is carried out feature extraction and Feature Selection, generates optimum dimensional space；Emotion classification mould
Block, design multidimensional physiological feature vector, utilize inmate's current physiology characteristic vector and physiological feature vector to emotion shape
The mapping table of state, parses inmate's current emotional states.Prison officer can monitor clothes in real time by management terminal
The emotional state of punishment personnel, in order to avoid the generation of emergency case.Emotion recommending module includes music storage unit, music push unit
And player unit, wherein, music storage unit, for storing the mood regulation music of corresponding inmate's emotional state；
Music push unit, for setting up inmate's emotional state mapping table to mood regulation music, and according to the people that currently serves a sentence
Member's emotional state pushes corresponding mood regulation music；Player unit, plays phase for the recommendation according to emotion recommending module
The music answered.
A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method that the present invention also provides for, comprises the following steps:
Step S1, is wirelessly connected wearable terminal with management terminal；
Step S2, carries out various dimensions, multiconductor by multiple physiological data collection modules to the physiological data of inmate
Gather, send to mobile phone terminal after line number of going forward side by side Data preprocess；
Step S3, by dimensionality reduction technology, carries out Dimension Reduction Analysis to the higher-dimension physiological data of various dimensions, multiconductor collection；
Step S4, the physiological feature vector of design multidimensional, utilize emotion classification technique, according to known features vector, resolve
Go out the emotional state of inmate.
Step S5, sets up emotional state to mood regulation music mapping table, pushes for inmate's emotional state and fit mutually
The mood regulation music answered.
Wherein, the mode that wearable terminal is connected with management terminal wirelessly is included using WIFI, indigo plant by S1
The wireless technology transmission data such as tooth, use UDP group technology transmission signaling, and it is collaborative logical with manage terminal to set up wearable terminal
Letter.In S202 physiological data collection module gather physiological data including but not limited to, as body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, pulse,
Breathing, calorie etc..Data prediction method particularly includes: for every physiological data, it is utilized respectively Grobus criterion and enters
Row data screening, calculates the Ge Luobusi distribution that in every physiological data set, element is corresponding, and compares with marginal value, if
I.e. thinking that more than marginal value this element is gross error, and reject, described marginal value need to be according in this physiological data set
The number of element is searched corresponding Ge Luobusi tables of critical values and is drawn.
Wherein, in S3 dimensionality reduction technology including but not limited to, such as principal component analysis, independent component analysis, linear discriminatant
Analysis, Kohonen coupling etc.；Described various dimensions, multiconductor collection, i.e. to different physical signs PiCarry out multipoint acquisition and obtain many
Dimension physiologic spaces S=(P1,..,Pi,..,PN), wherein Pi=(Pi1,..,Pij,..,PiM), PiRepresent i-th kind of physical signs, Pij
Represent the data that the jth monitoring point of i-th kind of physical signs is measured；N represents that physical signs monitors kind quantity, and M represents each
The monitoring point quantity of physical signs, 1≤i≤N, 1≤j≤M.Described physical signs including but not limited to, as heart rate, body temperature,
Pulse, blood pressure, blood oxygen, breathing, calorie etc.；Described physiological data is carried out Dimension Reduction Analysis obtain low-dimensional physiologic spaces S'=
(P1,..,Pi,..,Pn), wherein n ＜ N.
Physiological data is carried out Dimension Reduction Analysis method particularly includes: first, multidimensional physiological data is carried out feature extraction, mistake
Filter reflects the physical signs of close physiological feature, and such as heart rate and pulse, generally, the physiological feature that they represent is consistent,
So only need to carry out the data analysis of one of which index, remaining index filters；Secondly, multidimensional physiological data is carried out feature choosing
Selecting, select the physical signs sensitive to emotion changes, such as body temperature, blood pressure etc., other physical signs such as calorie, blood oxygen etc. are the most no
Directly can produce with inmate's emotion and associate, can directly filter, to reach the purpose of dimensionality reduction.
Wherein, S4 designs the physiological feature vector of multidimensional, method particularly includes: first preset the normal model of each physical signs
Enclosing, such as blood pressure, as a example by shrinking pressure, normal range is 90-130mmHg；Body temperature, is 36-37 degree Celsius normal range；Pulse,
60-100/ minute normal range.In one cycle T, add up the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value P of every physical signs respectivelyijIf, PijIt is higher than
This physical signs normal range, then represent i-th kind of physical signs physiological data within this cycle with 1；If less than normal range,
Then represent with-1；Otherwise represent with 0；Wherein,In general, cycle T value was advisable within one hour.By
This, can get one group of physiological feature vector according to every physical signs average, and this physiological feature vector will be used for follow-up emotion and divide
Analysis.
Wherein, the physiological feature vector of emotion classification technique, i.e. statistics each history cycle of inmate, by classification side
Method, sets up the physiological feature vector mapping table to emotional state, as physiological feature vector (1,0 ,-1) represents the blood of inmate
Pressure height, pulse is normal, and body temperature is low, and this symptom is likely due to inmate and excessively fears, fear causes, can be by this vector
Corresponding relation is set up with emotion " probably "；Physiological feature vector (1,1,1) represents the slight Hypertension of inmate, and pulse is fast, body
Temperature is higher, and this symptom is likely due to inmate and is overexcited what excitement caused, with emotion, this vector " can be liked " foundation
Corresponding relation；Physiological feature vector (-1 ,-1,0) represents that the blood pressure of inmate is on the low side, weak and faint pulse, and body temperature is normal, this symptom
Be likely due to inmate be overburdened with grief, dejected, and then suppression stomachial secretion, be off one's feed, being short of physical strength causes, can be by
This vector sets up corresponding relation with emotion " sad "；For another example physiological feature vector (1,0,1) represents the hypertension of inmate, pulse
Normally, body temperature is higher, and this symptom is likely due to the great indignation of inmate and causes, and can be set up with emotion " anger " by this vector
Corresponding relation.
Wherein, the detailed process analyzing inmate's emotional state is: first, in a cycle T, it is judged that inmate
Whether emotion fluctuates: contrast the element in the physiological feature vector of former and later two cycle T, if the number of element variation exceedes physiology
The half of characteristic vector length, i.e. thinks that emotion fluctuates；And then, it is judged that inmate's emotion changes trend, Ruo Shenglite
Levy in vector containing the non-zero item of at least two, i.e. think emotional instability；Finally, inmate's anxious state of mind and shakiness are being met
Under fixed condition, according to inmate this cycle physiological feature vector, inquiry physiological feature vector to emotional state mapping table,
Inmate's emotional state can be drawn.
Wherein, in S5, emotional state is to mood regulation music mapping table, and mood regulation music is used for regulating inmate's feelings
Thread, it is therefore an objective to make inmate's emotional state tend towards stability, either happiness excessively, or compassion excessively all will be to inmate's physiological health band
Endanger, especially for may also result in certain emergency situations for inmate, so pushing emotion for inmate
Regulation music so that it is keep a usual mind, for the basic goal of the present invention.The concrete strategy that pushes of mood regulation music is:
If inmate's emotional state is happiness, then push the music playing calm effect for it；If inmate's emotional state is anger, then
The music playing the effect of pacifying is pushed for it；If inmate's emotional state is sad, then push the sound playing incentive action for it
Happy；If inmate's emotional state is for probably, then pushes for it and play the music loosening effect.Mood regulation music passes through player
Unit directly plays to inmate.
The present invention provides a kind of mood sensing flow process based on inmate's physiological data analysis, and detailed process is:
Step A, carries out pre-seting of every physical signs normal range, and such as blood pressure, as a example by shrinking pressure, normal range is
90-130mmHg；Body temperature, is 36-37 degree Celsius normal range；Pulse, 60-100/ minute normal range.But, different use
Family, because physical qualification is inconsistent, physical signs normal range also must be different.At this point it is possible to utilize statistical theory, statistical
Before analysis user in K × T time, every physical signs fluctuation range, and in this, as inmate's normal physiologic range, its
In, K is much larger than 10.
Step B, in a cycle T, carries out physiological feature vector conversion, according to physical signs just to every physiological data
The eigenvalue of physiological data in often the preset value of scope determines this cycle.
Step C, it is judged that in this cycle, whether inmate's emotion fluctuates, method particularly includes: in current period, with upper one week
Phase is compared, the situation of change of each element in inmate's physiological feature vector, if the number of element variation exceed physiological feature to
The half of amount length, then it is assumed that emotion there occurs fluctuation；Otherwise can be approximately considered inmate's emotion to be not changed in, it is not necessary to do phase
Answer emotion analysis, be returned directly to step B, wait the arrival of next cycle T.
Step D, it is judged that in this cycle, inmate's emotion changes is all to tend towards stability, method particularly includes: check current week
The number of non-zero element in physiological feature vector in phase, if containing having more than two non-zero items, then showing to have at least two physiology to refer to
Mark abnormal, i.e. it can be inferred that this inmate's emotional instability；If no, then showing that this inmate is in be emotionally stable
State, i.e. without being adjusted the propelling movement of music for it, returns to step B, waits the arrival of next cycle T.
Step E, sets up the mapping relations of inmate's physiological feature vector and emotional state, and described emotional state is divided into
" happiness, anger, compassion, probably " four grades, according to the physiological feature vector of inmate, in conjunction with Physiological Psychology theory, Ji Kejian
Corresponding relation between vertical each physiological feature vector and four emotion grades.
Step F, according to above-mentioned emotion grade, finds the music that matches from corresponding mood regulation music file storehouse, logical
Cross player to play out to inmate.Described mood regulation music file storehouse, carries out music sources according to emotion grade and deposits
Storage, and periodically music libraries is updated.
The above, the only detailed description of the invention in the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and appoints
What is familiar with the people of this technology in the technical scope that disclosed herein, it will be appreciated that the conversion expected or replacement, all should contain
Within the scope of the comprising of the present invention, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (8)
1. inmate's emotion adjustment method, it is characterised in that concrete grammar is as follows:
Step 1, periodically gathers every physical signs of inmate, obtains the physiological data in each cycle of inmate；
Step 2, the physiological feature vector of statistics each periodic physiological data of inmate, particularly as follows:
201, preset the normal range of each physical signs；
202, the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of every physical signs in one cycle of statistics respectively, if meansigma methods is normal higher than this physical signs
Scope, then represent this physical signs physiological data eigenvalue within this cycle with 1；If meansigma methods is normal less than this physical signs
Scope, then represent this physical signs physiological data eigenvalue within this cycle with-1；Otherwise represent with 0；Thus obtain physiology
Characteristic vector, its element is the physiological data eigenvalue of every physical signs；
Step 3, according to the history physiological feature vector of inmate, by sorting technique, sets up physiological feature vector to emotion
The mapping table of state；
Step 4, according to the physiological feature vector in inmate's current period, analyzes inmate's current emotional states, it is achieved
The emotion monitoring of inmate, particularly as follows:
401, it is judged that whether inmate's emotion fluctuates, particularly as follows: contrast current period is vectorial with the physiological feature in previous cycle
In element, if element variation number exceedes the half of physiological feature vector length, then judge that emotion fluctuates, execution 502；
Otherwise, it is determined that emotion fluctuates, wait the multidimensional physiological data of pending one week after phase；
402, it is judged that inmate's emotion changes trend, if particularly as follows: the physiological feature vector of current period comprising at least two
Individual non-zero element, then judge emotional instability, performs 503；Otherwise, it is determined that be emotionally stable, the multidimensional waiting the pending one week after phase is raw
Reason data；
403, according to the physiological feature vector in inmate's current period, the mapping of inquiry physiological feature vector to emotional state
Table, draws inmate's current emotional states；
Step 5, sets up the emotional state mapping table to mood regulation music, and the current emotional states for inmate plays phase
The music answered is to regulate the emotional state of inmate.
A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is right also to include in step 1
The physiological data collected carries out Feature Dimension Reduction, and wherein, Feature Dimension Reduction includes feature extraction and feature selection.
A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that Feature Dimension Reduction uses main one-tenth
Component analysis or independent component analysis or linear discriminatant analysis or Kohonen matching process are carried out.
A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that sorting technique in step 3
For decision tree or nearest neighbor algorithm KNN or support vector machines.
A kind of inmate's emotion adjustment method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that emotional state in step 3
It is divided into happiness, anger, compassion, probably four grades.
6. inmate's mood regulation system, it is characterised in that include wearable terminal and management terminal, wherein, can wear
Wearing terminal and include wrist strap and the multiple physiological data collection modules being arranged on wrist strap, the first wireless transport module, management is eventually
End includes the second wireless transport module, physiological data memory module, mood sensing module, display module, emotion recommending module, feelings
Thread sensing module includes Dimension Reduction Analysis module and emotion diversity module；Wearable terminal and management terminal are wirelessly transferred by first
Module and the second wireless transport module set up communication for coordination；
Wrist strap is worn in the wrist of inmate, every physiology number of physiological data collection module Real-time Collection inmate
According to, and by the first wireless transport module cyclical transmission to managing terminal；Second wireless transport module is by wearing of receiving
Wearing the physiological data that terminal sends, transmission to physiological data memory module stores；Physiological data is deposited by Dimension Reduction Analysis module
The physiological data of storage module stores carries out Feature Dimension Reduction, and Feature Dimension Reduction includes feature extraction and feature selection, generates optimum dimension
Space；Emotion diversity module carries out physiological feature vector statistical to the multidimensional physiological data after dimensionality reduction, sets up physiological feature vector
To the mapping table of emotional state, and according to the physiological feature vector in inmate's current period, analyze inmate and work as cause
Not-ready status；Inmate's current emotional states that emotion diversity module analysis is obtained by display module shows；Emotion is recommended
Inmate's current emotional states that module analyzes according to emotion diversity module and emotional state are to mood regulation music
Mapping table, pushes corresponding mood regulation music to inmate.
A kind of inmate's mood regulation system the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that wearable terminal also includes
Data preprocessing module, filters for the multidimensional physiological data collecting physiological data collection module, filters collection mistake
Miss and error.
A kind of inmate's mood regulation system the most according to claim 6, it is characterised in that emotion recommending module includes
Music storage unit, music push unit and player unit, wherein,
Music storage unit, for storing the mood regulation music of corresponding inmate's emotional state；Music push unit, is used for
Set up inmate's emotional state mapping table to mood regulation music, and push according to current inmate's emotional state corresponding
Mood regulation music；Player unit, plays corresponding music for the recommendation according to emotion recommending module.
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